A biological system is a complex network of biologically relevant entities . As biological organization spans several scales, examples of biological systems are populations of organisms , or on the organ - and tissue scale in mammals and other animals, the circulatory system , the respiratory system , the nervous system , etc.
On the micro - to the nano scopic scale, examples of biological systems are cells , organelles , macromolecular complexes and regulatory pathways.
A biological system is not to be confused with a living system , which is commonly referred to as life . For further information see e.g. definition of life or synthetic biology .
Organ and tissue systems [ edit ] These specific systems are widely studied in Human anatomy . "Human" systems are also present in many other animals.
Circulatory system : pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs with heart , blood and blood vessels .Integumentary system : skin , hair , fat , and nails .Skeletal system : structural support and protection with bones , cartilage , ligaments and tendons .Reproductive system : the sex organs , such as ovaries , fallopian tubes , uterus , vagina , mammary glands , testes , vas deferens , seminal vesicles and prostate Digestive system : digestion and processing food with salivary glands , esophagus , stomach , liver , gallbladder , pancreas , intestines , rectum and anus .Urinary system : kidneys , ureters , bladder and urethra involved in fluid balance, electrolyte balance and excretion of urine .Respiratory system : the organs used for breathing , the pharynx , larynx , bronchi , lungs and diaphragm .Endocrine system : communication within the body using hormones made by endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus , pituitary gland, pineal body or pineal gland, thyroid , parathyroid and adrenals , i.e., adrenal glands.Lymphatic system : structures involved in the transfer of lymph between tissues and the blood stream ; includes the lymph and the nodes and vessels . The lymphatic system includes functions including immune responses and development of antibodies.Muscular system : allows for manipulation of the environment, provides locomotion, maintains posture, and produces heat. Includes skeletal muscles , smooth muscles and cardiac muscle .Nervous system : collecting, transferring and processing information with brain , spinal cord and peripheral nervous system .Immune system : protects the organism from foreign bodies
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