Robert Lewis Dabney

Robert Lewis Dabney
Born	March 5, 1820
Died	January 3, 1898
Education	Hampden-Sydney College University of Virginia Union Theological Seminary
Occupation	Theologian, educator, architect
Parent(s)	Charles Dabney Elizabeth Randolph Price Dabney.

Robert Lewis Dabney (March 5, 1820 – January 3, 1898) was an American Christian theologian, Southern Presbyterian pastor, Confederate States Army chaplain, and architect. He was also chief of staff and biographer to Stonewall Jackson. His biography of Jackson remains in print today.

Dabney and James Henley Thornwell were two of Southern Presbyterianism's most influential scholars. They were both Calvinist, Old School Presbyterians, and social conservatives. Some conservative Presbyterians, particularly within the Presbyterian Church in America and the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, still value their theological writings, although both these churches have repudiated Dabney's and Thornwell's beliefs on race and support of Antebellum slavery.

Biography

Early life

Robert Lewis Dabney was born on March 5, 1820. He was the sixth child (third son) of Charles Dabney and Elizabeth Randolph Price Dabney. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1837, and received a Master's degree from the University of Virginia in 1842. He graduated from Union Theological Seminary in 1846.

Career

He served as a missionary in Louisa County, Virginia, from 1846 to 1847 and pastor at Tinkling Springs Presbyterian Church from 1847 to 1853, being also head master of a classical school for a portion of this time. He is considered a distinguished son of Providence Presbyterian Church. It was at Tinkling Springs that he met Margaret Lavinia Morrison. They were married on March 28, 1848. They had six sons together, three of whom died in childhood from diphtheria (two in 1855, the other in 1862). From 1853 to 1859, he was professor of ecclesiastical history and polity and from 1859 to 1869 adjunct professor of systematic theology in Union Theological Seminary, where he later became full professor of systematics. In 1883, he was appointed professor of mental and moral philosophy in the University of Texas.

By 1894, failing health compelled him to retire from active life, although he still lectured occasionally. He was co-pastor, with his brother-in-law B. M. Smith, of the Hampden-Sydney College Church 1858 to 1874, also serving Hampden-Sydney College in a professorial capacity on occasions of vacancies in its faculty. Dabney, whose wife was a first cousin to Stonewall Jackson's wife, participated in the Civil War: during the summer of 1861 he was chaplain of the 18th Virginia Infantry in the Confederate army, and in the following year was chief of staff to Jackson during the Valley Campaign and the Seven Days Battles.

After the Civil War, Dabney spoke widely on Jackson and the Confederacy. He continued to hold pro-slavery views typical in the South before the Civil War, and his continued support of slavery in speeches and a book published after the war and his strong loyalty to the Confederacy until the 1890s made him a visible figure in the post-war South (Hettle, 2003). While at the University of Texas he practically founded and maintained the Austin School of Theology (which later became Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary), and in 1870 was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States. Dabney's remains were returned to Hampden-Sydney College where he was buried.

College Church at Hampden–Sydney College, c. 1860, designed by Dabney.

Architecture

Dabney's designs for the Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church and for two other churches in Virginia are credited with influencing church architecture in Virginia. Three works associated with Dabney are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places: Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church; Briery Church, in Briery, Virginia; and New Providence Presbyterian Church, near Brownsburg, Virginia.

Death

He died on January 3, 1898 due to complications from an acute illness.

Major works

• Memoir of Rev. Dr. Francis S. Sampson (1855), whose commentary on Hebrews he edited (1857)
• Life of General Thomas J. Jackson (1866)
• A Defense of Virginia, and Through Her, of the South, in Recent and Pending Contests Against the Sectional Party (1867), an apologia for the Confederacy.
• Lectures on Sacred Rhetoric (1870)
• Syllabus and Notes of the Course of Systematic and Polemic Theology (1871; 2nd ed. 1878), later republished as Systematic Theology.
• Systematic Theology (1878)
• Sensualistic Philosophy of the Nineteenth Century Examined (1875; 2nd ed. 1887)
• Practical Philosophy (1897)
• Penal Character of the Atonement of Christ Discussed in the Light of Recent Popular Heresies (1898, posthumous), on the satisfaction view of the atonement.
• Discussions (1890–1897), Four volumes of his shorter essays, edited by C. R. Vaughan.

Bibliography

• Johnson, T. C. J (1903). Life and Letters of Robert Lewis Dabney.
• Hettle, Wallace (2003). "The Minister, the Martyr, and the Maxim: Robert Lewis Dabney and Stonewall Jackson Biography," in Civil War History, Volume 49, Number 4, December 2003, pp. 353–369.
• Lucas, Sean Michael (2005). Robert Lewis Dabney: A Southern Presbyterian Life. See also the review by Iain D Campbell.
• Smith, Morton H. (1962). Studies in Southern Presbyterian Theology. ISBN 0-87552-449-4
• Woods, Henry M. (1936) "Robert Lewis Dabney: Prince Among Theologians and Men", a memorial address delivered at Stonewall Church, Appomattox, Virginia, celebrating the founding of the Southern Presbyterian Church in 1861. (PDF)

External links

• "Christ Our Substitute", a Dabney message later published as a tract.
• "Five Points of Calvinism" by R. L. Dabney.
• "From the Seventh Day to the First", Dabney's discussion of the proper day of the week for the Christian Sabbath.
• A Defence of Virginia, (scanned page images)
• A Defence of Virginia, (PDF download)
• DabneyArchive.com, an online repository for Dabney's works, with embedded searchable OCR.
• Robert Lewis Dabney in Encyclopedia Virginia

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914). "^{article name needed}". New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.