List of indigenous peoples
This is a partial list of the world's indigenous / aboriginal / native peoples. Indigenous peoples are any ethnic group of peoples who are considered to fall under one of the internationally recognized definitions of Indigenous peoples, such as United Nations, the International Labour Organization and the World Bank, i.e. "those ethnic groups that were indigenous to a territory prior to being incorporated into a national state, and who are politically and culturally separate from the majority ethnic identity of the state that they are a part of".[1]
Note that this is a listing of peoples, groups and communities. Many of the names are externally imposed, and are not those the people identify within their cultures. As John Trudell observed, "They change our name and treat us the same." Basic to the unethical treatment of indigenous peoples is an insistence that the original inhabitants of the land are not permitted to name themselves. Many tribal groups have reasserted their traditional self-identifying names in recent times,[2] in a process of geographical renaming where "The place-name changes herald a new era, in which Aboriginal people have increasing control over the right to name and govern their homelands."[3]
This list is grouped by region, and sub-region. Note that a particular group may warrant listing under more than one region, either because the group is distributed in more than one region (example: Inuit in North America and eastern Russia), or there may be some overlap of the regions themselves (that is, the boundaries of each region are not always clear and some locations may commonly be associated with more than one region).
Contents
Circumpolar[edit]
Circumpolar peoples is an umbrella term for the various indigenous peoples of the Arctic. List of peoples by ethnolinguistic grouping:
- "Paleosiberian"
- Tungusic
- Evenks, China, Mongolia, Russia
- Chukotko-Kamchatkan
- Tungusic
- Eskimo–Aleut
- Yupik: Alaska and the Russian Far East
- Alutiiq, Alaska
- Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Alaska
- Cupik, Alaska
- Siberian Yupik, Siberia, Russia
- Inuit: Greenland, Northern Canada (Nunavut and Northwest Territories), Alaska
- Kalaallit, Greenland
- Inupiat: Alaska's Arctic and North Slope boroughs and the Bering Straits
- Aleut: Aleutian Islands and Kamchatka Krai
- Yupik: Alaska and the Russian Far East
- Turkic
- Northeast Turks
- Dolgans, Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Krai), Russia
- Sakha (Yakuts), Siberia (Sakha), Russia
- Northeast Turks
- Uralic
- Finno-Ugric
- Ugric peoples, Yugra, Siberia, Russia
- Sami: Northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Kola Peninsula in Russia
- Northern Samoyedic peoples
- Nenets, Russia
- Enets, western Siberia, Russia
- Nganasan, Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia
- Yukaghirs, East Siberia, Russia
- Finno-Ugric
Eastern Hemisphere[edit]
Eastern Hemisphere, from a physical geography point of view, comprises Afro-Eurasia, the continents of Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, the region of Oceania, and associated islands.
Afro-Eurasia[edit]
Afro-Eurasia is the supercontinent comprising the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, and associated islands.
Africa[edit]
The continent of Africa, including associated islands such as Madagascar.
North Africa[edit]
North Africa generally includes African countries with borders on the Mediterranean and northern Red Sea and Atlantic Ocean, bounded largely by the Sahara Desert to the south. Generally includes lands and countries north of the Sahara Desert. Due to ethnic, cultural and climatic characteristics, among others, it is a different region of the African continent, having close ties to Southwest Asia (Middle East).
- Berbers (or Imazighen): Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania
- Copts (Rem en Khēmi/Rem en Kēme): Egypt
- Haratin: Morocco, Mauritania
- Nuba: Sudan
- Nubians: Egypt, Sudan
- Tuareg (or Imuhagh): southern Sahara and Sahel regions of Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso
Sub-Saharan Africa[edit]
Sub-Saharan Africa includes the lands and African countries south of the Sahara desert. It is the biggest part of the African continent and has its own ethnic and cultural characteristics.
Central Africa[edit]
Central Africa generally includes the lands mainly of the Congo River basin, south of the Sahara and west of the East African Rift.
- Pygmy peoples:
- Bedzan: Northern Central Cameroon
- Mbenga:
- Mbuti:
- Twa
- Angola Twa: Northeastern, Eastern and Southern Angola
- Kasai Twa/Kuba Twa: Central Democratic Republic of Congo
- Mbote Twa: Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Northwest of Lake Tanganyika
- Mongo Twa/Ntomba Twa: Western Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tumba, Lake Mai-Ndombe
- Upemba Twa/Luba Twa: Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Upemba Depression
East Africa[edit]
East Africa generally includes the lands from the east of the East African Rift to the Indian Ocean coast.
- Hadza: Tanzania, Singida region: southeast, south and northwest of Lake Eyashi.
- Sandawe: Tanzania, Dodoma region: Kondoa district, between Bubu and Mponde rivers, Singida region.
- Pygmy peoples:
- Twa
- Bangweulu Twa: Northern Zambia, Bangweulu Swamps,
- Great Lakes Twa: Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Kafwe Twa: Southern Zambia, Kafue Flats
- Lukanga Twa: Central Zambia, Lukanga Swamp
- Nsua: Western Uganda
- Twa
West Africa[edit]
West Africa generally includes the region bounded by the Sahara to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south.
- Ogoni people: Nigeria
- Serer people: Senegal, the Gambia, Mauritania, Western Sahara,
- Tuareg: the Sahel
- Toubou: southern Sahara
- Ashanti people: Ghana
- Yoruba people: Nigeria
- Igbo people: Nigeria
Southern Africa[edit]
Southern Africa generally includes lands from the Cape of Good Hope northwards to the borders of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, and islands such as Madagascar.
- Khoikhoi: Southern Africa, Kalahari Desert, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa
- Khoikhoi
- Namaqua/Nama: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa
- Damara
- Haiǁom
- Gǀu and Gǁana
- Naro
- Tsoa/Tshwa/Kua
- San: Kalahari Desert, Botswana/Namibia
- Kx'a/Ju–ǂHoan
- ǃKung/Juu
- ǂ’Amkoe
- ǂKxʼao-ǁʼae (Auen)
- ǃKung/Juu
- Tuu
- ǃKwi (!Ui)
- ǀXam
- ǂKhomani (Nǀu)
- Khwe (Khoi, Kxoe)
- Taa
- ǃXooŋake/Nǀumde
- ǃKwi (!Ui)
- Kx'a/Ju–ǂHoan
Eurasia[edit]
The supercontinent of Eurasia includes both the continents of Asia and Europe.
Asia[edit]
The continent of Asia including: the Asia Minor, south of the Caucasus Mountains, the West Asia to continental Eastern Mediterranean and the Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, North Asia east of the Ural Mountains, Eastern Asia, continental South-East Asia and archipelagic regions of the Pacific and Indian oceans bordering the Australian continental shelf.
North Asia[edit]
North Asia generally includes the Russian Far East and the northern and eastern parts of Siberia.
- Northern indigenous peoples of Russia: Over 40 distinct peoples, each with their own language and culture in the Asiatic part of Russia (Siberia).
- Altayans: Titular nation of Altai Republic
- Buryats:
- Chukchi: Siberia, Russia
- Evenks: China, Mongolia, Russia
- Khakas:
- Koryaks: Russian Far East
- Northern Samoyedic peoples: West Siberia and Far Northern European Russia
- Enets: Far Northern Western Siberia, Russia
- Nenets: Far Northern Western Siberia and Far Northern European Russia
- Nganasan: Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia
- Sakha (Yakut):
- Tungus:
- Tuvans:
- Ugric peoples: Yugra, Western Siberia, Russia
- Khanty: Yugra, Western Siberia, Russia
- Mansi: Yugra, Western Siberia, Russia
- Yukaghirs: Far Northern East Siberia, Russia
- Yupik: Alaska and the Russian Far East
- Siberian Yupik: Siberia, Russia
Central Asia[edit]
Central Asia generally includes the landlocked region east of the Caspian Sea, south of the Russian Taiga, to the Himalayas, and extending eastwards to Mongolia and the western Chinese provinces and autonomous regions.
- Khoid: Mongolia
- Mangud: Historically Mongolia
- Naimans: Inner Mongolia
- Oirats: West Mongolia
- Pamiris: Badakhshan (Afghanistan, Tajikistan), Pamir Mountains, Tashkurgan (in Xinjiang)
- Sartuul: Zavkhan, Mongolia
- Tibetan people: Tibet and neighbouring regions
- Dzungar Oirats: Dzungaria (Northern Xinjiang), China
- Yaghnobi: Tajikistan
East Asia[edit]
East Asia generally includes the People's Republic of China, the Korean Peninsula, and the associated Pacific islands, principally Japan and Taiwan.
- Ainu: Hokkaido, Japan and (until the end of World War II) on Sakhalin Island, Russia
- "Indigenous inhabitants": New Territories, Hong Kong
- Ryukyuans: Ryūkyū Kingdom, now Japan
- Salar people: China
- Taiwanese aborigines: the island of Taiwan
South Asia/Indian Subcontinent[edit]
South Asia generally includes the Indian subcontinental region, adjacent areas, and related islands of the Indian Ocean.
- Adivasi: collective term for many indigenous peoples in India (see also List of Scheduled Tribes in India)
- Munda peoples: Chota Nagpur Plateau, eastern and central India
- Kharia people:
- Korku people:
- Juang people:
- Munda people: Jharkhand, Assam, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Bihar and into parts of Bangladesh
- Santals: Chhattisgarh & West Bengal
- Sora people:
- Badaga: Tamil Nadu, South India
- Bodo-Kachari: Assam (Bodoland), Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India
- Chakma people (Jumma people): Bangladesh, Arunachal Pradesh - North-East India
- Gond: Gondwana Land, Central India
- Indigenous peoples of Sikkim: India
- Irula: Tamil Nadu, South India
- Karbi: Karbi Anglong, Assam, North-East-India
- Khasi-Jaintia: Meghalaya, Assam, North-East India
- Kisan people: indigenous peoples of the Orissa Sundergarh, Odisha, East India
- Kodava people: Kodagu, Karnataka, South India
- Kota: Tamil Nadu, South India
- Kuruba: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, South India
- Ladakhi: Jammu and Kashmir, North India
- Mishmi people: Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India
- Mizo people: Mizoram, North-East India
- Naga: Nagaland, North-East India
- Nocte: Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India
- Raute: Nepal, North India
- Tharu: Nepal, East India
- Toda: Tamil Nadu, South India
- Tripuri (Borok): Tripura, North-East India
- Munda peoples: Chota Nagpur Plateau, eastern and central India
- Burusho: Hunza and Chitral districts, Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan
- Dard: Dardistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan
- Kalasha of Chitral: Ancient pre-Muslim ethnic minority in Chitral District, Northern Pakistan
- Shina: Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan
- Giraavaru people: Maldives
- Marma people: Bangladesh
- Sindhi People: Sindh, Pakistan.
- Vedda people (Wanniyala-Aetto): Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia[edit]
Southeast Asia generally includes the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.
- Akha a.k.a. Aini or Aini-Akha: One of the hill tribes of Thailand, Laos, Burma and China's Yunnan Province
- Cham: of Vietnam and Cambodia
- Degar (Montagnards): of Vietnam
- Khmer Krom: of Vietnam
- Rakhine people: of Arakan in Burma
- Hmong: subgroups of Thailand, Burma, Laos, Vietnam and a Chinese minority
- Karen: an alliance of hill tribes of Burma and Thailand
- Khmuic groups:
- Lahu: One of the hill tribes of Thailand, Burma, Laos and Yunnan.
- Lisu: One of the hill tribes of Burma, Thailand, Arunachal Pradesh, India & Yunnan and Sichuan, China
- Malays: of Malay Peninsular (Southern Burma, Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia)
- Moken people: in Burma, and Thailand
- Negrito:
- Mani: Far Southern Thailand
- Semang (a people of the ethnic groups called by the generic word Orang Asli - Original People): in Peninsular Malaysia
- Proto-Malay (a people of the ethnic groups called by the generic word Orang Asli - Original People): in Peninsular Malaysia
- Senoi (a people of the ethnic groups called by the generic word Orang Asli - Original People): in Peninsular Malaysia)
- Tai/Dai: including Tai Lu, Tai Dam, Tai Nüa, Khün, Phu Thai, in China, Vietnam, Burma, Laos and Thailand
- Yi: in Southern China
- Wa people: One of the hill tribes of Burma and China's Yunnan Province
- Bajau: Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines)
- Dayak of Borneo, (Malaysia and Indonesia)
- Igorot: Cordillera mountains in Luzon in the Philippines
- Lumad: Mindanao in the Philippines
- Malays in Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia
- Moro (Tausug, Maguindanao Maranao and others): Mindanao and Sulu archipelago in the Philippines
- Mangyan: Mindoro in the Philippines
- Negrito:
- Aeta: Luzon, Philippines
- Andamanese, in the Andaman Islands, which include:
- Great Andamanese: formerly at least 10 distinct groups living throughout Great Andaman, now confined to a single community on Strait Island, Andaman Is.
- Jangil (Rutland Jarawa): now extinct, formerly of Rutland Island, Andamans
- Jarawa: South Andaman and Middle Andaman
- Onge: Little Andaman
- Sentinelese: North Sentinel Island, Andaman Islands
- Ati: Panay, Philippines
- Nicobarese people (Holchu): Nicobar Islands, India
- Shompen: Nicobar Islands, India
- Penan: Sarawak, Malaysia
- Pribumi (Native Indonesians): of Indonesia
- Proto-Malay
- Orang Seletar and Orang Laut of Malaysia and Singapore
- Tribes of Palawan: Palawan, Philippines
Western Asia/Southwest Asia[edit]
Western Asia or Southwest Asia (also known as the Middle East) includes the region of the Levant, the Dead Sea Transform, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor (Anatolia), the Caucasus region, the Iranian Plateau and the Arabian Peninsula.
- Aimaqs: West Central Afghanistan, Western Hindu-Kush
- Armenians: The Christian Armenian people were the original inhabitants of what is now modern Eastern Turkey, specifically around Lake Van and the biblical mountain of Ararat and spoke the Western Armenian language. Since the Armenian Genocide in which up to 1,500,000 people perished, the number of the original Armenian inhabitants is almost non-existent and they have since been replaced with ethnic Turks and Kurds.
- Assyrians: Neo-Aramaic speaking people who are indigenous to northern Iraq (which was once part of Assyria), but have also traditionally lived in southeastern Turkey, northeast Syria and northwest of Iran.[6]
- Baluchis: Baluchistan, Southeastern Iran, Southwestern Pakistan, Extreme Southern Afghanistan
- Druze: Jabal al-Druze, Far Southern Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel
- Gilaks and Mazanderanis
- Gilaks: Gilan, Northwestern Iran, South Caspian Sea coast and Elburz Mountains
- Mazanderanis/Mazanis/Tabaris: Mazanderan, Tabaristan, Northern Iran, South Caspian Sea coast and Elburz Mountains
- Harasis: Jiddat al-Harasis, South Oman
- Hazara: Central Afghanistan, Central Hindu Kush Mountains
- Hobyót: Dhofar, South Oman,
- Jews and Samaritans
- Jews: Jews are an ethno-religious people of the Middle East, as recorded in various religious texts, independent historical documents, and verified by DNA testing.[7] After the Romans destroyed Herod's Temple in 70 CE, and enslaved and exiled much of the remaining population in subsequent decades,[8] Jews have largely lived in the Diaspora. Although some small groups, such as the Musta'arabi ("Arabized") Jews, managed to remain over the centuries despite persecution by the various conquerors of the region, many Jews returned during the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as after the modern State of Israel was founded in 1948.
- Samaritans: An ethno-religious group of the Levant, closely related genetically and culturally to the Jewish diaspora and are understood to have branched off from the latter around the time of the Assyrian exile. Religiously, the Samaritans are adherents of Samaritanism, an Abrahamic religion closely related to Judaism. Their sole norm of religious observance is the Pentateuch.[9][10]
- Kumzari people: Northern Musandam, Oman
- Kurds: Kurdistan, Northwestern and Western Iran, Northern Iraq, Northeast and Northern Syria, Southeast Turkey, Zagros and East Anatolian Plateau
- Lak people (Iran): Southwestern Iran, Zagros Mountains
- Laz: Southwestern Georgia, Extreme Northeastern Turkey
- Lurs and Bakhtiaris
- Mandaeans: Southern Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq)
- Marsh Dwellers (Ma'dan): Arabic-speaking group in the Tigris-Euphrates marshlands of southern Iraq / Iranian border[11]
- Mehris and Batharis
- Ossetians: South Ossetia, Georgia, Southern Caucasus Mountains
- Shehris/Jibbalis: Dhofar, Southern Yemen
- Socotris: Soqotra Island, Yemen
- Talysh: Northwestern Iran, Far South Azerbaijan, South Caspian Sea coast and Elburz Mountains
- Tats (Caucasus): East Caucasus Mountains, Azerbaijan
- Tats (Iran): Northwest Iran
- Tsakhur: Azerbaijan, Southern Caucasus Mountains
- Udi: Northern Azerbaijan, Southern Caucasus Mountains
- Yazidis: Nineveh Province, Northern Iraq
- Zaza: Southeastern Turkey, Upper Euphrates river, East Anatolian Plateau
Europe[edit]
The continent of Europe generally refers to the mass of the Eurasian peninsula westwards of the Ural Mountains, the islands of the northern area of the Mediterranean Sea and Eastern North Atlantic Ocean.
- Adyghe: Adyghe Republic, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Aghul: Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Andalusians: Andalucia, Southern part of Spain
- Aragonese: Aragon, Northeast Spain
- Aromanians: Southern Balkans, Northern and Central Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Southern Albania, Southwestern Bulgaria
- Asturians: Asturias, Northern Spain
- Avar people (Caucasus): Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Bashkirs: Bashkir Republic, European Russia
- Basques: Northern Spain and Southern France, Western Pyrenees Mountains
- Bretons: Brittany peninsula, Western France
- Catalans: Catalonia, Valencian Community, Balearic Islands (Paisos Catalans), Eastern Spain
- Canarians: Canary Islands, Spain
- Chechens: Chechenia, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Cherkess: Karachay-Cherkessia, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Chuvash: Chuvash Republic, Russia
- Cornish: Cornwall peninsula, England, United Kingdom
- Corsicans: Corsica, France
- Crimean Karaites: Crimean Peninsula in Southern Ukraine
- Crimean Tatars: Crimean Peninsula in Southern Ukraine
- Dargins: Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Faroese: Faroe Islands, Denmark
- Frisians: Historic Frisia, Northeastern Netherlands, Northwestern Germany
- Gagauz: Gagauzia, Moldova
- Galicians: Galicia, Northwestern Spain
- Gutnish: Gotland Island, Sweden
- Ingush: Ingushetia, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Istro-Romanians: Inland East Istria, Croatia
- Izhorians: Northwest of Russia
- Jasz: Jaszsag, North Central Hungary
- Kabardians: Kabardino-Balkaria, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Karelians: Northwest of Russia
- Kashubians: Northern Poland
- Komi: Komi Republic in Northeast of European Russia
- Ladins: South Tyrol, Trentino, Province of Belluno, Italy
- Lak people (Dagestan): Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Leonese: Leon, Northwestern Spain
- Lezgians: Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Livonians: Extreme northern Courland peninsula, Latvia
- Manx: Isle of Man, Irish Sea/Manx Sea, Northwestern part of Great Britain
- Mari: Middle Volga, European Russia
- Megleno-Romanians: Areas of the border of between Northern Greece (Macedonia) and Republic of Macedonia
- Mordvins: European Russia
- Nenets: Northeastern part of European Russia
- Occitans: Occitania, Southern part of France
- Ossetians: North Ossetia-Alania (Ossetia), European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Romansh: Graubünden (Grisons), Switzerland
- Rusyns: Central Carpathian Mountains, Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland
- Rutul: Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Sami: Northern and central Norway, Sweden, Finland and Kola peninsula in the Northwest of Russia
- Scots: Scotland, United Kingdom
- Silesians: Silesia, Southwestern Poland
- Sorbs: Lusatia, Germany
- Tabasarans: Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
- Udmurts: Udmurt Republic in Northeast of European Russia
- Veps: Republic of Karelia, Northwest of Russia
- Volga Tatars: Tatarstan, European Russia
- Welsh: Wales, Western United Kingdom, who along with the Cornish, form the Brythonic people, the natives of the entire of the island of Great Britain. The Scottish people have a mixed Welsh and Irish ancestry.
Oceania[edit]
Oceania includes most islands of the Pacific Ocean, New Guinea and the continent of Australia.
Australia[edit]
Australia includes the continental landmass, and associated islands.
- Indigenous Australians: Australia
-
- Australian Aborigines
- Djabugay people: Cairns region, Queensland, Australia
- Torres Strait Islanders: Torres Strait, Australia
- Palawa: Tasmania, Australia
- Tiwi: Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia
- Yolngu people: Arnhem Land, Australia
Melanesia[edit]
Melanesia generally includes New Guinea and other (far-)western Pacific islands from the Arafura Sea out to Fiji. The region is mostly inhabited by the Melanesian peoples.
- Fijian: Fiji
- Kanak: New-Caledonia
- Malaitan people: Malaita, Solomon Islands
- Ni-Vanuatu: Vanuatu
- Papuans: more than 250 distinct tribes or clans, each with their own language and culture. The main island of New Guinea and surrounding islands (territory forming independent state of Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian provinces of West Papua and Papua Considered "Indigenous" these people are a subject to many debates.
- Dani: Papua, Indonesia
- Hewa: Southern Highlands, PNG
- Kaluli: Great Papuan Plateau, PNG
- Wopkaimin: western PNG, Star Mountains.
Micronesia[edit]
Micronesia generally includes the various small island chains of the western and central Pacific. The region is mostly inhabited by the Micronesian peoples.
Polynesia[edit]
Polynesia generally includes New Zealand and the islands of the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The region is mostly inhabited by the Polynesian peoples.
- Cook Islands Māori: Cook Islands
- Kanaka Maoli: Hawaii
- Māori: New Zealand Aotearoa
- Moriori: Chatham Islands
- Rapanui: Easter Island
- Samoans: Western Samoa and American Samoa
- Tahitians: Tahiti, French Polynesia
Western Hemisphere[edit]
Western Hemisphere, from a physical geography point of view, comprises the Americas, the continents of North America, South America, and associated islands.
Americas[edit]
The Americas is the supercontinent comprising the continents of North America and South America, and associated islands.
North America[edit]
North America includes all of the continent and islands east of the Bering Strait and north of the Isthmus of Panama; it includes Greenland, Canada, United States, Mexico, Central American and Caribbean countries. However a distinction can be made between a broader North America and a narrower Northern America due to ethnic and cultural characteristics.
Northern America[edit]
Northern America generally includes Canada, the United States and Greenland.
- Alaska Natives
- Indigenous peoples of California
- Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin
- Plains Indians
- Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
- Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
- Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
- Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands
- Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic
- North American Arctic: Aleut, Kalaallit/Inuit, Iñupiat, Métis, Yup'ik, Alutiiq, Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Cupik, Siberian Yupik
Middle America[edit]
Middle America generally includes the countries of the Caribbean, Central America and Mexico.
The Caribbean[edit]
The Caribbean, or West Indies, generally includes the island chains of the Caribbean.
- Carib/Kalinago (Island Caribs): Lesser Antilles. Often called "Island Caribs" (but may have been an older arawak people with a carib conquering warrior elite or influenced by Mainland Caribs. Apparently, the majority of the people spoke an arawakan language and not a carib one.)
- Eyeri/Igneri: Lesser Antilles. An Arawak people, may have been the Kalinago/Island Caribs before caribbeanization. (The Island Caribs had the tradition that the Igneri were the older people of Lesser Antilles but they could have been ancestors of the majority of Island Caribs)
- Galibi/Kalina (Mainland Caribs): Guianas, Venezuela (northern coast of South America)
- Taíno: Amerindians who originally inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean, they are of Arawakan descent.
- Neo-Taíno nations Some scholars distinguish between the Taíno and Neo-Taíno groups. Neo-Taíno groups were also Amerindians of the Antilles islands, but had distinctive languages and cultural practices that differed from the High Taíno.[12] These groups include:
- Ciboney: a term preferred in Cuban historical texts for the neo-Taino-Siboney nations of the island of Cuba.
- Ciguayo: Eastern Hispaniola
- Lucayans: Based in the Bahamas.
- Macorix: Hispaniola.
Central America[edit]
Central America generally includes the countries of the isthmus connecting North and South Americas: Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. It can be included in the broader region of Middle America or the Mesoamerica.
- Achi': Mayan people of Guatemala
- Bokota: Panama
- Boruca: Costa Rica
- Bribri: Costa Rica
- Garífuna: Belize and Honduras
- Chorotega: Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica
- Ch'orti': Mayan people of El Salvador
- Chuj: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Emberá: Panama
- Guaymi: Panama
- Itza: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Ixil: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Jakaltek: Mayan people of Guatemala – also called Poptí
- Tolupan: Honduras
- Kaqchikel: Mayan people of Guatemala
- K'iche': Mayan people of Guatemala
- Kuna: Panama
- Lenca: Honduras and El Salvador
- Maleku: Costa Rica
- Mam: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Miskito: Honduras and Nicaragua
- Mopan: Mayan people of Guatemala and Belize
- Naso: Panama
- Ngöbe–Buglé: Panama
- Pech: Honduras
- Poqomchi': Mayan people of Guatemala
- Poqomam: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Q'anjob'al: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Q'eqchi': Mayan people of Guatemala
- Rama: Nicaragua
- Sumo: Nicaragua
- Tojolabal: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Tz'utujil: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Xinca: Guatemala
Mexico[edit]
Mexico is a country of the North American continent (more specifically it can be included in the Middle America, or the Mesoamerica, due to ethnic and cultural characteristics).
- Amuzgo: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Chocho: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Cocopa: Baja California, Mexico
- Guarijío: Sonora, Mexico
- Kikapú: Coahuila, Mexico
- Paipai: Baja California, Mexico
- Tepehuán: Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico
- Chontal de Oaxaca: Tequistlatecan people of Oaxaca, Mexico
- Chatino: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Chichimeca Jonaz: San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Chinantec: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Ch'ol: Mayan language of Chiapas, Mexico
- Chontal Maya: Mayan language of Tabasco, Mexico
- Cochimí: Baja California, Mexico
- Cora: Jalisco and Nayarit, Mexico
- Cuicatec:Oaxaca, Mexico
- Huastec: San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Huave: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Huichol: Jalisco and Nayarit, Mexico
- Ixcatec: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Kiliwa: Baja California, Mexico
- Kumeyaay: Baja California, Mexico
- Lacandón: Chiapas, Mexico
- Matlatzinca: Mexico (state), Mexico
- Mayo: Sonora, Mexico
- Mazahua: Mexico (state), Mexico
- Mazatec: Puebla and Oaxaca, Mexico
- Mexicanero: Durango, Mexico
- Mixe: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Mixtec: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Nahua: Mexico
- Otomi: Central Mexico, Mexico
- Pame: San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Pima Bajo: Chihuahua, Mexico
- Popoloca: Oaxaca, and Puebla, Mexico
- Purépecha: Michoacán, Mexico
- Seri: Sonora, Mexico
- Tarahumara: Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico
- Tlapanec (Me'phaa): Guerrero, Mexico
- Totonac: Veracruz and Puebla, Mexico
- Trique: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Tzeltal: Chiapas, Mexico
- Tzotzil: Chiapas, Mexico
- Yaqui: Sonora, Mexico
- Yucatec Maya: Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Campeche Mexico
- Zapotec: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Zoque: Oaxaca and Chiapas Mexico
South America[edit]
South America generally includes all of the continent and islands south of the Isthmus of Panama.
- Ache: Paraguay
- Asháninka: Peru
- Awá-Guajá: eastern Amazonian rainforest, Brazil
- Awá-Kwaiker: Northern Ecuador
- Aymara: Peru/Bolivia/Chile
- Ayoreo: the Chaco, Paraguay/Bolivia
- Bora: Colombia/Peru
- Bororo: Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Charrúa: Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina
- Chayahuita: Loreto, Peru
- Cocama-Cocamilla: Loreto, Peru
- Conibo: Ucayali, Peru
- Embera: Colombia/Panamá
- Enxet: Paraguay
- Jivaroan: Loreto and San Martín, Peru
- Guaraní: Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina
- Karajá: Brazil
- Korubu: Brazil
- Kuna: Panama
- Makuxi: Brazil/Guyana
- Mapuche: Chile/Argentina
- Matis: Brazil/Peru
- Matsés: Brazil/Peru
- Nukak: Colombia
- Nasa: Colombia
- Secoya: Loreto, Peru/Ecuador
- Shipibo: Ucayali, Peru*
- Tapirape: Brazil
- Ticuna: Brazil/Peru/Colombia
- Tukano: Colombia
- Tupi: Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina
- Urarina: Chambira Basin, Loreto Peru
- U'wa: Colombia
- Yora: Amazon rainforest, southeast Peru
- Wichí: the Chaco, Argentina/Bolivia
- Warao: of Venezuela's Orinoco River delta region.
- Wayuu Venezuela/Colombia
- YanomamiVenezuela/Brazil
See also[edit]
- List of ethnic groups
- Lists of people by nationality
- Tribe
- Nomad
- Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indigenous people. |
Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
Look up Indigenous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Center for World Indigenous Studies
- Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
- Definitions and identity of indigenous peoples
- Indigenous archaeology
- Indigenous Dialogues
- Indigenous (ecology)
- Indigenous intellectual property
- Indigenous knowledge
- Indigenous language
- Indigenous medicine
- Indigenous music
- International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
- United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
- World Council of Indigenous Peoples
- Working Group on Indigenous Populations
- See all pages that start with indigenous people or indigenous
Notes[edit]
- ^ Sanders, Douglas (1999). "Indigenous peoples: Issues of definition". International Journal of Cultural Property 8 (1): 4–13. doi:10.1017/S0940739199770591.
- ^ Ritzer, G., and Ryan, M.J., eds., The Concise Encyclopedia of Sociology, Wiley, 2011, p.313
- ^ Alia, V., Names and Nunavut: Culture and Identity in Arctic Canada, Berghahn Books, 2008, p.143
- ^ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Philippines: Overview, 2007", UNHCR | Refworld.
- ^ Hanihara, T (1992). "Negritos, Australian Aborigines, and the proto-sundadont dental pattern: The basic populations in East Asia". American journal of physical anthropology 88 (2): 183–96. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330880206. PMID 1605316.
- ^ Unrepresented Nations and People Organization | UNPO, Assyrians the Indigenous People of Iraq [1]
- ^ [2]"Jewish Genetics: Abstracts and Summaries"
- ^ Josephus. War of the Jews 9:2.
- ^ The UN Refugee Agency | UNHCR, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples [3]
- ^ Department of Evolutionary Biology at University of Tartu Estonian Biocentre | Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and Other Israeli Populations From Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation, Molecular Anthropology Group [4]
- ^ Sawahla & Dloomy (2007, pp. 425–433)
- ^ Rouse (1992)
References[edit]
-
- Kipuri, Naomi (2007), "Kenya", in Sille Stidsen (compilation and ed.), The Indigenous World 2007 (PDF online edition), International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs yearbooks (ISSN 1024-0217), Marianne Wiben Jensen (Horn of Africa and East Africa regional ed.), Copenhagen: IWGIA, distributed by Transaction Publishers, pp. 468–476, ISBN 978-87-91563-23-2, OCLC 30981676
- Minority Rights Group International (1997), World Directory of Minorities, London, UK: Minority Rights Group International, ISBN 978-1-873194-36-2
- Rouse, Irving (1992), The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People who greeted Columbus, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-05181-6, OCLC 24469325
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