Allen Toussaint

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Not to be confused with Alvin F. Poussaint.
Allen Toussaint
AllenToussaintFreretStFestival2009DSBNOLA (cropped).jpg
Toussaint at the Freret Street Festival,
New Orleans, 2009
Background information
Also known as Al Tousan, Allen Orange, Naomi Neville, Clarence Toussaint
Born (1938-01-14)January 14, 1938
Gert Town, Louisiana, U.S.
Origin New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
Died November 10, 2015(2015-11-10) (aged 77)
Madrid, Spain
Genres R&B, soul, southern soul, funk, blues, jazz
Occupation(s) Musician, composer, arranger, record producer
Instruments Vocals, piano
Years active 1958–2015
Labels RCA Victor, Scepter, Minit, Instant, Reprise, Warner Bros., Nonesuch, Elektra, Rounder
Associated acts Merry Clayton, Venetta Fields, Dr. John, The Meters, Irma Thomas, John Mayall, Etta James, Bonnie Raitt, Rosemary Butler, Elvis Costello, Paul McCartney, The Band, Lee Dorsey, Labelle

Allen Toussaint (/ˈtuːsɑːnt/; January 14, 1938 – November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter, arranger and record producer, who was an influential figure in New Orleans R&B from the 1950s to the end of the century, described as "one of popular music’s great backroom figures."[1] Many other musicians recorded Toussaint's compositions, including "Java", "Mother-in-Law", "I Like It Like That", "Fortune Teller", "Ride Your Pony", "Get Out of My Life, Woman", "Working in the Coal Mine", "Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky", "Here Come the Girls", "Yes We Can Can", "Play Something Sweet", and "Southern Nights". As a producer, his credits included Dr John’s hit "Right Place, Wrong Time", and Labelle's "Lady Marmalade".

External video
Oral History, Allen Toussaint speaks about songwriting and creating music. Interview on March 20, 2015, by NAMM (National Association of Music Merchants) Oral History Library

Biography[edit]

Early life and career[edit]

One of three children, Toussaint was born in 1938 in New Orleans and grew up in a shotgun house in the Gert Town neighborhood, where his mother, Naomi Neville (whose name he later adopted pseudonymously for some of his works), welcomed and fed all manner of musicians as they practiced and recorded with her son. His father, Clarence, worked on the railway and played trumpet.[1] Allen Toussaint learned piano as a child, and took informal music lessons from an elderly neighbor, Ernest Pinn.[2] In his teens he played in a band, the Flamingos, with guitarist Snooks Eaglin,[3] before dropping out of school. A significant early influence on Toussaint was the syncopated "second-line" piano style of Professor Longhair.[4]

After a lucky break at age 17, in which he stood in for Huey "Piano" Smith at a performance with Earl King's band in Prichard, Alabama,[5] Toussaint was introduced to a group of local musicians led by Dave Bartholomew who performed regularly at a night club, the Dew Drop Inn, on Lasalle Street in Uptown.[6] His first recording was in 1957 as a stand-in for Fats Domino on Domino's record, "I Want You to Know", on which Toussaint played piano and Domino overdubbed his vocals.[2] His first success as a producer also came in 1957, with Allen's "Walking With Mr. Lee."[1] He began performing regularly in Bartholomew's band, and recorded with Fats Domino, Smiley Lewis, Lee Allen and other leading New Orleans performers.[3]

After being spotted as a sideman by A&R man Danny Kessler, he initially recorded for RCA Records as Al Tousan. In early 1958 he recorded an album of instrumentals, The Wild Sound of New Orleans, with a band including Alvin "Red" Tyler (baritone sax), either Nat Perrilliat or Lee Allen (tenor sax), either Justin Adams or Roy Montrell (guitar), Frank Fields (bass), and Charles "Hungry" Williams (drums).[7] The recordings included Toussaint and Tyler's composition "Java", which first charted for Floyd Cramer in 1962 and became a #4 pop hit for Al Hirt (also on RCA) in 1964.[8]

Success in the 1960s[edit]

Minit and Instant Records[edit]

In 1960, Joe Banashak of Minit Records, and later Instant Records, hired Toussaint as A&R man and record producer.[2][9] He also did freelance work for other labels, such as Fury. Toussaint played piano, wrote, arranged and produced a string of hits in the early and mid 1960s for New Orleans R&B artists such as Ernie K-Doe, Chris Kenner, Irma Thomas, Art and Aaron Neville, The Showmen, and Lee Dorsey, whose first hit "Ya Ya" he produced, in 1961.[3][1]

The early to mid-1960s are regarded as Toussaint's most creatively successful period.[2] Notable examples of his work are Jessie Hill's "Ooh Poo Pah Doo" – written by Hill, and arranged and produced by Toussaint – Ernie K-Doe's "Mother-in-Law"; and Chris Kenner's "I Like It Like That".[10][9][11] A two-sided 1962 hit by Benny Spellman comprised "Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)", later covered by The O'Jays, Ringo Starr, and Alex Chilton; and the simple but effective "Fortune Teller", which was covered by many 1960s rock groups including The Rolling Stones, The Nashville Teens, The Who, The Hollies, The Throb, and ex-Searchers founder member Tony Jackson.[12][9][13] "Ruler of My Heart", first recorded by Irma Thomas, was subsequently recorded by Otis Redding under the title "Pain in My Heart", and by The Rolling Stones on their second album.[14] In 1964, "A Certain Girl" (originally by Ernie K-Doe) was the B-side of the first single release by The Yardbirds; the song was released again in 1980 by Warren Zevon, then in 2007 by Mary Weiss, former lead singer of the Shangri-Las, as "A Certain Guy".[15]

Toussaint credited about twenty songs to his parents, Clarence and Naomi, sometimes user the pseudonym, "Naomi Neville."[16][17] These include Benny Spellman's 1961 original version of "Fortune Teller" and The Artwoods' 1966 version of "Work, Work, Work". In 2007 Alison Krauss and Robert Plant covered "Fortune Teller" on their album Raising Sand. Toussaint also wrote songs credited as Allen Orange.[18]

Sansu: soul and early New Orleans funk[edit]

See also: soul music and funk

Toussaint was drafted into the US Army in 1963, but continued to record when on leave.[1] After his discharge in 1965, he joined forces with Marshall Sehorn.[19] They started Sansu Enterprises which hosted their own record label, Sansu, variously known as Tou-Sea, Deesu, or Kansu, and recorded with Lee Dorsey, Chris Kenner, Betty Harris and others. Dorsey had hits with several of Toussaint's songs, including "Ride Your Pony" (1965), "Working in the Coal Mine" (1966), and "Holy Cow" (1966).[3][19] The core players who essentially functioned as the rhythm section used on so many of the Sansu era recordings from the mid to late 1960s, Art Neville & The Sounds, consisted of Art Neville on keyboards, Leo Nocentelli on guitar, George Porter on bass, and Zigaboo Modeliste on drums and would later become known as the Meters.[20] Their backing can be heard in songs such as in Dorsey's "Ride Your Pony" and "Working on a Coal Mine," sometimes augmented by horns usually arranged by Toussaint.[21] The Toussaint-produced records of these years backed by the members of the Meters, with their increasing use of syncopation and electric instrumentation, built on the influences of Professor Longhair and others before them, yet updated these strands, effectively paving the way for the development of a modern New Orleans funk sound. [20][22]

Late 1970s to 1990s[edit]
Words and music by Allen Toussaint, from John Mayall's 1976 album Notice to Appear
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Toussaint continued to produce the Meters when they began releasing records under their own name starting in 1969 and as part of a process which had begun at Sansu and would reach fruition in the 1970s, as he evolved to a funkier sound, writing and producing for a host of acts, such as Dr. John, backed by the Meters, on the 1973 album In the Right Place, which spawned a hit with "Right Place, Wrong Time," as well as an album byThe Wild Tchoupitoulas, a New Orleans Mardi Gras Indians tribe led by "Big Chief Jolly" (George Landry) backed by the Meters and several of his nephews, including Art and Cyril Neville of the Meters, as well as their two brothers Charles and Aaron, who would become known as the Neville Brothers.[23][24][25] One of his compositions, "Here Come the Girls," recorded by Ernie K-Doe in 1970, formed the basis of the Sugababes' 2008 hit "Girls".[26]

He also began to work with non-New Orleans artists such as B. J. Thomas, Robert Palmer, Willy DeVille, Sandy Denny, Elkie Brooks, Solomon Burke, Scottish soul singer Frankie Miller (High Life) and southern rocker Mylon LeFevre.[27][28] He arranged horn music for The Band's 1971 album Cahoots, plus Rock of Ages and The Last Waltz film, in conjunction with arranging horn parts for their concert repertoire.[29][30][31] Boz Scaggs recorded Toussaint's "What Do You Want the Girl to Do?" on his 1976 album Silk Degrees, which reached #2 on the U.S. pop albums chart. The song was also recorded by Bonnie Raitt for her 1975 album Home Plate, and later by Geoff Muldaur (1976), Lowell George (1979), Vince Gill (1993) and Elvis Costello (2005).[32] In 1976 he also collaborated with John Mayall on the album Notice to Appear.[33]

In 1973 Toussaint and Sehorn created the Sea-Saint recording studio in the Gentilly section of eastern New Orleans.[34][35] Toussaint also began recording under his own name, contributing vocals as well as piano. His solo career peaked in the mid-1970s with the albums From a Whisper to a Scream and Southern Nights.[36][37] It was during this time that he teamed with Labelle, and produced their highly acclaimed 1975 album Nightbirds, which spawned the number one hit, "Lady Marmalade". The same year, Toussaint collaborated with Paul McCartney and Wings for their hit album Venus and Mars and played on the song "Rock Show". Two years later, Glen Campbell covered Toussaint's "Southern Nights" and carried the song to number one on the Pop, Country and Adult-Contemporary charts.[38]

In 1987, he was the musical director for an off Broadway show, Staggerlee, which ran for 150 performances.[2][39] Along with many of his contemporaries, Toussaint found that interest in his compositions was rekindled when his work began to be sampled by hip hop artists in the 1980s and 1990s.[40][41]

2000s[edit]

Toussaint performing in Stockholm in 2009

Most of Toussaint's possessions including his home and recording studio, Sea Saint, were lost during Hurricane Katrina in 2005.[42][43][42] He initially sought shelter at the Astor Crowne Plaza Hotel on Canal Street.[42] Following the hurricane, whose aftermath left most of the city flooded, he left New Orleans for Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and for several years settled in New York City. His first television appearance after the hurricane was on the September 7, 2005, episode of the Late Show with David Letterman, sitting in with Paul Shaffer and his CBS Orchestra. Toussaint performed regularly at Joe's Pub in New York City through 2009.[44] He eventually returned to New Orleans and lived there for the remainder of his life.[45]

The River in Reverse, Toussaint's collaborative album with Elvis Costello, was released on May 29, 2006, in the UK on the Verve label by Universal Classics and Jazz UCJ. It was recorded in Hollywood and, notably, in Toussaint's native New Orleans as the first major studio session to take place after Hurricane Katrina. In 2007, Toussaint performed a duet with Paul McCartney of a song by fellow New Orleans musician and resident Fats Domino, "I Want to Walk You Home", as their contribution to Goin' Home: A Tribute to Fats Domino (Vanguard).[46]

In 2008, Toussaint's song "Sweet Touch of Love" was used in a deodorant commercial for the Axe (Lynx) brand. The commercial won a Gold Lion at the 2008 Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival. In February 2008, Toussaint appeared on Le Show, the Harry Shearer show broadcast on KCRW. He appeared in London in August 2008, where he performed a gig at the Roundhouse.[47] In October 2008 he performed at Festival New Orleans at The O2 alongside acts such as Dr. John and Buckwheat Zydeco.[48] Sponsored by Quint Davis of the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival and Philip Anschutz, the event was intended to promote New Orleans music and culture and to revive the once-lucrative tourist trade that had been almost completely lost following the flooding that came with Hurricane Katrina.[48] After his second performance at the festival, Toussaint appeared alongside then-Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana, Mitch Landrieu.[49]

Toussaint performed instrumentals from his then-recent album, The Bright Mississippi, as well as many songs from his back catalog for a taping of the PBS series Austin City Limits, which aired on January 9, 2015, during the show's 35th anniversary season.[50][51] In December 2009, he was featured on Elvis Costello's Spectacle program on the Sundance Channel,[52] singing "A Certain Girl".[53] Toussaint appeared on Eric Clapton's 2010 album, Clapton, in two Fats Waller covers, "My Very Good Friend the Milkman" and "When Somebody Thinks You're Wonderful".[54]

His late-blooming career as a performer began when he accepted an offer to play a regular Sunday brunch session at an East Village pub. Interviewed in 2014 by The Guardian′s Richard Williams, Toussaint said: "I never thought of myself as a performer.... My comfort zone is behind the scenes." In 2013 he collaborated on a ballet with the choreographer Twyla Tharp.[1] Toussaint was a musical mentor to Swedish-born New Orleans songwriter and performer Theresa Andersson.[55]

Honors[edit]

Allen Toussaint receiving the National Medal of Arts in 2013

In 1998 Toussaint was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2009 into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame. On May 9, 2011, he was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame. In 2013 he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama.[56]

Death[edit]

Toussaint died in the early hours of November 10, 2015, while in Madrid, Spain, on tour. Following a concert at the Teatro Lara on Calle Corredera Baja de San Pablo, he suffered a heart attack at his hotel and was pronounced dead on his arrival at hospital.[57] He was 77. He had been due to perform in a sell-out concert at the EFG London Jazz Festival at The Barbican on November 15 with his band and Theo Croker. He was also to play with Paul Simon at a benefit concert in New Orleans on 8 December.[4]

Toussaint’s two marriages ended in divorce.[4] He is survived by his two children, son Clarence (better known as Reginald) and daughter Alison, and by several grandchildren. His children had managed his career in recent years.[58][59]

Writing in The New York Times, Ben Sisario quoted Quint Davis, producer of the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival: "In the pantheon of New Orleans music people, from Jelly Roll Morton to Mahalia Jackson to Fats—that’s the place where Allen Toussaint is in". Paul Simon said: "We were friends and colleagues for almost 40 years.... We played together at the New Orleans jazz festival. We played the benefits for Katrina relief. We were about to perform together on December 8. I was just beginning to think about it; now I’ll have to think about his memorial. I am so sad."[59]

The Daily Telegraph described Toussaint as "a master of New Orleans soul and R&B, and one of America’s most successful songwriters and producers", adding that "self-effacing Toussaint played a crucial role in countless classic songs popularised by other artists". He had written so many songs, over more than five decades, that he admitted to forgetting quite a few.[4]

Discography[edit]

Albums[edit]

Solo[edit]

  • The Wild Sound of New Orleans (1958)
  • From a Whisper to a Scream (1970)
  • Toussaint (1971)
  • Life, Love and Faith (1972)
  • Southern Nights (1975)
  • Motion (1978)
  • I Love A Carnival Ball, Mr Mardi Gras Starring Allen Toussaint (1987)
  • The Allen Toussaint Collection (1991)
  • The Wild Sound of New Orleans: The Complete 'Tousan' Sessions (1994)
  • Connected (1996)
  • A New Orleans Christmas (1997)
  • A Taste Of New Orleans (1999)
  • Finger Poppin' & Stompin' Feet (2002)
  • Allen Toussaint's Jazzity Project: Going Places (2004)
  • The Complete Warner Bros. Recordings (2005)
  • I Believe To My Soul (2005)
  • The River in Reverse, with Elvis Costello (2006)
  • The Bright Mississippi (2009)
  • Songbook (2013)

Other contributions as performer[edit]

Source:[60]

Singles[edit]

Chart hit compositions[edit]

Year Song[18] Co-writer(s) with Toussaint, and notes[18] First chart recording[18] U.S. Pop[61] U.S. R&B[62] UK Singles Chart[63] Other charting versions,[18] and notes
1960 "Over You" - (Composition credited to Allen Orange) Aaron Neville - 21 - -
1961 "Mother-in-Law" - Ernie K-Doe 1 1 29 1965: The Kingsmen on the album The Kingsmen Volume 3
1973: Clarence Carter, #80 US pop, #24 R&B
"I Like It Like That" Chris Kenner Chris Kenner 2 2 - 1965: The Dave Clark Five, #7 US pop
1966: The Kingsmen on the album The Kingsmen On Campus
1975: Kenny Loggins & Jim Messina, #84 US pop
"I Cried My Last Tear" - (Composition credited to Naomi Neville) Ernie K-Doe 69 - - -
"A Certain Girl" - (Composition credited to Naomi Neville) Ernie K-Doe 71 - - 1964: The Yardbirds (as a b-side)
1980: Warren Zevon, #57 US pop; from the album Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School
1962 "Java" Alvin Tyler, Freddy Friday, Marilyn Schack Floyd Cramer 49 - - First recorded by Toussaint (as Tousan) in 1958, on the album The Wild Sound of New Orleans[64][65]
1964: Al Hirt, #4 US pop
The Beautiful South released a version as a b-side on the 1994 single "One Last Love Song".
"Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)" - (Composition credited to Naomi Neville) Benny Spellman 80 28 - 1965: The O'Jays, #48 US pop, #28 R&B
1963 "Pain in My Heart" - (Composition credited to Naomi Neville) Otis Redding 61 11 - First recorded in 1963 by Irma Thomas as "Ruler of my Heart". The writing credit on Redding's version was originally given to Redding himself, but was changed to Naomi Neville following an out of court settlement.[66]
1965: The Rolling Stones on The Rolling Stones No. 2
1965 "Strain on My Heart" - (Composition credited to Allen Orange) Roscoe Shelton - 25 - -
"Whipped Cream" - (Composition credited to Naomi Neville) Herb Alpert's Tijuana Brass 68 - - First recorded by The Stokes in 1965[67]
Title track for the 1965 Herb Alpert album Whipped Cream & Other Delights
"Ride Your Pony" - (Composition credited to Naomi Neville) Lee Dorsey 28 7 - -
"I've Cried My Last Tear" - (Composition credited to Naomi Neville) The O'Jays 94 - - -
1966 "Get Out of My Life, Woman" - Lee Dorsey 44 5 22 1966: The Paul Butterfield Blues Band on the album East-West
The Kingsmen on the album The Kingsmen On Campus
The Q65 (The Hague, Netherlands) on the album Revolution
The Leaves on the album Hey Joe
1967: Iron Butterfly on the album Heavy
The Doors' version of "Get Out Of My Life Woman" was recorded in 1967 but only released in 2008 on the CD release of Live at the Matrix.
1972: Spirit on the album The Original Potato Land
The Jerry Garcia Band performed the song during the 1980s and 1990s and a live version of that song is on the Jerry Garcia Band live album of 1991.[68]
1992: Gerry Rafferty on the album On a Wing and a Prayer
Nils Landgren & Joe Sample covered the song on the 2006 album Creole Love Song
The Derek Trucks Band on the live album Road Songs recorded during their 2009 tour.
"Easy Going Fellow" - (Composition credited to Allen Orange) Roscoe Shelton - 32 - -
"Confusion" - Lee Dorsey - - 38 -
"All These Things" - (Composition credited to Naomi Neville) The Uniques 97 - - -
"Working in the Coal Mine" - Lee Dorsey 8 5 8 1981: ("Working in a Coal Mine") Devo, #43 US pop, #76 UK. First released on the Heavy Metal soundtrack and as a bonus track for the Devo album New Traditionalists.[69]
1985: The Judds on the album Rockin' with the Rhythm.
"Holy Cow" - Lee Dorsey 23 10 6 1973: The Band on their Moondog Matinee album
"Fortune Teller" - (Composition credited to Naomi Neville) The Hard Times 97 - - First recorded in 1962 by Benny Spellman as the b-side of "Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)"
1966: The Throb, Top 5 in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.[70][71]
2007: Robert Plant and Alison Krauss on the album Raising Sand.
1967 "My Old Car" Bill Backer Lee Dorsey 97 - - -
"Nearer to You" - Betty Harris 85 16 - -
"Go-Go Girl" - Lee Dorsey 62 31 - -
1968 "Can You Hear Me" - Lee Dorsey - - 53 -
1969 "Everything I Do Gonh Be Funky (From Now On)" - Lee Dorsey 95 33 - Most later versions use the spelling "...Gonna...."
"It's Hard to Get Along" Joe Simon (Co-credited to Allen Orange) Joe Simon 87 26 - -
1970 "Yes We Can" - Lee Dorsey - 46 - 1973: ("Yes We Can Can") The Pointer Sisters, #11 US pop, #12 R&B
"Chicken Strut" Ziggy Modeliste, Leo Nocentelli, George Porter Jr. (Co-credited to Naomi Neville) The Meters 50 11 - -
"Greatest Love" - Judy Clay - 45 - -
"Hand Clapping Song" Ziggy Modeliste, Leo Nocentelli, George Porter Jr. (Co-credited to Naomi Neville) The Meters 89 26 - -
1973 "Whoever's Thrilling You (Is Killing Me)" - Rufus - 40 - -
"Freedom for the Stallion" - The Hues Corporation 63 - - First recorded by Lee Dorsey in 1972.
1972:Boz Scaggs on his album My Time
1974 "Play Something Sweet (Brickyard Blues)" - Three Dog Night 33 - - First recorded by Sylvester in 1972
1974: Maria Muldaur on her album Waitress in the Donut Shop
Frankie Miller on his album High Life and as a single
B. J. Thomas on his album, Longhorns & Londonbridges
Three Dog Night's version was included on the album Hard Labor.
"I Keep On Lovin' You" - Z. Z. Hill - 39 - -
1975 "Shoorah! Shoorah!" - Betty Wright - 28 27 1976: ("Shoora Shoora") Jenny Jackson, #75 R&B
"Going Down Slowly" - The Pointer Sisters 61 16 - -
1977 "A Dreamer of a Dream" - Candi Staton - 37 - -
"Southern Nights" - Glen Campbell 1 - 28 First recorded by Toussaint in 1975 on the album Southern Nights[72]
1978 "Night People" - Lee Dorsey - 93 - -
"Girl Callin'" - Chocolate Milk - - 14 -
"Fun Time" - Joe Cocker 43 - - -
1979 "Keep It Together (Declaration of Love)" - Rufus - 16 - -
"Happiness" - The Pointer Sisters 30 20 - -
1980 "Release (The Tension)" - Patti LaBelle - 61 - -
1981 "It's Raining" - (Composition credited to Naomi Neville) Shakin' Stevens - - 10 First recorded by Irma Thomas in 1962[73]
1983 "Do It Any Way You Want" - Robert Winters & Fall - 39 - On Casablanca Records[74]
2007 "Here Come the Girls" - Ernie K-Doe - - 43 First released by K-Doe in 1970
2008: ("Girls") Sugababes, #3 UK

Other compositions credited as Naomi Neville[edit]

  • Real Man (1961)
  • Do-Re-Mi (1961)
  • Get Out Of My House (1962)
  • Hey, Hey, Hey (1962)
  • What Are You Trying To Do (1965)
  • Meter Strut (1970)
  • Hello My Lover (1972)
  • I Did My Part (1981)
  • Work, Work, Work (1995)

Source: [16]

Other compositions credited as Clarence Toussaint[edit]

  • True Love Never Dies (1961)[17]

Other songs[edit]

  • Aaron Neville recorded his song "Hercules" as a single in 1973. Boz Scaggs recorded "Hercules" for his album Slow Dancer. Paul Weller covered "Hercules" on the 2004 album Studio 150.
  • Van Dyke Parks recorded "Occapella" and "Riverboat" on his second album Discover America in 1972. Ringo Starr recorded "Occapella" in 1974 on his album Goodnight Vienna.
  • The Band recorded "You See Me" on their Jubilation album (1998).[75][76]
  • Little Feat recorded "On Your Way Down" on the album Dixie Chicken.[77] They band performed the song during their 1974 tour; it appears as a bonus track on the re-release of their live album, Waiting for Columbus.[78] The Tommy Talton Band recorded "On Your Way Down" in 2009 for the album Live Notes From Athens.
  • Bonnie Raitt recorded "What Is Success" in 1974 on her Streetlights LP, and "What Do You Want the Boy to Do?" in 1975, on Home Plate.[79]
  • Bo Diddley recorded "Going Down" in 1972 on his album The London Bo Diddley Sessions.
  • Boz Scaggs recorded "Hello My Lover" on his 1972 album My Time, and "What Do You Want the Girl to Do?" for his 1976 album Silk Degrees.
  • Lowell George recorded "What Do You Want the Girl to Do?" for his 1979 solo album Thanks, I'll Eat it Here.
  • Robert Palmer recorded "Sneakin' Sally Through The Alley" and "From A Whisper To A Scream" on the album Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley in 1974. Palmer also recorded "River Boat" for the album Pressure Drop in 1975, and "Night People" for the album Double Fun in 1978.
  • Ringo Starr recorded "Sneakin' Sally Through The Alley" in 1977 on his album Ringo the 4th. Phish covered "Sneakin' Sally Through The Alley" as well as "On Your Way Down" numerous times in concert, dating as far back as 1985.[80]
  • Helen Reddy covered "Optimism Blues" on her 1981 album Play Me Out.
  • Widespread Panic covered "On Your Way Down" in 2009 and also at their 2010 New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival Performance. Trombone Shorty covered "On Your Way Down" on his 2010 CD Backatown, featuring Toussaint on piano.
  • The song "I Feel Good", written under the pseudonym Naomi Neville and originally released in the US by Benny Spellman (1965), was a major hit in New Zealand for Larry's Rebels (1966) and later Citizen Band (Studio and live versions – 1978). It was recorded by Greg Anderson (Australia, 1966), Chants R&B (New Zealand 1966 live recording, released 2008), The Artwoods (UK, 1966 – Single on Decca by R&B band led by Art Wood, brother of Ron Wood. Members included Jon Lord, later of Deep Purple), The Kuhtze Band (New Zealand, 1987), The Gavin Burgess Band (1997 Live recording, released 2012).[81]

Video[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Richard Williams, "Allen Toussaint obituary", The Guardian, November 11, 2015. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e Grace Lichtenstein, Laura Dankner, Musical Gumbo: The Music of New Orleans, W.W. Norton, 1993, pp. 110-122.
  3. ^ a b c d Steve Huey, Biography, AllMusic. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d "Allen Toussaint, songwriter - obituary", The Telegraph, November 12, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  5. ^ "Allen Toussaint profile at". NYNO Records. Retrieved April 1, 2012. 
  6. ^ Alison Fensterstock, "On Top of the Charts: Allen Toussaint is as sharp and prolific as ever", Gambit Weekly (New Orleans), May 1, 2007, p. 23 (archives online at Bestofneworleans.com).
  7. ^ Lindsay Planer, Review of The Wild Sound of New Orleans, AllMusic. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  8. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996). Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles. Menomonee Falls, WI: Record Research Inc. ISBN 0-89820-104-7. 
  9. ^ a b c "Allen Toussaint Biography". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc. Retrieved November 20, 2015. 
  10. ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Biography by Jason Ankeny". All Media Network, LLC. Retrieved November 20, 2015. 
  11. ^ "Chris Kenner Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Retrieved November 20, 2015. 
  12. ^ Hamilton, Andrew. "The O' Jays--Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette): Song Review by Andrew Hamilton". AllMusic. All Media Network, LLC. Retrieved November 20, 2015. 
  13. ^ Marks and McIntyre, Ian D. and Iain (2010). Wild About You: The Sixties Beat Explosion in Australia (First ed.). Portland/London/Melbourne: Verse Chorus Press. pp. 49, 51–52 54. ISBN 978-1-891241-28-4. 
  14. ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Irma Thomes--Ruler of My Heart: song Review". AllMusic. All Media Network, LLC. Retrieved November 20, 2015. 
  15. ^ Erlewine, Stephen. "Allen Toussaint--Finger Poppin' and Stompin' Feet: 20 Classic Allen Toussaint Productions for Minit...: Review". AllMusic. All Media Network, LLC. Retrieved November 20, 2010. 
  16. ^ a b "Artist page for Naomi Neville on uk-charts.com". uk-charts.com. Retrieved June 18, 2014. 
  17. ^ a b "Artist page for Clarence Toussaint on uk-charts.com". uk-charts.com. Retrieved June 18, 2014. 
  18. ^ a b c d e Songs written by Allen Toussaint, MusicVF.com. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  19. ^ a b Ankeny, Jason. "Marshall Sehorn". AllMusic. All Media Network, LLC. Retrieved November 20, 2015. 
  20. ^ a b "The Meter Men featuring Ivan Neville". Tulane University. Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118: Tulane University. Retrieved November 20, 2015. 
  21. ^ "The Meters". Encyclopedia.com. Cengage Learning. 2004. Retrieved November 20, 2015. 
  22. ^ Stewart, Alexander (2000: 298). "Funky Drummer: New Orleans, James Brown and the Rhythmic Transformation of American Popular Music." Popular Music, v. 19, n. 3. Oct., 2000), p. 297. - Dr. John quoted describing Professor Longhair's influence on New Orleans funk.
  23. ^ Chrispell, James. "In the Right Place". AllMusic. All Media Network, LLC. Retrieved November 21, 2015. 
  24. ^ Christgau, Robert. "The Wild Tchoupitoulas". Robert Christgau. Robert Christgau. Retrieved November 21, 2015. 
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External links[edit]

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Awards
First
None recognized before
 AMA Lifetime Achievement Award for Producer/Engineer
2006		 Succeeded by
Jim Dickinson
Allen Toussaint
Studio albums
Video albums
Songs
Performers
Early influences
Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)
  • Allen Toussaint
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