Red and Anarchist black metal

Red and Anarchist black metal
Stylistic origins	Thrash metal, black metal, anarcho-punk, crust punk
Cultural origins	Late 1990s
Typical instruments	Vocals, electric guitar, bass guitar, drums, keyboard
Regional scenes
United States
Other topics
National Socialist black metal Red and Anarchist Skinheads Redskin Anarcho-punk

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Red and Anarchist black metal (abbreviated as RABM) is a form of black metal music performed by artists who promote Marxist, socialist, communist or anarchist ideology in their lyrics.

RABM was formed as a reaction to National Socialist black metal (NSBM) by left-leaning metalheads analog to Red and Anarchist Skinheads. Therefore, RABM is a self-description.

History

Throughout the emergence of black metal and specifically its second wave in Norway, political topics were typically avoided. Those such as Varg Vikernes kept political topics separate from their music although no evidence suggests that many of those with political views held serious left-wing ideologies. The closest and often most-cited example in the Norwegian scene was Euronymous of the influential band Mayhem who self-identified with the communism practiced by Joseph Stalin and Pol Pot. Although a part of various organizational groups, Euronymous maintained that the ideology of these authoritarian governments was a part of his misanthropist belief system, and as such, his legitimacy as a true communist has often been debated and dismissed.

As the Norwegian black metal scene began to dismantle itself, climaxing in the arrest of Varg for the killing of Euronymous and burning several churches, various other scenes across the world began to spring up. A variety of these scenes that were heavily influenced by Nazi punk eventually created the existence of what is now known as National Socialist black metal or "NSBM" for short. Bands such as Absurd considered NSBM to be the logical conclusion to the second-wave black metal scene.

One of the first bands to cross crust punk with black metal was Iskra from Victoria, British Columbia, who formed there in 2002. Iskra's ideology has been based on firm anti-capitalism, anarchism, and anti-globalization and often is considered one of the first notable RABM bands. Although not specifically stated, bands in the "Cascadian Black Metal" scene focused on the North American west coast are often linked to RABM for their emphasis on environmental topics. Bands like Wolves in the Throne Room are not usually considered RABM; however, their influence stemming from the crust punk scene and their focus on nature has made them a notable band in the scene.

Unlike NSBM, the RABM scene is more of a loose network of individuals who share common goals. This is exemplified through websites such as blogspot who host a variety of blogs that are specifically tailored to RABM or left-wing metal in general. The blog R-A-B-M.blogspot.com was spawned out of a Last.FM group in 2009 and since then has been a host for many bands across the world who wish to share their music to a left-leaning crowd. The blog specifically states that it did not coin the term RABM and the first mention of it appears to be in 2005 on another forum. Thus, the real definition of the term has become a new trend. The release of various compilations in the 2010s by collective efforts such as the ones from the Black Metal Alliance and other loosely affiliated groups have signified a growing cohesive RABM scene.

Ideology and criticism

RABM is a (self)-description for black metal Bands, who are dealing with communistic and anarchistic themes in their lyrics. Although RABM is a self-description, only a few bands label themselves as RABM (such as the Brazilian band Gulag);) most bands are labeled as RABM by fans (such as Panopticon).

Some have argued however that RABM as it exists is simply just another reactionary trend like NSBM that found its place in the music of black metal rather than being a solidified idea within the genre. Its existence is still hotly debated.