Shinjuku Station

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Shinjuku Station
新宿駅
ShinjyukuSt WestGate.JPG
West Gate of Shinjuku Station.
Location
Prefecture Tokyo
(See other stations in Tokyo)
Ward Shinjuku
History
Year opened 1885
Rail services
Line(s) JR East
Yamanote Line
Chūō Main Line
Chūō-Sōbu Line
Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
Saikyō Line
Odakyu Electric Railway
Odakyu Odawara Line
Keio Corporation
Keiō Line
Keiō New Line
Tokyo Metro
Marunouchi Line
Toei Subway
Toei Shinjuku Line
Toei Ōedo Line
Aiga bus inv.svg Major bus terminal(s) attached to the station

Shinjuku Station (新宿駅 Shinjuku-eki?) is a train station located in Shinjuku and Shibuya wards in Tokyo, Japan.

Serving as the main connecting hub for rail traffic between central Tokyo and its western suburbs on inter-city rail, commuter rail and metro lines, the station was used by an average of 3.64 million people per day in 2007, making it the busiest train station in the world in terms of number of passengers. (For the exact number, see the discussion below.) It is registered with Guinness World Records. Including an underground arcade, there are well over 200 exits.

Contents

[edit] Lines

Shinjuku is served by the following railway systems:

[edit] Station facilities

[edit] JR

The underground concourse of JR Shinjuku Station
A northbound Saikyō Line train bound for Kawagoe takes on passengers at JR Shinjuku Station
Yamanote Line platform during the morning rush hour

The station is centered around facilities servicing the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) lines. These consist of 7 ground level island platforms (14 tracks) on a north-south axis, connected by two overhead and two underground concourses. Most JR services here are urban and suburban mass transit lines, although JR's long-distance express services to Kōfu and Matsumoto on the Chūō Main Line, Narita Express to Narita Airport, and joint operations with Tobu Railway to Nikkō and Kinugawa Onsen also use this station. The JR section alone handles an average of 1.5 million passengers a day.

1/2 Saikyō LineRinkai Line ShibuyaŌsakiShin-Kiba
IkebukuroŌmiyaKawagoe
Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
(Through service for Tōkaidō Line)
YokohamaŌfunaHiratsukaOdawara
Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
(Through service for Yokosuka Line)
Yokohama ・ Ōfuna ・ KamakuraZushi
3/4 Saikyō Line Ikebukuro ・ Ōmiya ・ Kawagoe
Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
(Through service for Takasaki Line)
Ōmiya ・ KumagayaTakasakiMaebashi
Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
(Through service for Utsunomiya Line)
Ōmiya ・ OyamaUtsunomiya
5/6 Ltd. Express Nikkō/Spacia
(through service for Tōbu Nikkō Line) / Home Liner Odawara / Odoriko / Akagi / Moonlight Echigo
Ōmiya ・ TochigiTōbu Nikkō
Narita Express Narita Airport
7/8 Azusa / Home Liner Chiba / Shinjuku Wakashio/Sazanami AkihabaraTokyoChiba
Chūō Line (Rapid) Yotsuya ・ Tokyo


9/10 Chūō Line (Limited Express) Azusa / Kaiji / Chūō Liner / Ōme Liner KōfuMatsumoto
11 Chūō Line (Rapid) Tachikawa ・ Takao (Only for trains originating at this station on weekday mornings)
12 Chūō Line (Rapid) Tachikawa ・ Takao
13 Chūō-Sōbu Line Ochanomizu ・ AkihabaraChiba
14 Yamanote Line (counter-clockwise) Shibuya ・ Shinagawa
15 Yamanote Line (clockwise) Ikebukuro ・ Ueno
16 Chūō-Sōbu Line NakanoMitaka

[edit] Odakyū

The terminus for the private Odakyu Odawara Line is parallel to the JR platforms on the west side, and handles an average of 490,000 passengers daily. This is a major commuter route stretching southwest through the suburbs and out towards the coastal city of Odawara and the mountains of Hakone. The 10 platforms are built on two levels beneath the Odakyu department store; 3 express service tracks (6 platforms) on the ground level and 2 tracks (4 platforms) on the level below. Each track has platforms on both sides in order to completely separate boarding and alighting passengers.

[edit] Ground level

1   (Exit Only)
2・3 Ltd. Express. "Romancecar"  
4・5 Rapid Express  
Express  
Semi-Express  
6   (Exit Only)

[edit] Underground level

7   (Exit Only)
8・9 Sectional Semi-Express ・ Local  
10   (Exit Only)

[edit] Keio

Toei Ōedo Line platforms
Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line platform

The Keiō Line's concourse is located to the west of the Odakyū line concourse, two floors below ground level under Keiō department store. It now consists of 3 platforms stretching north to south. Approximately 720,000 passengers use this section daily, which makes it the busiest amongst the privately owned (i.e. non-JR) railways of Japan. This suburban commuter line links Shinjuku to Hachiōji city to the west.


1 Local Sasazuka ・ Meidaimae ・ Chōfu ・ Keiō-tama-center ・ Hashimoto ・ Keio-Hachiōji ・ Takaosanguchi
2 Express ・ Commuter Rapid ・ Rapid Sasazuka ・ Meidaimae ・ Chōfu ・ Keiō-tama-center ・ Hashimoto ・ Keio-Hachiōji
    (Exit Only)
3 Special Express ・ Semi-Special Express ・ Express ・ Commuter Rapid ・ Sasazuka ・ Meidaimae ・ Chōfu ・ Hashimoto ・ Keio-Hachiōji ・ Takaosanguchi

[edit] Toei Subway

The shared facilities for the Toei Shinjuku subway line and the Keiō New Line consist of 2 platforms stretching east-west 5 floors beneath Kōshū Kaidō avenue to the southwest of the JR section. The concourse is managed by Keio Electric Railway but is in a separate location to the main Keiō platforms. Further south (and deeper underground) are the 2 north-to-south Toei Ōedo subway line platforms.

[edit] Toei Shinjuku Line & Keiō New Line

4 Keiō New Line HatsudaiHatagayaMeidaimaeChōfuHashimoto
5 Toei Shinjuku Line IchigayaŌjimaMoto-Yawata

[edit] Toei Ōedo Line

6 Toei Ōedo Line RoppongiDaimon
7 Toei Ōedo Line TochōmaeHikarigaoka

[edit] Tokyo Metro

Tokyo Metro's two Marunouchi Line underground platforms stretch east-west to the north of the JR and Odakyu facilities, directly below the Metro Promenade underground mall.

1 Marunouchi Line Nakano-sakaueOgikuboHōnanchō
2 Marunouchi Line Akasaka-mitsukeGinzaŌtemachiIkebukuro

[edit] Commercial facilities

South side of Shinjuku Station at night
East exit of Shinjuku Station

Many department stores and shopping malls are built directly into the station. These include

In addition to the above, the Metro Promenade, which is an underground mall owned by Tokyo Metro, extends eastwards from the station beneath Shinjuku-dori avenue, all the way to the adjacent Shinjuku-sanchōme station with 60 exits along the way. The Metro Promenade in turn connects to Shinjuku Subnade, another underground shopping mall, which leads onto Seibu Railway's Seibu-Shinjuku station.

Shinjuku Station is connected by underground passageways and shopping malls to:

Nearby non-connected stations (within 500 meters of an underground passageway or station) include:

[edit] Bus terminals

There is a bus terminal at the west exit servicing both local and long-distance buses, and a JR Highway Bus terminal at the New South Gates.

[edit] Daily entries/exits

The average number of entries and exits per day for the various companies operating at Shinjuku Station is 3,398,006 persons. This is the most of any station in the world. The figures below are the official number of passengers entering and exiting each day released by each train operator; therefore, passengers who transfer between lines of different operators are counted twice.

Operator Number Fiscal year Source Note
JR 1,532,040 2008 766,020 entries. [1] The busiest station in Japan
Odakyū 491,631 2008 [2] The busiest station of Odakyū lines
Keiō 748,803 2008 [3] The busiest station of Japanese private (i.e. non-JR) railways.
Tokyo Metro 232,044 2008 [4] The 5th busiest station of Tokyo Metro.
Toei Shinjuku Line 262,688 2008 135,366 entries and 132,111 exits. [5] The busiest station of Toei subways.
Ōedo Line 130,800 2008 63,682 entries and 66,446 exits. [6]
Shinjuku Totals 3,398,006 2008
Seibu Shinjuku Line 184,118 2008 [7] Connected by Underground city
Shinjuku-nishiguchi Station Toei Ōedo Line 52,889 2008 27,285 entries, 25,604 exits [8] Connected by Underground city
Tocho-mae Station Toei Ōedo Line 38,074 2008 17,668 entries, 20,406 exits [9] Connected by open air underground street and Moving walkway.
Shinjuku-sanchome Station Toei Shinjuku Line 47,842 2008 23,064 entries, 24,778 exits [10] Connected by Underground city
Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line, Fukutoshin Line 92,492 2008 [11]
Nishi-Shinjuku Station Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line 45,670 2008 [12]
Shinjuku and connected stations totals 3,859,091 2008

[edit] History

Shinjuku Station opened in 1885 as a stop on Japan Railway's Akabane-Shinagawa line (now part of the Yamanote Line). Shinjuku was still a quiet community at the time and the station was not heavily trafficked at first. The opening of the Chūō Line (1889), Keiō Line (1915) and Odakyū Line (1923) led to increasing traffic through the station. Subway service began in 1959.

In August 1967, a freight train carrying jet fuel bound for the U.S. air base in Tachikawa derailed and caught fire on the Chūō Rapid tracks.

The station was a major site for student protests in 1968 and 1969, the height of civil unrest in postwar Japan.

There have been plans at various points in history to connect Shinjuku into the Shinkansen network, and the 1973 Shinkansen Basic Plan, still in force, specifies that the station should be the southern terminus of the Jōetsu Shinkansen line to Niigata. While construction of the Ōmiya-Shinjuku link never started and the Jōetsu line presently terminates in Tokyo Station, the right of way, including an area underneath the station, remains reserved.

On May 5, 1995, the Aum Shinrikyo doomsday cult attempted a chemical terrorist attack by setting off a cyanide gas device in a toilet in the underground concourse, barely a month after the gas attack on the Tokyo subway which killed 12 and injured thousands. This time the attack was thwarted by staff who extinguished the burning device.

[edit] Keiō Shinjuku Station

Keiō Shinjuku Oiwake Building, the site of the former terminal

When the Keiō Line extended to Shinjuku in 1915, its terminal was located several blocks east of the government railway (presently JR) station. The terminal was first named Shinjuku-Oiwake Station (新宿追分駅?) and was on the street near the Isetan department store. In 1927, the station was moved from the street to a newly-built terminal adjacent to the original station. The station building housed a department store. The station name was changed to Yotsuya-Shinjuku Station (四谷新宿駅?) in 1930 and again to Keiō Shinjuku Station (京王新宿駅?) in 1937.

The tracks from the terminal were on the Kōshū Kaidō highway, which crosses the Yamanote Line and the Chūō Line in front of the south entrance of Shinjuku Station by a bridge. The Keiō Line had a station for the access to Shinjuku Station, named Teishajō-mae Station (停車場前駅?) and renamed in 1937 Shōsen Shinjuku Ekimae Station (省線新宿駅前駅?).

In July 1945, the terminal of the Keiō Line was relocated to the present location, though on the ground level, on the west side of Shinjuku Station. Keiō Shinjuku Station and Shōsen Shinjuku Ekimae Station were closed. This was because the trains faced difficulty in climbing up the slopes of the bridge over the governmental railway after one of the nearby transformer substations was destroyed by an air raid. The site of Keiō Shinjuku Station near Shinjuku-Sanchōme subway station is now occupied by two buildings owned by Keiō: Keiō Shinjuku Sanchōme Building and Keiō Shinjuku Oiwake Building.

[edit] Adjacent stations

« Service »
East Japan Railway Company
Yamanote Line
Yoyogi - Shin-Ōkubo
Chūō Line
Yoyogi   Local   Ōkubo
Yotsuya Rapid Nakano
Yotsuya Commuter Rapid Nakano
Yotsuya Chūō Special Rapid
Ōme Special Rapid
Nakano
Mitaka(*1)
Yotsuya Commuter Special Rapid Kokubunji
Tokyo Chūō Liner
Ōme Liner
Tachikawa
Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
Ikebukuro Local Shibuya
Ikebukuro Rapid Shibuya
Ikebukuro Special Rapid Shibuya
Saikyō Line
Ikebukuro Local Shibuya
Ikebukuro Rapid Shibuya
Ikebukuro Commuter Rapid Shibuya
Odakyu Electric Railway
Odakyu Odawara Line
Terminus Local Minami-Shinjuku
Terminus Sectional Semi-Express
Semi-Express
Express
Rapid Express
Yoyogi-Uehara
Terminus ("Romancecar") Mukogaoka-Yuen
Shin-Yurigaoka
Machida
Sagami-Ono
Hon-Atsugi
Odawara
Keio Corporation
Keiō Line
Terminus (Local)
(Rapid)
(Commuter Rapid)
(Express)
Sasazuka
Terminus (Semi-Special Express)
(Special Express)
Meidaimae
Keiō New Line
Hatsudai - Through to Toei Shinjuku Line
Subway lines
Toei Shinjuku Line (S 01)
Through to Keiō New Line (Local)
(Rapid)
(Commuter Rapid)
Shinjuku-sanchōme (S 02)
Through to Keiō New Line (Express) ichigaya (S 04)
Toei Ōedo Line (E 27)
Yoyogi (E 26) - Tochōmae (E 28)
Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (M 08)
Nishi-Shinjuku (M 07) - Shinjuku-sanchōme (M 09)

(*1)Only Chūō Special Rapid starting Shinjuku

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Coordinates: 35°41′22″N 139°42′01″E / 35.689475°N 139.700349°E / 35.689475; 139.700349

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