Kalapuyan languages
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kalapuya | |
---|---|
Ethnicity: | Kalapuya people |
Geographic distribution: |
Northwest Oregon |
Linguistic classification: | Penutian ?
|
Glottolog: | kala1402[1] |
![]() |
Kalapuyan (also Kalapuya) is a small extinct language family that was spoken in the Willamette Valley of Western Oregon, United States. It consists of three languages.
Family division[edit]
Kalapuyan consists of
- 1. Northern Kalapuya (AKA Tualatin–Yamhill)
- 2. Central Kalapuya (AKA Santiam)
- 3. Yoncalla (AKA Southern Kalapuya)
Genetic relations[edit]
One of the boulders engraved with Kalapuyan words along the paths of east Alton Baker Park in Eugene, Oregon; this one is next to the Willamette River: Whilamut (meaning, Where the river ripples and runs fast)
Kalapuyan is usually connected with the various Penutian proposals, most recently as part of an Oregon Penutian branch along with Takelma, Siuslaw, and Coosan. A special relationship with Takelma had been proposed, together forming a Takelman family; however, subsequent research found evidence against such a relationship.
References[edit]
- ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Kalapuyan". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9.
- Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
- Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978–present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1-3, 16, 18-20 not yet published).
External links[edit]
- The Verbal Morphology of Santiam Kalapuya (Northwest Journal of Linguistics)
|
|
![]() |
This Oregon-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
![]() |
This article relating to the Indigenous peoples of the Americas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
This indigenous languages of the Americas–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |