Bilateral Relations

Canada — United States of America

Key and Active Environmental Agreements between Canada and the United States:

Water

Treaty Between the United States and Great Britain Relating to Boundary Waters and Questions Arising Between the United States and Canada (1909)

Canada-U.S. Convention and Protocol on Lake of the Woods (1925)

Convention between Canada and the US on the Level of Rainy Lake (1938)

Treaty Between the United States of America and Canada concerning the uses of the water of the Niagara River (The Niagara Treaty of 1950)

Columbia River Treaty (1961)

Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (1972, Amended in 1978 and 1987)

Canada-U.S. Skagit River Treaty (1984)

Canada-U.S. Agreement on Water Supply and Flood Control in Souris River Basin (1989)

The Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy (1997)

Air / Weather:

Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement (1991)

The Ozone Annex to the 1991 Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement (2000)

Wildlife:

Convention on Migratory Birds (signed in 1916 with the U.S. and amended by the Parksville Protocol, in force in 1999)

Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries (1954)

Canada-United States North American Waterfowl Management Plan (1986)

Agreement on the Cooperative Management of the Porcupine Caribou Herd (1987)

Framework for Cooperation Between Environment Canada and the United States Department of the Interior in the Protection and Recovery of Wild Species at Risk (1997)

Environmental Protection:

MOU Concerning Research and Development in Science and Technology (1985, 1997)

Agreement on Transboundary Control of Hazardous Wastes (1986)

Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Field of Climate Related Programs (1985, 1997)