Heat syncope

Heat syncope is fainting or dizziness as a result of overheating (syncope is the medical term for fainting). It is a type of heat illness. The basic symptom of heat syncope is fainting, with or without mental confusion. Heat syncope is caused by peripheral vessel dilation, resulting in diminished blood flow to the heart and dehydration.

Causes

Heat syncope occurs in a warm environment when blood pressure is lowered as the body dilates (widens) arterioles (small blood vessels) in the skin to radiate heat. This condition occurs within five days of heat acclimatization, before the blood volume expands. The result is less blood to the brain, causing light-headedness and fainting when a person stands up quickly or stands for a long period of time. Those who perform strenuous work outside in warm climates are at particular risk.

Symptoms

Faintness,dizziness,headache,increased pulse, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, and brief loss of consciousness

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of heat syncope is done during a physical examination. During the physical exam the physician will test the blood pressure of the patient, and the pulse. If the patient is experiencing heat syncope the blood pressure will be low, and the pulse will be elevated. Observation of excess sweating will also be a key sign. Finally, the physician will ask questions figuring out the history of the patient's symptoms. If the patient developed symptoms while engaging in physical activity and high temperatures it will then be a true case of heat syncope.

Treatment

The basic treatment for heat syncope is like that for other types of fainting: the patient is positioned in a seating or supine position with legs raised. Water containing salt, or drinkings containing electrolytes should be administered slowly, and the patient is moved to a cooler area, example the shade.

Heat syncope
A Boy Scout at the 1948 Olympic Games faints in the intense heat
Classification and external resources
Specialty	emergency medicine
ICD-10	T67.1
ICD-9-CM	992.1

Patient should also refrain from vigorous activity.

The affected person should rest and recover, because heat syncope can lead to heat stroke or heat exhaustion.

Prevention

Try to avoid physical activity in extremely hot weather. If a patient starts to experience over heating, and symptoms of heat syncope move them to a shaded or cool area. Also try to avoid alcoholic beverages in hot weather, because they cause dehydration which may worsen symptoms. Finally, maintain adequate fluid intake while engaging in physical activity in hot weather.