Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/January

Selected anniversaries / On this day archive

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January 1: Public Domain Day; Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God (Roman Rite Catholicism)

"Am I not a man and a brother", emblem used by abolitionists

417 – Galla Placidia was forced by her brother Honorius into marriage with his magister militum, Constantius III.
1808 – As a result of the lobbying efforts by the abolitionist movement (emblem pictured), the importation of slaves into the United States was officially banned, although slavery itself remained permitted.
1914 – The St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line in the U.S. state of Florida became the first scheduled airline using a winged aircraft.
1957 – The revised Thai criminal code came into force, strengthening the law on lèse-majesté in Thailand to include insult and treating it as a crime against national security.
2019 – The NASA space probe New Horizons flew by the trans-Neptunian object Arrokoth, making it the farthest object visited by a spacecraft.

Henry of Marcy (d. 1189)
Marie-Louise Lachapelle (b. 1769)
Vidya Balan (b. 1979)
Tusse (b. 2002)

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January 2: Feast day of Saint Gregory of Nazianzus and Saint Basil of Caesarea (Roman Rite Catholicism, Anglicanism)

Ronald Reagan

1777 – American Revolutionary War: American forces under the command of George Washington repulsed a British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek near Trenton, New Jersey.
1959 – The Soviet Luna 1, the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon, was launched by a Vostok rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
1967 – Ronald Reagan (pictured) began his career in government when he was sworn in as the 33rd governor of California.
1976 – An extratropical cyclone began affecting parts of western Europe, resulting in coastal flooding around the southern portions of the North Sea and leading to at least 82 deaths.
2009 – Sri Lankan Civil War: The Sri Lankan army captured the town of Kilinochchi from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, concluding the Battle of Kilinochchi.

William de St-Calais (d. 1096)
Hester C. Jeffrey (d. 1934)
Roman Dmowski (d. 1939)
Norodom Ranariddh (b. 1944)

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January 3

First issue of Berlingske

1749 – The first issue of Berlingske (front page pictured), Denmark's oldest continually operating newspaper, was published.
1911 – An earthquake registering 7.7 M_w destroyed Almaty in Russian Turkestan.
1938 – The American health charity March of Dimes was founded as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis to help raise money for polio research.
1961 – All 25 people on board Aero Flight 311 died in Finland's worst civilian air accident when the aircraft crashed near Kvevlax.
2009 – The cryptocurrency network of bitcoin was created when Satoshi Nakamoto mined the first block of the chain.

Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena (d. 1743)
Oliver Bosbyshell (b. 1839)
Mona Best (b. 1924)
Lynn Hill (b. 1961)

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January 4: Colonial Repression Martyrs' Day in Angola (1961)

Artist's depiction of a Mars Exploration Rover

1698 – Most of London's Palace of Whitehall, the main residence of English monarchs since 1530, was destroyed by fire.
1798 – After his appointment as Prince of Wallachia, Constantine Hangerli arrived in Bucharest to assume the throne.
1936 – Billboard published its first music hit parade.
1989 – Two American F-14 Tomcats shot down two Libyan MiG-23 Floggers that appeared to be attempting to engage them over the Gulf of Sidra.
2004 – Spirit (artist's impression depicted), the first of two rovers of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission, successfully landed on Mars.

Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy (b. 1334)
Josef Suk (b. 1874)
Nellie Cashman (d. 1925)
Arthur Rose Eldred (d. 1951)

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January 5: Twelfth Night (Western Christianity)

Harry S. Truman

1757 – King Louis XV survived an assassination attempt by Robert-François Damiens, who later became the last person in France to be executed by drawing and quartering.
1869 – Te Kooti's War: After surviving a five-day siege in the pā at Ngātapa, Māori leader Te Kooti escaped from New Zealand's Armed Constabulary.
1919 – The German Workers' Party, the precursor of the Nazi Party, was founded by Anton Drexler.
1949 – In his State of the Union speech, U.S. president Harry S. Truman (pictured) announced: "Every segment of our population, and every individual, has a right to expect from his government a fair deal."
2003 – The Metropolitan Police arrested six people in conjunction with an alleged terrorist plot to release ricin on the London Underground, although no toxin was found.

Al-Mu'tasim (d. 842)
Joseph Erlanger (b. 1874)
Edmund Herring (d. 1982)
Pierre Boulez (d. 2016)

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January 6: Little Christmas

Constantine XI Palaiologos

1449 – Four years before the fall of Constantinople, Constantine XI Palaiologos (pictured) assumed the throne as the last Byzantine emperor.
1724 – Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen, a Bach cantata for Epiphany, was first performed in Leipzig.
1912 – German geophysicist Alfred Wegener presented his theory of continental drift, the precursor of plate tectonics.
1953 – The inaugural Asian Socialist Conference, an organisation of socialist political parties, opened in Rangoon with 177 delegates, observers and fraternal guests.
2014 – The first episode of the documentary series Benefits Street aired on Channel 4, prompting discussion in the United Kingdom about welfare dependency.

Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros (b. 1756)
Earl Scruggs (b. 1924)
Babrak Karmal (b. 1929)
Sybil Plumlee (d. 2012)

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January 7: Christmas (Eastern Christianity); Victory over Genocide Day in Cambodia (1979)

CQD in Morse code

1797 – The Italian tricolour was first adopted as an official flag by the government of the Cispadane Republic.
1904 – The Marconi International Marine Communication Company specified CQD (audio featured) as the distress signal to be used by its operators.
1939 – French physicist Marguerite Perey identified francium, the last element to be discovered in nature rather than by synthesis.
1979 – The People's Army of Vietnam captured Phnom Penh, marking the end of large-scale fighting in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War.
2020 – After 253 days without an operational government, a second round of investiture votes produced Spain's first coalition government since the Second Republic.

Francis Poulenc (b. 1899)
Melly Goeslaw (b. 1974)
Richard Hamming (d. 1998)
Run Run Shaw (d. 2014)

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January 8: Eugenio María de Hostos's birthday in Puerto Rico (2024)

Blackstone Library

1697 – Scottish student Thomas Aikenhead became the last person in Great Britain to be executed for blasphemy.
1904 – Blackstone Library (pictured), the first branch of the Chicago Public Library system, was dedicated.
1977 – Three bombs attributed to Armenian nationalists exploded across Moscow, killing seven people and injuring 37 people.
1981 – In Trans-en-Provence, France, a local farmer reported a UFO sighting claimed to be "perhaps the most completely and carefully documented sighting of all time".
2011 – Jared Lee Loughner opened fire at a public meeting held by U.S. representative Gabby Giffords in Tucson, Arizona, killing six people and injuring twelve others.

Prince Albert Victor (b. 1864)
Mary Arthur McElroy (d. 1917)
Joseph Franklin Rutherford (d. 1942)
T. J. Hamblin (d. 2012)

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January 9

The plane involved in the Iran Air Flight 277 crash

1797 – War of the First Coalition: The siege of Kehl by Habsburg and Württembergian forces ended when French troops withdrew from their fortifications.
1917 – First World War: Troops of the British Empire defeated Ottoman forces at the Battle of Rafa on the Sinai–Palestine border in present-day Rafah.
1972 – The Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association lost to the Milwaukee Bucks, ending a 33-game winning streak, the longest in major American professional team sports.
1975 – In Central and Southeastern United States, a Great Storm formed the first of forty-five tornadoes over a three-day period.
2011 – In poor weather conditions, Iran Air Flight 277 (plane pictured) crashed near Urmia Airport, Iran, killing 78 of the 105 people on board.

T. W. Robertson (b. 1829)
Carrie Chapman Catt (b. 1859)
Farhan Akhtar (b. 1974)
Lei Jieqiong (d. 2011)

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January 10

New Orleans

236 – Pope Fabian, said to have been chosen by the Holy Spirit when a dove landed on his head, began his papacy.
1812 – New Orleans (pictured), the first steamship on the Mississippi River, arrived at New Orleans to complete its maiden voyage.
1929 – Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, the first volume of The Adventures of Tintin by the Belgian cartoonist Hergé, began serialisation.
1993 – The Braer Storm, the strongest extratropical cyclone ever recorded in the North Atlantic, reached peak intensity.

Georg Forster (d. 1794)
Hrithik Roshan (b. 1974)
Yip Pin Xiu (b. 1992)
Constantine II of Greece (d. 2023)

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January 11: Prithvi Jayanti in Nepal

Cover of Smoking and Health

1654 – Arauco War: The Mapuche-Huilliche of southern Chile defeated a slave-hunting Spanish army at the Battle of Río Bueno.
1693 – The most powerful earthquake recorded in Italy, registering 7.4 M_w, struck the island of Sicily.
1914 – The Karluk, the flagship of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, sank after being crushed by ice.
1964 – In a landmark report (cover pictured), U.S. surgeon general Luther Terry issued a warning that tobacco smoking may be hazardous to health, concluding that it has a causative role in lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and other illnesses.
2003 – After Chicago police detective Jon Burge was discovered to have forced confessions from more than 200 suspects, the governor of Illinois commuted the death sentences of 167 prisoners and pardoned four others.

Min Bin (d. 1554)
Socrates Nelson (b. 1814)
Eva Le Gallienne (b. 1899)
Eva Tanguay (d. 1947)

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January 12: Zanzibar Revolution Day in Tanzania (1964)

Comet McNaught

1659 – The fort at Allahabad was surrendered to the forces of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
1879 – Anglo-Zulu War: Natal Native Contingent and British troops defeated Zulu forces in the Action at Sihayo's Kraal.
1899 – During a storm, the crew of Lynmouth Lifeboat Station transported their 10-ton lifeboat 15 mi (24 km) overland in order to rescue a damaged schooner.
1969 – British rock band Led Zeppelin released their first album, Led Zeppelin, in the United States.
2007 – Comet McNaught (pictured) reached perihelion, becoming the brightest comet in over 40 years, with an apparent magnitude of −5.5.

Godscall Paleologue (b. 1694)
Laura Adams Armer (b. 1874)
Princess Patricia of Connaught (d. 1974)

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January 13: Saint Knut's Day in Finland and Sweden

William Price

1884 – Welsh physician William Price (pictured) was arrested for attempting to cremate his deceased infant son; this eventually led to the United Kingdom cremation act becoming law.
1953 – Nine Moscow doctors were accused of a plot to poison members of the Soviet political and military leadership.
1968 – American singer Johnny Cash recorded his landmark album At Folsom Prison live at Folsom Prison in California.
1972 – Ghanaian military officer Ignatius Kutu Acheampong led a coup to overthrow Prime Minister Kofi Abrefa Busia and President Edward Akufo-Addo.
2000 – Steve Ballmer replaced Bill Gates as the chief executive officer of Microsoft.

Edmund Spenser (d. 1599)
Art Ross (b. 1885 or 1886)
Michael Bond (b. 1926)
Claudia Emerson (b. 1957)

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January 14: Ratification Day in the United States (1784)

Philip V of Spain

1724 – Philip V (pictured), the first Bourbon king of Spain, abdicated in favour of his seventeen-year-old eldest son, who became Louis I.
1814 – Sweden and Denmark–Norway signed the Treaty of Kiel, whereby Frederick VI of Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden in return for the Swedish holdings in Pomerania.
1969 – A major fire and series of explosions aboard the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise killed 28 sailors, injured 314 others, and destroyed 15 aircraft.
1970 – The self-proclaimed Republic of Biafra in southeastern Nigeria surrendered to the federal government less than three years after declaring independence, ending the Nigerian Civil War.
2018 – In the "Minneapolis Miracle", American football player Stefon Diggs caught a 61-yard touchdown pass that secured the Minnesota Vikings' victory in the National Football Conference divisional playoff game.

Ladislaus II of Hungary (d. 1163)
Wang Bingzhang (b. 1914)
Juan Bielovucic (d. 1949)
Alan Rickman (d. 2016)

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January 15: John Chilembwe Day in Malawi

US Airways Flight 1549 crash and rescue

1857 – In British Hong Kong, hundreds of Europeans were non-lethally poisoned by arsenic in bread from a locally owned bakery, leading to geopolitical tension.
1934 – At least 10,700 people died when an earthquake registering 8.0 M_w struck Nepal and the Indian state of Bihar.
1974 – American serial killer Dennis Rader, also known as the "BTK killer", murdered his first four victims.
1991 – The Victoria Cross for Australia was instituted by letters patent; the first Commonwealth realm with a separate Victoria Cross award in its honours system.
2009 – US Airways Flight 1549 struck a flock of Canada geese during its climb out from New York City and made an emergency landing in the Hudson River (featured).

Theophylact (d. 849)
Martin Luther King Jr. (b. 1929)
Regina Margareten (d. 1959)
Millie Knight (b. 1999)

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January 16

Jose Calugas

1809 – Peninsular War: French forces under Jean-de-Dieu Soult attacked the British's amphibious evacuation under Sir John Moore at Corunna in Galicia, Spain.
1862 – A pumping engine at a colliery in New Hartley, England, broke and fell down the shaft, trapping miners below and resulting in 204 deaths.
1942 – World War II: During the Battle of Bataan, U.S. Army sergeant Jose Calugas (pictured) organized a squad of volunteers to man an artillery position under heavy fire, which later earned him the Medal of Honor.
1964 – The musical Hello, Dolly! opened at the St. James Theatre on Broadway, and went on to win ten Tony Awards, a record that stood for 37 years.
2018 – In Mrauk U, Myanmar, police fired into a crowd protesting the ban of an event to mark the anniversary of the end of the Kingdom of Mrauk U, resulting in seven deaths and twelve injuries.

Isaac Komnenos (b. 1093)
Edward Gibbon (d. 1794)
Cliff Thorburn (b. 1948)
Gene Cernan (d. 2017)

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January 17

Queen Liliʻuokalani of Hawaii

1377 – Gregory XI, the last Avignon pope, entered Rome after a four-month journey from Avignon, returning the papacy to its original city.
1893 – Lorrin A. Thurston and the Citizens' Committee of Public Safety led the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the government of Queen Liliʻuokalani (pictured).
1945 – World War II: Australian troops advanced along the northern part of Bougainville Island (in present-day Papua New Guinea) and began fighting Japanese forces in the Battle of Tsimba Ridge.
1948 – Indonesian National Revolution: The Renville Agreement between the Netherlands and Indonesian republicans was ratified, in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to resolve disputes arising from the Linggadjati Agreement of 1946.
1999 – In Little Saigon, California, a series of protests began when the owner of a video rental store displayed an image of Ho Chi Minh.

Ellen Wood (b. 1814)
Abram Lincoln Harris (b. 1899)
Michelle Obama (b. 1964)
Sunanda Pushkar (d. 2014)

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January 18: Laba Festival in China (2024)

United Nations Memorial Cemetery

1871 – A number of previously independent states unified to form the German Empire, with Wilhelm I as its emperor.
1951 – Construction began on the United Nations Military Cemetery (pictured), the only United Nations cemetery in the world, in Busan, South Korea.
1956 – Navvab Safavi, an Iranian Shia cleric and the founder of the fundamentalist group Fada'iyan-e Islam, was executed with three of his followers for attempting to assassinate Prime Minister Hossein Ala'.
1969 – Thousands of Japanese police stormed the University of Tokyo after six months of nationwide leftist university student protests and occupation.
1983 – Thirty years after his death, the International Olympic Committee presented commemorative medals to the family of American athlete Jim Thorpe, who had been stripped of his gold medals for playing semi-professional baseball before the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Isabella Jagiellon (b. 1519)
Elena Arizmendi Mejía (b. 1884)
Philippe Starck (b. 1949)
Bruce Chatwin (d. 1989)

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January 19

Klaus Barbie

1419 – Hundred Years' War: The Siege of Rouen ended with English troops capturing the city from Norman French forces.
1511 – War of the League of Cambrai: Troops led by Pope Julius II captured Mirandola after a brief siege.
1920 – The American Civil Liberties Union was founded by the directors of the National Civil Liberties Bureau.
1972 – The French newspaper L'Aurore revealed that the former Nazi SS officer Klaus Barbie (pictured), the "Butcher of Lyon", had been found to be living in Peru.
2012 – The Hong Kong–based file-sharing website Megaupload was shut down by the FBI.

Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger (d. 1636)
Arthur Morris (b. 1922)
Sarah Burke (d. 2012)

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January 20: Day of Nationwide Sorrow in Azerbaijan (1990)

2009 inauguration of Barack Obama

1356 – Edward Balliol, whose father John was briefly King of Scotland, gave up his claim to the throne in exchange for an English pension.
1942 – The Holocaust: Reinhard Heydrich and other senior Nazi officials met at the Wannsee Conference near Berlin to discuss the implementation of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question".
2009 – In Washington, D.C., Barack Obama was inaugurated (pictured) as the first African American president of the United States.

Wulfstan (d. 1095)
Carl Linnaeus the Younger (b. 1741)
Naomi Parker Fraley (d. 2018)

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January 21: World Religion Day (2024)

Members of the First Dáil

763 – The Abbasid Caliphate crushed the Alid revolt when a rebel leader was mortally wounded in battle near Basra in present-day Iraq.
1789 – The Power of Sympathy by William Hill Brown, widely considered to be the first American novel, was published.
1919 – The First Dáil (members pictured) convened at the Mansion House in Dublin and adopted a declaration of independence calling for the establishment of the Irish Republic.
1972 – Tripura, formerly part of the independent Twipra Kingdom, became a state of India.
2017 – Millions of people participated in the worldwide Women's March, to advocate for legislation and policies on human rights and other issues.

Theodor Fliedner (b. 1800)
Edith Tolkien (b. 1889)
Yasunori Mitsuda (b. 1972)
Vincent Lingiari (d. 1988)

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January 22: Martin Luther King Jr. Day in the United States (2024), Day of Unity of Ukraine (1919)

SS Valencia

1506 – The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrived in Rome to provide security for the pope.
1689 – The Convention Parliament met to decide the fate of the throne after James II, the last Catholic monarch of England, fled to France following the Glorious Revolution.
1906 – SS Valencia (pictured) was wrecked off the coast of Vancouver Island, Canada, in a location so treacherous it was known as the Graveyard of the Pacific.
1973 – The U.S. Supreme Court delivered a landmark decision in Roe v. Wade, striking down laws restricting abortion during the first two trimesters of pregnancy.
2012 – Croatia held a referendum, in which it voted to become a member of the European Union.

Karl Ernst Claus (b. 1796)
Gisela Januszewska (b. 1867)
Michael Hutchence (b. 1960)

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January 23

Elizabeth Blackwell

1556 – One of the deadliest earthquakes in history struck Shaanxi, China, resulting in at least 100,000 direct deaths.
1849 – Elizabeth Blackwell (pictured) graduated from Geneva Medical College in New York, making her the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States.
1909 – Two men committed an armed robbery in Tottenham, London, and led police on a two-hour chase, partially by tram, that ended in the perpetrators' suicides.
1942 – World War II: Japan began an invasion of the island of New Britain in the Australian Territory of New Guinea.
1993 – The first version of Mosaic, created by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina, was released, becoming the first popular web browser.

Mary Ward (b. 1585)
Ernst Abbe (b. 1840)
Louisa Cadamuro (b. 1987)

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January 24: Day of the Unification of the Romanian Principalities in Romania (1859)

University of Calcutta shortly after its founding

AD 41 – Cassius Chaerea and disgruntled Praetorian Guards murdered the Roman emperor Caligula, leading to him being succeeded by his uncle Claudius.
1857 – The University of Calcutta (pictured) was established as the first modern university in the Indian subcontinent.
1915 – First World War: British ships of the Grand Fleet intercepted and surprised a German High Seas Fleet squadron in the North Sea, sinking a cruiser and damaging several other vessels.
1966 – Air India Flight 101, en route from Bombay to London, crashed into Mont Blanc in France, killing all 117 people on board.
1989 – American serial killer Ted Bundy was executed by electric chair in Florida for the murders of thirty young women.

Richard de Bury (b. 1287)
Edith Wharton (b. 1862)
Mark Eaton (b. 1957)
Peter Settman (b. 1969)

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January 25: Feast day of Saint Gregory of Nazianzus (Eastern Orthodoxy) and Dwynwen (Wales)

SS Laurentic

1704 – English colonists from the Province of Carolina and their native allies began a series of raids against the largely peaceful population of Apalachee in Spanish Florida.
1917 – Serving as a British armed merchant cruiser, Laurentic (pictured) was sunk by German naval mines off the northern coast of Ireland, resulting in 354 deaths.
1967 – South Vietnamese junta leader Nguyễn Cao Kỳ fired his rival Nguyễn Hữu Có while the latter was overseas on a diplomatic visit.
1995 – A team of Norwegian and American scientists launched a Black Brant XII sounding rocket, which was mistaken by Russian forces for a Trident missile.

Mihrimah Sultan (d. 1578)
John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher (b. 1841)
Syster Sol (b. 1983)

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January 26: Australia Day (1788); Republic Day in India (1950)

Cullinan Diamond

1700 – An earthquake with a moment magnitude of around 9.0 occurred off the Pacific Northwest coast of North America, as evidenced by Japanese records of tsunamis.
1841 – Commodore Gordon Bremer took formal possession of Hong Kong Island for the United Kingdom at Possession Point.
1905 – The 3,106-carat (621 g) Cullinan Diamond (pictured), the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found, was discovered at the Premier Mine in Gauteng, South Africa.
1945 – Audie Murphy engaged in action at the Colmar Pocket that won him a Medal of Honor and made him one of the most famous and decorated U.S. soldiers of World War II.

Giuseppe Genco Russo (b. 1893)
Angela Davis (b. 1944)
David Kato (d. 2011)

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January 27

Entrance to Auschwitz I

945 – The brothers Stephen and Constantine Lekapenos, having deposed their father as Byzantine emperor a few weeks earlier, were themselves overthrown by Constantine VII, their co-emperor.
1820 – A Russian expedition led by the naval officers Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev made the first sighting of the coast of Antarctica.
1945 – The Soviet Red Army liberated about 7,000 prisoners left behind by the Nazis in Auschwitz concentration camp (entrance pictured).
1974 – Brisbane, Australia, was flooded when the Brisbane River broke its banks.
2003 – The first selections for the United States National Recording Registry were announced by the Library of Congress.

Angela Merici (d. 1540)
Eunice Hale Cobb (b. 1803)
Yang Chuan-kwang (d. 2007)

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January 28

Lego bricks

1142 – Despite having saved the southern Song dynasty from attempts by the northern Jin dynasty to conquer it, Chinese general Yue Fei was executed by the Song government.
1547 – Nine-year-old Edward VI, the first English monarch to be raised as a Protestant, became king.
1813 – English author Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice was published, using material from an unpublished manuscript originally written between 1796 and 1797.
1958 – The Lego Group, a Danish toy company, filed a patent in Denmark for the design of Lego bricks (pictured).
1984 – Tropical Storm Domoina made landfall in southern Mozambique, causing some of the most severe flooding recorded in the region.

Paul Luther (b. 1533)
Colette (b. 1873)
Paul Henderson (b. 1943)

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January 29

Pope Sergius III

904 – Sergius III (pictured), whose pontificate was marked by feudal violence and disorder in central Italy, returned from exile to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.
1863 – American Indian Wars: The U.S. Army led by Patrick Edward Connor massacred Chief Bear Hunter and Shoshone forces at the Bear River Massacre in present-day Franklin County, Idaho.
1911 – Mexican Revolution: The Magonista rebellion began when Mexican Liberal Party troops captured the town of Mexicali.
2017 – A lone gunman carried out a mass shooting at a mosque in Quebec City, Canada, killing six people and injuring up to nineteen others.

Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé (d. 1871)
Alice Catherine Evans (b. 1881)
Aminah Cendrakasih (b. 1938)
Elin Rombo (b. 1976)

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January 30: Martyrs' Day in India (1948)

Attempted assassination of Andrew Jackson

1607 – Low-lying places around the coasts of the Bristol Channel of Britain were flooded, resulting in an estimated 2,000 deaths.
1835 – Richard Lawrence became the first person to attempt to assassinate a sitting US president when he failed to kill Andrew Jackson at the US Capitol (assassination attempt pictured) and was subdued by the crowd.
1939 – In a speech to the Reichstag, Adolf Hitler threatened the "annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe".
1972 – The Troubles: On Bloody Sunday, members of the British Parachute Regiment shot 26 civil-rights protesters in Derry, Northern Ireland, killing at least 13 people.

William More (b. 1520)
Angela of the Cross (b. 1846)
Abdullah II of Jordan (b. 1962)

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January 31: Independence Day in Nauru (1968)

Doug Williams

1208 – King Sverker II of Sweden was defeated at the Battle of Lena by Eric Knutsson, who succeeded to the throne.
1578 – Eighty Years' War: Spain won a crushing victory at the Battle of Gembloux, threatening the States General of the Netherlands and contributing to its move from Brussels to Antwerp.
1957 – A DC-7B operated by Douglas Aircraft collided in mid-air with a U.S. Air Force F-89 and crashed into a schoolyard in Pacoima, California.
1988 – Doug Williams (pictured) became the first African-American quarterback to play in a Super Bowl, leading the Washington Redskins to victory in Super Bowl XXII.
2010 – James Cameron's Avatar became the first film to earn over US$2 billion worldwide.

James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby (b. 1607)
Manuel Alberti (d. 1811)
Eleanor Holm (d. 2004)

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Selected anniversaries / On this day archive

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An archive of historical anniversaries that appeared on the Main Page 2024 day arrangement