Jhansi
Jhansi | |
|---|---|
 Jhansi skyline | |
Nickname(s):
| |
  Jhansi  Jhansi  Jhansi | |
| Coordinates: 25°26′55″N 78°34′11″E / 25.44862°N 78.56962°ECoordinates: 25°26′55″N 78°34′11″E / 25.44862°N 78.56962°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Region | Bundelkhand |
| District | Jhansi |
| Founded by | Raja of Orchha |
| Named for | Orchha Cantonment |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ram Teerth Singhal (BJP) |
| • District Magistrate | Shiv Sahay Awasthi, IAS |
| • Senior Superintendent Of Police | Om Prakash Singh, IPS |
| Elevation | 285 m (935 ft) |
| Population (2011 census) | |
| • Metropolis | 505,693[1] |
| • Rank | 57 |
| • Metro | 547,638[1] |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi[2] |
| • Additional official | Urdu[2] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 284001-2-3-4 |
| Telephone code | 0510 |
| Vehicle registration | UP-93 |
| Sex ratio | ♂ 0.905 : ♀ 1.000 |
| Literacy | 83.02%[1] |
| Avg. summer temperature | 47 °C (117 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 4.0 °C (39.2 °F) |
| Website | www |
Jhansi (
pronunciation (help·info)) is a historic city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It lies in the region of Bundelkhand on the banks of the Pahuj River, in the extreme south of Uttar Pradesh. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of Jhansi district and Jhansi division. Also called the Gateway to Bundelkhand, Jhansi is situated between the rivers Pahuj and Betwa at an average elevation of 285 metres (935 feet). It is about 415 kilometres (258 mi) from New Delhi and 99 kilometres (62 mi) south of Gwalior.
The original walled city grew around its stone fort which crowns a neighboring rock. The ancient name of the city was Balwantnagar.[citation needed] From 1817 to 1854, Jhansi was the capital of the princely state of Jhansi which was ruled by Gurjar rajas. The state was annexed by the British Governor General in 1854; Damodar Rao's claim to the throne was rejected but Rani Lakshmibai ruled it from June 1857 to June 1858.
Jhansi is well connected to all other major towns in Uttar Pradesh by road and railway networks. The National Highways Development Project has supported development of Jhansi.Jhansi is also being developed as the defence corridor by the NDA government which will boost the economy of the city and the region at the same time. Srinagar to Kanyakumari North-South corridor passes through Jhansi as does the East-West corridor; consequently there has been a sudden rush of infrastructure and real estate development in the city.Jhansi was adjudged the third cleanest city of Uttar Pradesh and the fastest moving city in the North Zone in Swachh Survekshan 2018 rankings. A greenfield airport development has been planned.[3] On 28 August 2015, Jhansi was selected among 98 cities for smart city initiative by Government of India.[4][5][6]
Contents
History[edit]
In the 18th century, the town of Jhansi served as the capital of a Maratha province and later the Princely State of Jhansi from 1804 till 1853, when the territory became a part of British India.
Geography and climate[edit]
Jhansi is located at 25.4333 N 78.5833 E. It has an average elevation of 284 metres (935 feet).[7] Jhansi lies on the plateau of central India, an area dominated by rocky relief and minerals underneath the soil. The city has a natural slope in the north as it is on the south western border of the vast Tarai plains of Uttar Pradesh and the elevation rises on the south. The land is suitable for species of citrus fruit and crops include wheat, pulses, peas, and oilseeds. The region relies heavily on Monsoon the rains for irrigation purposes. Under an ambitious canal project (the Rajghat canal), the government is constructing a network of canals for irrigation in Jhansi and Lalitpur and some part of Madhya Pradesh. The trade in agricultural products (including grain and oilseeds) is of great economic importance.[8] The city is also a centre of brassware manufacture.[9]
Climate[edit]
Being on a rocky plateau, Jhansi experiences extreme temperatures. Winter begins in October with the retreat of the Southwest Monsoon (Jhansi does not experience any rainfall from the Northeast Monsoon) and peaks in mid-December. The mercury generally reads about 4 degrees minimum and 21 degrees maximum. Spring arrives by the end of February and is a short-lived phase of transition. Summer begins by April and summer temperatures can peak at 47 degrees in May. The rainy season starts by the third week of June (although this is variable year to year). Monsoon rains gradually weaken in September and the season ends by the last week of September. In the rainy season, the average daily high temperature hovers around 36 degrees Celsius with high humidity. The average rainfall for the city is about 900 mm per year, occurring almost entirely within the three-and-a-half months of the Southwest Monsoon. In summer Jhansi experiences temperatures as high as 45-47 degrees and in winter the temperatures fall as low as 0-1 degrees (recorded in winter 2011).
| Climate data for Jhansi (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.8 (92.8) |
39.4 (102.9) |
43.3 (109.9) |
46.2 (115.2) |
48.0 (118.4) |
47.8 (118.0) |
45.6 (114.1) |
42.2 (108.0) |
40.6 (105.1) |
40.6 (105.1) |
38.1 (100.6) |
33.1 (91.6) |
48.0 (118.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 23.3 (73.9) |
26.9 (80.4) |
33.3 (91.9) |
39.3 (102.7) |
42.3 (108.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
32.2 (90.0) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.9 (93.0) |
29.6 (85.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
32.9 (91.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) |
10.3 (50.5) |
15.8 (60.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
27.3 (81.1) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
19.1 (66.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
5.3 (41.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
10.7 (51.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
0.3 (32.5) |
0.3 (32.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.2 (0.36) |
9.6 (0.38) |
7.7 (0.30) |
2.3 (0.09) |
13.9 (0.55) |
85.0 (3.35) |
270.4 (10.65) |
286.2 (11.27) |
165.3 (6.51) |
31.8 (1.25) |
6.3 (0.25) |
3.6 (0.14) |
891.3 (35.09) |
| Average rainy days | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 4.9 | 12.3 | 13.1 | 7.0 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 44.2 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[10][11] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[edit]
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1871 | 30,000 | — |
| 1881 | 33,000 | +10.0% |
| 1891 | 53,779 | +63.0% |
| 1901 | 55,724 | +3.6% |
| 1911 | 70,200 | +26.0% |
| 1921 | 66,400 | −5.4% |
| 1931 | 76,700 | +15.5% |
| 1941 | 103,300 | +34.7% |
| 1951 | 127,400 | +23.3% |
| 1961 | 140,200 | +10.0% |
| 1971 | 173,300 | +23.6% |
| 1981 | 231,300 | +33.5% |
| 1991 | 300,850 | +30.1% |
| 2001 | 426,198 | +41.7% |
| 2011 | 505,693 | +18.7% |
| Source: 1871-1891 - The Imperial Gazetteer of India[12] 1901-1981 - Populstat.info[13] 1991-2011 - Citypopulation.de[14] | ||
According to the 2011 census, Jhansi has a population of 1,998,603, its urban agglomeration a population of 547,638. The literacy rate of Jhansi is 83.02%, higher than the state average of 67.68%. The sex ratio is 890 females for every 1000 males.[15] Jhansi city has 231st rank among the most populated cities of India, according to the 2011 census.
Jhansi Cantonment[edit]
According to the Indian Census of 2001[16] there were 21,917 people in Jhansi Cantonment, of whom 56% were male and 44% female (men 12,264; women 9,653; children 2,612). The rate of literacy was 80%.
Education[edit]
Higher education[edit]
Medical and technical colleges[edit]
In October 2009, the Union health ministry gave approvals for setting up an institute equivalent to AIIMS, the first in Bundelkhand region and developing central agriculture university.[17]
- Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, established 1968[18]
- Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology
- College of Science & Engineering, Jhansi
- Government Polytechnic Jhansi[19]
Schools[edit]
- Christ the King College
- Delhi Public School, Jhansi (DPS Jhansi) - CBSE[20]
- Rani Lakshmibai Public School, Jhansi Cantt
- Army Public School, Jhansi
- Bhani Devi Goyal Saraswati Vidhya Mandir Inter College
Transport[edit]
The city is well connected to other parts of India by railways and major highways.
Railways[edit]
Jhansi Junction has its own Division of the Indian North Central Railways. It is well connected by train services to all parts of the country, including four metropolitan cities. There are direct trains to Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Guwahati, Visakhapatnam, Nagpur, Agra, Gwalior, Trivandrum, Indore, Ahmedabad, Udaipur, Pune, Jammu and Kashmir, Jaipur, Lucknow, Bhopal, Mahoba, Khajuraho, Gaya, Jalgaon, Bhusaval, Jabalpur, Kanpur, Allahabad, Gorakhpur, Bandra and other major towns. A list of all train services passing through Jhansi Junction can be found here.[21]
Jhansi Junction is a major railway junction of Indian Railways: a major intercity hub and a technical stoppage for many superfast trains in India. Jhansi has its own division in the North Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. It lies on the main Delhi-Chennai and Delhi-Mumbai lines. The station code is JHS.
History[edit]
The railway station was built by the British in the late 1880s. After a long survey of three places the current site was selected for the station. The station has a massive fort-like building painted in maroon and off white.
The station had three platforms in the beginning. Platform One is 2,525 feet (770 m) long making it the seventh longest in the world so could easily handle two trains at a time. Platforms two and three are also long enoungh to do this. The first Shatabdi Express of India started between New Delhi and Jhansi. Earlier Jhansi used to be a part of Central railways zone headquartered at Mumbai but now comes under NCR headquartered at Allahabad.
Connectivity[edit]
Jhansi Junction is linked with many industrial and important cities of India by direct trains like Gwalior, New Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Lucknow, Bhopal, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Jammu and Kashmir, Agra, Bhubaneshwar, and Ahmedabad.
Jhansi Junction is served by four broad gauge routes:
- Jhansi - Agra - New Delhi
- Jhansi - Kanpur Central - Lucknow
- Jhansi - Bhopal - Mumbai
- Jhansi - Manikpur - Allahabad
- Jhansi - Shivpuri - Sawai Madhopur (proposed)
Jhansi is an important destination for tourists intending to go to Khajuraho (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) and to Orchha.
Trains originating from Jhansi[edit]
- 12049/12050 Jhansi Hazrat Nizamuddin (Delhi) Gatimaan Express
- 12279/12280 Jhansi Hazrat Nizamuddin (Delhi) Taj Express
- 11109/11110 Jhansi Lucknow Junction Intercity Express
- 11103/11104 Jhansi Bandra Terminus (Mumbai) Express (via Gwalior, Ujjain, Ratlam, Surat)
- 11105/11106 Jhansi Kolkata Pratham Swatrantata Sangram Express (via Kanpur, Patna)
- 11801/11802 Jhansi Etawah Express
- 21125/21126 Jhansi Gwalior Indore Express
- 51815/51816 Jhansi Agra Fort Passenger
- 51831/51832 Jhansi Agra Cantt Passenger
- 51803/51804 Jhansi Kanpur Central Passenger
- 54157/54158 Jhansi Kanpur Central Passenger
- 51813/51814 Jhansi Lucknow Charbagh Passenger
- 51807/51808 Jhansi Banda Passenger
- 54159/54160 Jhansi Banda Passenger
- 51805/51806 Jhansi Manikpur Passenger
- 51819/51820 Jhansi Allahabad Jn Passenger
- 51817/51818 Jhansi Tikamgarh Passenger
- 51821/51822 Jhansi Khajuraho Passenger
- 51811/51812 Jhansi Bina Passenger
- 51827/51828 Jhansi Itarsi Nagpur Passenger
- several other passengers and shuttles trains connecting Lucknow, Kanpur, Agra Cantt, Allahabad, Manikpur, Banda Jn, Khajuraho, Chhatarpur, Bhopal, Bina and Itarsi
Facilities[edit]
Jhansi Junction has seven platforms and four broad over-bridges. Due to heavy usage, two new platforms are planned, increasing the total to 11. Six pairs of the Rajdhani Express as well as the Bhopal — New Delhi Shatabdi Express pass through Jhansi.Three pairs of Duronto Express also have their technical stoppages at Jhansi. All state Sampark Krantis passing through Jhansi have official stops at Jhansi. In all more than 150 trains stop at Jhansi Junction everyday.[citation needed]
There are tourist information offices of both the Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh governments.
Road transport[edit]
Jhansi is located at the junction of these National Highways: National Highway 27 (India) from Gujarat to Assam; National Highway 75 (India) from Gwalior to Rewa via Chhatarpur; National Highway 44 (India) from Jammu to Kanyakumari; and National Highway 39 (India). Thus, Jhansi commands a strategic position in the roadways network as highways in five different directions diverge from it.
The towns and major cities connected to it are Datia, Gwalior, Lalitpur, Agra, New Delhi, Bhopal, Allahabad, Kanpur, Orchha, Shivpuri, Chhatarpur, Unnao Balaji, and Sagar.
The north-south and east-west corridors pass and cross each other only in Jhansi and the city is also well connected to Kanpur, Lucknow and Madhya Pradesh by road. The four lanes national highway is at the last stage of its completion, giving a boom in infrastructure and other sectors in Jhansi and nearby areas;[when?]
Air transport[edit]
Jhansi Airport is a military aviation base built in the British era used by the Indian army and political visitors. Though there are provisions for private aircraft to land, there are no civil aviation operations. There had been a demand to make it operational for commercial purposes in the 1990s and again in the 2000s. The Uttar Pradesh government announced the construction of an all new civil aviation base to support tourism in Bundelkhand in April 2011.[22] The Indian army maintains an objection to extension of the military aviation. So, the government has examined three different places other than army aviation base for the airport in Jhansi. Gwalior Airport is the nearest airport from Jhansi but has limited number of flights and facilities. Kanpur Airport is 4 hours drive from Jhansi and is well connected with other metropolitan cities in India. There are plans to develop the Jhansi airport under the UDAN scheme of regional connectivity of central government. Jhansi-Lucknow-Jhansi route was selected in UDAN 2 but the airline has not been selected yet. Jhansi-Agra and Jhansi-Khajuraho routes have been suggested by the government for UDAN 3.There are still no plans to connect Jhansi with Delhi, the national capital and other cities like Mumbai in the south.
Major markets[edit]
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- Manik Chowk [Old City) - the biggest and the most important market of Jhansi. Combination of three major markets the Sarafa Bazaar, Bada Bazaar, and Purani Najhai. Ancient buildings of different styles of architecture (such as Chandeli, British, Maratha, Mughal, and Rajputi) can be viewed.
- Sadar Bazar - one of the oldest markets of Jhansi City and now is the most expensive one and well known for its branded clothing stores, bakeries, and this place was used by the army cantonment and local population for business by selling goods for statesmen and other rich people.
- Sipri Bazaar- one of the old markets of the City known for its vegetable market and cheap clothing goods and accessories; situated on Shivpuri Road (known to be Shivpuri Bazaar which later changed to Sipri Bazaar)
- Loha Mandi- market known for steel and iron goods as well as good building materials including floor stone and marble.
- Elite Circle - in the City Centre of Jhansi which is a junction point of five radial roads with huge number of hotels and shops
- Jhokan Bagh - known for its furnished goods and furniture at reasonable prizes; however, its roads are irregular and not well maintained.
Armed forces[edit]
The Jhansi Cantonment was the site of the accommodation for British civil and military personnel in the period of British rule in India.
Media[edit]
Amar Ujala, Dainik Jagran, Patrika,[23] and Dainik Bhaskar are some of the newspapers with online news services.
Newspapers[edit]
Many national and local newspapers are published in Jhansi in Hindi, Urdu and English:
| Newspaper | Language | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Amar Ujala | Hindi | |
| Dainik Jagran | Hindi | |
| Daily Aziz E Hindustan | Urdu | |
| Dainik Royal Mail | Hindi | |
| Dainik Vishwa Pariwar | Hindi | |
| Hindustan | Hindi | |
| Jan Jan Jagran | Hindi | |
| Jan Seva Mail | Hindi | |
| Raftaar | Hindi | |
| Patrika[24] | Hindi | |
| Swadesh | Hindi |
Radio[edit]
Jhansi has four radio station :-Radio Mirchi 98.3 FM, 92.7 BIG FM, 103.0 AIR FM and 91.1 Red FM.
Cinema[edit]
Jhansi has three cinema halls, including Elite Cinema, Khilona Cinema and Natraj Cinema.[citation needed]
Sport[edit]
Sports stadiums in Jhansi are Dhyanchand Stadium, Railway Stadium, and LVM Sports Place.
Notable people associated with Jhansi[edit]
- Edward Angelo (born 1870), Australian politician
- Alexander Archdale, English actor in theatre and film
- Chandra Shekhar Azad, Indian freedom fighter
- Vinod Kumar Bansal, Bansal classes, kota
- Michael Bates, English actor; Last of the Summer Wine and It Ain't Half Hot Mum
- Major Dhyan Chand, Indian Army officer and hockey player for the national team of India
- Maithilisharan Gupt, modern Hindi poet
- Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard, explorer, adventurer, big-game hunter and marksman who made a significant contribution to sniping practice within the British Army in the First World War
- Piyush Jha, film director and screenwriter and novelist of Indian origin
- Abdul Karim (the Munshi), an Indian attendant of Queen Victoria who served her during the final 15 years of her reign, gaining her maternal affection over that time.
- Subodh Khandekar, Olympian hockey player
- Tushar Khandekar, player on Indian national hockey team
- Ashok Kumar, former player on Indian national hockey team
- Rani Lakshmibai, great queen consort of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao; queen 1853-58
- Pankaj Mishra, Indian essayist and novelist
- Joy Mukherjee, Indian actor and director
- Ram Mukherjee, Indian director
- Randeep Rai,Indian television and film actor
- Sashadhar Mukherjee, producer of Hindi films
- Subodh Mukherjee, director, producer, writer of Hindi cinema; hits include Paying Guest, Munimji, Love Marriage (parts were shot at Jhansi), and Junglee
- Maharaja Gangadhar Rao, Raja of Jhansi State, 1838–53
- Dr Saumitra Rawat, surgeon, Chairman and Head, Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi; 2015 Padma Shri
- Amit Singhal, senior vice-president at Google
- Surendra Verma, Hindi author and playwright
Jhansi in popular culture[edit]
Jhansi in literature[edit]
Two novels by John Masters are set in the fictional town of Bhowani. According to the author, writing in the glossary to the earlier novel, Nightrunners of Bengal, Bhowani is an "imaginary town. To get a geographical bearing on the story it should be imagined to be about where Jhansi really is - 25.27 N., 78.33 E."[25] Nightrunners of Bengal is set during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 at "Bhowani" (the title alludes to the mysterious distribution of "chapatis" to village headmen which preceded the revolt). Bhowani Junction is set in 1946/47 the eve of independence. In each novel the main character is a British army officer named Colonel Rodney Savage, one of a succession of such men from the same family.
Christina Rossetti wrote a short poem about the fate of the Skene family at Jhansi during the Indian Mutiny. It is entitled "In the Round Tower at Jhansi - 8 June 1857". It was published in 1862 in the same volume as her more celebrated poem "Goblin Market". Some time afterward, Rossetti discovered that she had been misinformed about the husband and wife's suicide pact in the face of a murderous and implacable enemy ('The swarming howling wretches below' the tower walls) which is the poem's subject, but did not delete it from later editions.
Jhansi also appears as the backdrop for a portion of the George MacDonald Fraser novel Flashman in the Great Game, set just before and during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Jhansi in films[edit]
Movies which are filmed in or associated with Jhansi include: Jhansi Ki Rani (1953 film), Love Marriage (1959 film), Raavan (2010 film), Badrinath Ki Dulhania (2017 film), and Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi (2019 film).[citation needed]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c "Data". www.census2011.co.in. 2011. | title = Jhansi City Census 2011 data | publisher = Census 2011 - Census of India}}
- ^ a b "52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
- ^ "Uttar Pradesh plans to develop Jhansi airport". igovernment.in. 4 January 2011. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Centre unveils list of 98 smart cities; UP, TN strike it rich". The Hindu. 28 August 2015.
- ^ "Smart City Jhansi". Mygov.in. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
- ^ "स्मार्ट सिटी की परीक्षा में फेल हुए यूपी के 12 शहर". Amar Ujala. 30 January 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Jhansi, India Page". fallingrain.com. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
- ^ The Macmillan Encyclopedia; rev. ed. London: Macmillan, 1983; p. 647
- ^ Moore, W. G. (1971) The Penguin Encyclopedia of Places. Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 371
- ^ "Jhansi Climatological Table Period: 1971–2000". India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ "Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
- ^ "Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 14, page 148". dsal.uchicago.edu. Digital South Asia Library. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
- ^ "INDIA : urban population". www.populstat.info. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
- ^ "Jhansi (Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
- ^ a b c "Jhansi City Census 2011 data". 2011 Census of India.
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 20 February 2013.CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
- ^ "Centre clears an 'AIIMS' for Bundelkhand". Archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
- ^ "Maharani Laxmibai Medical College Jhansi". Mlbmcj.in. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2013.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- ^ Delhi Public School, Jhansi (DPS Jhansi) - CBSE
- ^ "JHS/Jhansi Junction (7 PFs) Railway Station - Train Departure Timings". India Rail Info. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
- ^ Manjul, Tarannum (1 April 2011). "New airport at Jhansi to boost tourism". indianexpress. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
- ^ "Jhansi Hindi News". Patrika. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ https://www.patrika.com/jhansi-news/
- ^ Masters, John. Nightrunners of Bengal. (London and New York, 1951). Glossary.
External links[edit]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jhansi. |
Jhansi travel guide from Wikivoyage- Official website
