List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)
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Humboldt University, founded in Berlin in 1810, was a much emulated model of a modern university in the 19th century (photochrom from 1900).[1]
The list of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945) contains all universities which existed in Europe between the French Revolution and the end of World War II. Universities are regarded as comprising all institutions of higher education recognized as universities by the public or ecclesiastical authorities in charge and authorized to confer academic degrees in more than one faculty.[2] Temporary foundations are also included.
At the outset of the 19th century, European universities had been severely affected by the Napoleonic Wars, their number falling in the brief span of time between 1789 and 1815 by sixty to 83.[3] By 1840 their number recovered to 98 universities with approximately 80,000 students and 5,000 professors.[3] Notwithstanding the trend towards specialized institutions of higher learning – in France, for instance, the universities had been suppressed and replaced by Grandes écoles –, the size of the student and professor bodies multiplied over the next hundred years, attaining a size of 600,000 and 32,000 members respectively at around two hundred universities.[3] In total, the period saw about 220 universities in existence that are listed below.[2][A 1]
Contents
List[edit]
The list is sorted by the date of recognition. At places where more than one university was established, the name of the institution is given in brackets.
12th century[edit]
| Recognized | University | Modern country |
|---|---|---|
| end 12th c.[2] | Bologna | Italy |
13th century[edit]
| Recognized | University | Modern country |
|---|---|---|
| beginning 13th c.[2] | Paris | France |
| beginning 12th c.[2] | Oxford | England |
| beginning 13th c.[2] | Montpellier | France |
| 1209–25[2] | Cambridge | England |
| 1218/19[2] | Salamanca | Spain |
| 1222[2] | Padua | Italy |
| 1224[2] | Naples | Italy |
| 1233[2] | Toulouse | France |
| c.1235[2] | Orléans | France |
| 1246[2] | Siena | Italy |
| end 13th c.[2] | Valladolid | Spain |
| 1290[2] | Lisbon | Portugal |
| 1297 | Lleida | Spain |
14th century[edit]
| Recognized | University | Modern country |
|---|---|---|
| 1303[2] | Rome (Sapienza) | Italy |
| 1308[2] | Coimbra | Portugal |
| 1336 | Camerino | Italy |
| 1308[2] | Perugia | Italy |
| 1339[2] | Grenoble | France |
| 1343[2] | Pisa | Italy |
| 1348[2] | Prague | Czech Republic |
| 1349[2] | Florence | Italy |
| 1354[2] | Huesca (Spanish) | Spain |
| 1361[2] | Pavia | Italy |
| 1364/1400[2] | Cracow | Poland |
| 1365[2] | Vienna | Austria |
| 1379[2] | Erfurt | Germany |
| 1385[2] | Heidelberg | Germany |
| 1388[2] | Cologne | Germany |
| 1391[2] | Ferrara | Italy |
| 1395[2] | Budapest | Hungary |
15th century[edit]
| Recognized | University | Modern country |
|---|---|---|
| 1402[2] | Würzburg | Germany |
| 1404[2] | Turin | Italy |
| 1409[2] | Aix-en-Provence (French) | France |
| 1409[2] | Leipzig | Germany |
| 1411[2] | St Andrews | Scotland |
| 1414[2] | Parma | Italy |
| 1419[2] | Rostock | Germany |
| 1425[2] | Leuven | Belgium |
| 1431[2] | Poitiers | France |
| 1432[2] | Caen | France |
| 1441[2] | Bordeaux | France |
| 1444[2] | Catania | Italy |
| 1450[2] | Barcelona | Spain |
| 1451[2] | Glasgow | Scotland |
| 1456[2] | Greifswald | Germany |
| 1457[2] | Freiburg | Germany |
| 1459[2] | Basel | Switzerland |
| 1465[2] | Pressburg | Slovakia |
| 1471[2] | Genoa | Italy |
| 1474[2] | Zaragoza | Spain |
| 1475[2] | Copenhagen | Denmark |
| 1476[2] | Tübingen | Germany |
| 1477[2] | Uppsala | Sweden |
| 1489[2] | Sigüenza | Spain |
| 1495[2] | Aberdeen | Scotland |
| 1499[2] | Alcalá de Henares | Spain |
| 1500[2] | Valencia | Spain |
16th century[edit]
| Recognized | University | Modern country |
|---|---|---|
| 1502[2] | Wittenberg | Germany |
| 1505[2] | Seville | Spain |
| 1521[2] | Toledo (Spanish) | Spain |
| 1526[2] | Santiago de Compostela | Spain |
| 1527[2] | Marburg | Germany |
| 1531[2] | Granada | Spain |
| 1540[2] | Macerata | Italy |
| 1540[2] | Oñate (Spanish) | Spain |
| 1544[2] | Königsberg | Russia |
| 1548[2] | Messina | Italy |
| 1548[2] | Osuna | Spain |
| 1552[2] | Orihuela (Spanish) | Spain |
| 1555[2] | Burgo de Osma (Santa Catalina) | Spain |
| 1556[2] | Rome (Gregoriana) | Italy |
| 1556[2] | Milan | Italy |
| 1558[2] | Jena | Germany |
| 1559[2] | Douai | France |
| 1559 | Évora | Portugal |
| 1570[2] | Olomouc | Czech Republic |
| 1574[2] | Oviedo | Spain |
| 1575[2] | Leiden | Netherlands |
| 1576[2] | Ostroh | Ukraine |
| 1578[2] | Palermo | Italy |
| 1578[2] | Vilnius | Lithuania |
| 1582/83[2] | Edinburgh | Scotland |
| 1585[2] | Fermo | Italy |
| 1585[2] | Franeker | Netherlands |
| 1585/86[2] | Graz | Austria |
| 1587[2] | El Escorial | Spain |
| 1592[2] | Dublin (Trinity College) | Ireland |
| 1592 | Valletta | Malta |
17th century[edit]
| Recognized | University | Modern country |
|---|---|---|
| 1606[2] | Cagliari | Italy |
| 1607[2] | Gießen | Germany |
| 1612[2] | Groningen | Netherlands |
| 1614/16[2] | Paderborn (German) | Germany |
| 1615[4] | Kyiv-Mohyla Academy | Ukraine |
| 1617[2] | Sassari | Italy |
| 1619[2] | Salzburg | Austria |
| 1621[2] | Strassburg | France |
| 1629[2] | Münster | Germany |
| 1632[2] | Tartu (Dorpat) | Estonia |
| 1635[5] | Budapest | Hungary |
| 1636[2] | Utrecht | Netherlands |
| 1640[2] | Helsinki | Finland |
| 1665[2] | Kiel | Germany |
| 1661[2] | Lemberg | Ukraine |
| 1668[2] | Innsbruck | Austria |
| 1668[2] | Lund | Sweden |
| 1669[2] | Zagreb | Croatia |
| 1671[2] | Urbino | Italy |
| 1691[2] | Besançon | France |
| 1693[2] | Halle | Germany |
18th century[edit]
| Recognized | University | Modern country |
|---|---|---|
| 1702[2] | Breslau | Poland |
| 1722[2] | Dijon | France |
| 1724[2] | Saint Petersburg (State University) | Russia |
| 1727[2] | Camerino | Italy |
| 1737[2] | Göttingen | Germany |
| 1743[2] | Erlangen | Germany |
| 1755[2] | Moscow (State University) | Russia |
| 1768[2] | Nancy | France |
| 1772/73[2] | Modena | Italy |
19th century[edit]
| Recognized | University | Modern country |
|---|---|---|
| 1803[2] | Rennes | France |
| 1804[2] | Kazan | Russia |
| 1804[2] | Kharkov | Ukraine |
| 1805[2] | Clermont-Ferrand | France |
| 1808[2] | Lyon | France |
| 1808[6] | Belgrade | Serbia |
| 1808[2] | Rouen | France |
| 1810[2] | Berlin | Germany |
| 1810[2] | Laibach | Slovenia |
| 1811[2] | Christiania | Norway |
| 1816[2] | Warsaw | Poland |
| 1816[2] | Liège | Belgium |
| 1816/17[2] | Ghent | Belgium |
| 1817[2] | Lille | France |
| 1818[2] | Bonn | Germany |
| 1822 | Lampeter | Wales |
| 1823[2] | Corfu | Greece |
| 1826[2] | Munich | Germany |
| 1830 | Moscow (Technical University) | Russia |
| 1832[2] | Durham | England |
| 1833[2] | Zurich | Switzerland |
| 1834[2] | Bern | Switzerland |
| 1834[2] | Bruxelles | Belgium |
| 1834[2] | Kyiv | Ukraine |
| 1836[2] | London | England |
| 1836[2] | Madrid | Spain |
| 1836[2] | Athens | Greece |
| 1837[2] | Athens | Greece |
| 1845[2] | Belfast | Northern Ireland |
| 1845[2] | Cork | Ireland |
| 1845[2] | Galway | Ireland |
| 1851[2] | Manchester | England |
| 1854[2] | Dublin (Catholic University) | Ireland |
| 1855[2] | ETH Zurich | Switzerland |
| 1860 | Iași | Romania |
| 1864[2] | Bucharest | Romania |
| 1864[2] | Odessa | Ukraine |
| 1869[2] | Zagreb | Croatia |
| 1872[2] | Geneva | Switzerland |
| 1872[2] | Aberystwyth | Wales |
| 1872[2] | Kolozsvár | Romania |
| 1875[2] | Czernowitz | Ukraine |
| 1875[2] | Angers | France |
| 1875[2] | Lille (Catholic University) | France |
| 1875[2] | Lyon | France |
| 1875[2] | Paris | France |
| 1877[2] | Toulouse | France |
| 1877[2] | Amsterdam (University of) | Netherlands |
| 1877[2] | Stockholm | Sweden |
| 1880[2] | Amsterdam (Free University) | Netherlands |
| 1881[2] | Nottingham | England |
| 1881[7] | Dundee | Scotland |
| 1883[2] | Liverpool | England |
| 1883[2] | Cardiff | Wales |
| 1884[2] | Bangor | Wales |
| 1886[8] | Deusto | Spain |
| 1888[2] | Sofia | Bulgaria |
| 1889[2] | Fribourg | Switzerland |
| 1890[2] | Lausanne | Switzerland |
| 1900[2] | Birmingham | England |
20th century[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ This number also includes Russian universities in the Asian part of the country which are not included in this list.
References[edit]
- ^ Rüegg 2004, pp. 4–6
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm Rüegg 2004, pp. 673–691
- ^ a b c Rüegg 2004, p. 3
- ^ See History of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.
- ^ [1] The Illustrated History of the Eötvös Loránd University
- ^ "History of the University of Belgrade". University of Belgrade. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
- ^ "About: Facts and figures". University of Dundee. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
- ^ [2] University of Deusto website: History and Mission (retrieved 9 Sept 2012)
- ^ Гісторыя Магілёўскага дзяржаўнага універсітэта (1913—1940 гг.): дакументы і матэрыялы / аўт.-склад.: А. Р. Агееў, К. М. Бандарэнка, В. П. Клімковіч; пад агульн. рэд. К. М. Бандарэнкі. — Магілёў: МДУ імя А. А. Куляшова, 2008. — 216 с.
- ^ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Central Archives, fund 377.
Sources[edit]
- Rüegg, Walter: "Themes", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. III: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-521-36107-1, pp. 3–31
- Rüegg, Walter: "European Universities and Similar Institutions in Existence between 1812 and the End of 1944: A Chronological List: Universities", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. III: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-521-36107-1, pp. 673–691
Further reading[edit]
- Jílek, Jubor (ed.): "Historical Compendium of European Universities/Répertoire Historique des Universités Européennes", Standing Conference of Rectors, Presidents and Vice-Chancellors of the European Universities (CRE), Geneva 1984
- Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-36105-2
- Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. II: Universities in Early Modern Europe (1500–1800), Cambridge University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-521-36106-0
- Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. IV: Universities Since 1945, Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-36108-8
See also[edit]
- List of universities and colleges in Europe
- History of European research universities
- List of oldest universities in continuous operation
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