1986 Commonwealth Games
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Host city | Edinburgh, Scotland | ||
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Nations participating | 27 nations of the Commonwealth | ||
Athletes participating | 1,660 | ||
Events | 161 events in 10 sports | ||
Opening ceremony | 24 July 1986 | ||
Closing ceremony | 2 August 1986 | ||
Officially opened by | Elizabeth II | ||
Main venue | Meadowbank Stadium | ||
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The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. They were the second Games to be held in Edinburgh.
Contents
Organisation and controversy[edit]
Unlike the 1970 Games in Edinburgh, which were popular and successful, the 1986 Games are ill-famed for the wide political boycott connected with them and the resulting financial mismanagement.[1]
The majority of Commonwealth nations staged a boycott, so that the Games appeared to be a whites-only event. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries—largely African, Asian and Caribbean states—stayed away because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa in preference to participating in the general sporting boycott of that country. Consequently, Edinburgh 1986 witnessed the lowest number of athletes since Auckland 1950.[2] Bermuda was a particularly late withdrawal, as its athletes appeared in the opening ceremony and in the opening day of competition before the Bermuda Olympic Association decided to formally withdraw.[3]
Further controversy arose when it was revealed that through this much-reduced participation and the resultant decline in anticipated broadcasting and sponsorship revenues, the Organising Committee was facing a big financial black hole. The boycott ended any prospect of securing emergency government assistance. Businessman Robert Maxwell stepped in to offer funding, taking over as chairman; but although he promised to invest £2m, his contribution was just £250,000. On a budget of £14m, the Games opened with a deficit of £3m, which later grew to £4.3m, and instead of putting enough money into the event to save it, the new chairman of the Games asked creditors to forgo half the payment due to them to keep the event out of liquidation. The debt was finally paid off in 1989, with the city of Edinburgh losing approximately £500,000.[4]
Several participants were excluded because they breached the amateurism rules, most notably lawn bowlers Phil Skoglund from New Zealand and Willie Wood from Scotland, both of whom have competed in subsequent games.
Participating teams[edit]
27 teams were represented at the 1986 Games.
(Teams competing for the first time are shown in bold).
Australia
Bermuda (Withdrew after opening day of competition)[5]
Botswana
Canada
Cayman Islands
Cook Islands
England
Falkland Islands
Fiji
Gibraltar
Guernsey
Hong Kong
Isle of Man
Jersey
Lesotho
Malawi
Maldives
Malta
New Zealand
Norfolk Island
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Singapore
Swaziland
Vanuatu
Wales
Western Samoa
Opening ceremony[edit]
The theme of the opening ceremony celebrated the "Spirit of Youth" and included 6500 Scottish schoolchildren taking part in a series of large Mass Games-style Gymnastics routines. The theme song "Spirit of Youth" was written by Gerard Kenny. The ceremony began on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle from which hundreds of schoolchildren ran down the Royal Mile, through Holyrood Park to Meadowbank Stadium.[6]
Venues[edit]
Medals by country[edit]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
52 | 43 | 49 | 144 |
2 | ![]() |
51 | 34 | 31 | 116 |
3 | ![]() |
40 | 46 | 35 | 121 |
4 | ![]() |
8 | 16 | 14 | 38 |
5 | ![]() |
6 | 5 | 12 | 23 |
6 | ![]() |
3 | 12 | 18 | 33 |
7 | ![]() |
2 | 4 | 9 | 15 |
8 | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
9 | ![]() |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
10 | ![]() |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
11 | ![]() |
0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
12 | ![]() |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
13 | ![]() |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
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0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
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0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Total | 163 | 163 | 176 | 502 |
Medals by event[edit]
Aquatics[edit]
Athletics[edit]
Badminton[edit]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mixed | ||||||
Mixed Team | ![]() Andy Goode Fiona Elliot Gillian Clark Gillian Gowers Helen Troke Nigel Tier Nick Yates Richard Outterside Steve Baddeley |
![]() Claire Blackhouse Denyse Julien John Goss Johanne Falardeau Ken Poole Linda Cloutier-Marks Mike deBelle Michael Bitten Michael Butler Sandra Skillings |
![]() Audrey Tuckey Darren McDonald Gordon Lang Julie McDonald Karen Jupp Michael Scandolera Paul Heng Kong Rhonda Cator Tracey Small Sze Yu |
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Mixed Doubles | ![]() Mike Scandolera Audrey Tucker |
![]() Andy Goode Fiona Elliott |
![]() Billy Gilliland Christine Heatly |
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Men | ||||||
Men's Singles | ![]() |
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Men's Doubles | ![]() Billy Gilliland Dan Travers |
![]() Andy Goode Nigel Tier |
![]() Kerrin Harrison Glenn Stewart |
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Women | ||||||
Women's Singles | ![]() |
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Women's Doubles | ![]() Gillian Clark Gillian Gowers |
![]() Johanne Falardeau Denyse Julian |
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Bowls[edit]
Boxing[edit]
Cycling[edit]
Track[edit]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||
Time Trial | ![]() |
00:01:06 | ![]() |
00:01:06 | ![]() |
00:01:07 |
Sprint | ![]() |
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Individual Pursuit | ![]() |
00:04:44 | ![]() |
00:04:51 | ![]() |
00:04:54 |
Team Pursuit | ![]() Glenn Clarke Brett Dutton Bill Hardy Wayne McCarney Dean Woods |
00:04:27 | ![]() Gary Anderson Russell Clune Stephen Swart Andrew Whitford |
00:04:34 | ![]() Chris Boardman Gary Colman Rob Muzio Jon Walshaw Guy Rowland |
overtaken |
10 Miles (16 Kilometres) Scratch | ![]() |
00:19:41 | ![]() |
00:19:41 | ![]() |
00:19:41 |
Road[edit]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||
Road Race | ![]() |
04:08:50 | ![]() |
04:08:50 | ![]() |
04:08:50 |
Team Time Trial | ![]() Alan Gornall Deno Davie Keith Reynolds Paul Curran |
02:13:16 | ![]() Blair Cox Graeme Miller Gregory Fraine Paul Leitch |
02:14:50 | ![]() Alastair Irvine Cormac McCann Joseph Barr Martin Quinn |
02:16:13 |
Rowing[edit]
Shooting[edit]
Pistol[edit]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men/Open | ||||||
Free Pistol | ![]() |
551 | ![]() ![]() |
549 | ||
Free Pistol – Pairs | ![]() Tom Guinn Claude Beaulieu |
1099 | ![]() Paul Leatherdale Richard Wang |
1090 | ![]() Phil Adams Bengt Sandström |
1085 |
Centre-Fire Pistol | ![]() |
583 | ![]() |
582 | ![]() |
580 |
Centre-Fire Pistol – Pairs | ![]() Phil Adams Rod Hack |
1165 | ![]() Bob Northover Michael Cutler |
1157 | ![]() Rex Hamilton Barry O'Neale |
1153 |
Rapid-Fire Pistol | ![]() |
591 | ![]() |
588 | ![]() |
585 |
Rapid-Fire Pistol – Pairs | ![]() Brian Girling Terry Turner |
1169 | ![]() Pat Murray Jack Mast |
1152 | ![]() Mark Howkins André Chevrefils |
1150 |
Air Pistol | ![]() |
575 | ![]() |
574 | ![]() |
574 |
Air Pistol – Pairs | ![]() Paul Leatherdale Ian Reid |
1143 | ![]() Phil Adams Bruce Favell |
1143 | ![]() Greg Yelavich Barrie Wickens |
1140 |
Rifle[edit]
Shotgun[edit]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men/Open | ||||||
Trap | ![]() |
195 | ![]() |
192 | ![]() |
192 |
Trap – Pairs | ![]() Peter Boden Ian Peel |
185 | ![]() Tom Hewitt Eamon Furphy |
183 | ![]() Terry Rumbel Domingo Diaz |
183 |
Skeet | ![]() |
196 | ![]() ![]() |
195 | ||
Skeet – Pairs | ![]() Joe Neville Ken Harman |
195 | ![]() Brian Gabriel Don Kwasyncia |
193 | ![]() John Woolley Jeff Farrell |
189 |
Weightlifting[edit]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||
Flyweight – Overall | ![]() |
212.5 | ![]() |
185 | ![]() |
177.5 |
Bantamweight – Overall | ![]() |
245 | ![]() |
217.5 | ![]() |
215 |
Featherweight – Overall | ![]() |
252.5 | ![]() |
250 | ![]() |
235 |
Lightweight – Overall | ![]() |
315 | ![]() |
307.5 | ![]() |
290 |
Middleweight – Overall | ![]() |
302.5 | ![]() |
300 | ![]() |
270 |
Light Heavyweight – Overall | ![]() |
350 | ![]() |
325 | ![]() |
317.5 |
Middle Heavyweight – Overall | ![]() |
350 | ![]() |
342.5 | ![]() |
340 |
Sub Heavyweight – Overall | ![]() |
360 | ![]() |
332.5 | ![]() |
327.5 |
Heavyweight – Overall | ![]() |
375 | ![]() |
372.5 | ![]() |
370 |
Super Heavyweight – Overall | ![]() |
392.5 | ![]() |
347.5 | ![]() |
342.5 |
Wrestling[edit]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||
Light Flyweight | ![]() |
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Flyweight | ![]() |
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Bantamweight | ![]() |
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Featherweight | ![]() |
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Lightweight | ![]() |
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Welterweight | ![]() |
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Middleweight | ![]() |
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Light Heavyweight | ![]() |
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Heavyweight | ![]() |
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Super Heavyweight | ![]() |
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See also[edit]
- 1970 Commonwealth Games, held in Edinburgh
- 2014 Commonwealth Games, held in Glasgow.
References[edit]
- ^ "The forgotten story of … Robert Maxwell’s 1986 Commonwealth Games | Sport | theguardian.com". theguardian.com. Retrieved 2014-07-28.
- ^ "Scottish independence referendum will increase interest in Glasgow 2014, it is claimed | Glasgow 2014". insidethegames.biz. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-09.
- ^ Fraser, Graham (2014-04-25). Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 2014-11-02.
- ^ "Glasgow makes final call for 2014 Games - Athletics - Scotsman.com". News.scotsman.com. 9 May 2007. Retrieved 2012-08-09.
- ^ Fraser, Graham (2014-04-25). Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 2015-08-19.
- ^ "Power From Within - Commonwealth Games 1986 Opening Ceremony - YouTube". youtube.com. Retrieved 2014-07-28.
External links[edit]
- Commonwealth Games official site
- 1986 Commonwealth Games – Australian Commonwealth Games website
- Video of the Opening Ceremony
Preceded by Brisbane |
Commonwealth Games Edinburgh XIII Commonwealth Games |
Succeeded by Auckland |
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