Diurnality

Ostriches are diurnal, but may be active on moonlit nights

Diurnality is a plant or animal behavior characterized by activity during the day and sleeping, or other inactivity, at night. The common adjective is "diurnal".

In animals

Animals that are not diurnal might be nocturnal (active at night) or crepuscular (active primarily during twilight, i.e., at dusk and dawn). Many animal species are diurnal, including many mammals (including humans), insects, reptiles and birds. In some animals, especially insects, external patterns of the environment control the activity (exogenous rhythms, as opposed to patterns inherent in the habitat). Diurnality is descriptive; it refers to an observed 24-hour pattern, as opposed to ~24-hour circadian rhythms which are self-sustaining within the organism.

In many species, the animal switches from nocturnal to diurnal foraging depending on the environmental temperature. The reason for the switch allows the individual to maximize on feeding efficiency during summer time when it is warmer and lower their risk of predation during the winter. Diurnal insect include some bees and a specific example being the bee species Anthidium maculosum. These carder bees are diurnal and are active only when the temperatures are above freezing. Moreover, these bees are most active when there are plenty of resources such as flowers, from which they can extract pollen and nectar.

Some mainly nocturnal or crepuscular animals have been domesticated as pets and have changed into diurnal animals to coincide with the cycle of human life. Examples are pet dogs and cats, which are derived from the wolf and the wild cat, respectively. However, these animals may exhibit their species' original behavior when they are born feral. Other animals have been forced from their normal cycle to an alternate one as a means of avoiding predators, such as beavers becoming nocturnal creatures after extended predation by humans.

In plants

Many plants are also diurnal or nocturnal, depending on the time period when the most effective pollinators, i.e., insects, visit the plant. For example, as most angiosperm species of flower are visited by many various insects, the flower adapts its phenology to the most effective pollinators in order to ensure proper reproduction and longevity of the species. Thus, the effectiveness of relative diurnal or nocturnal species of insects affects the diurnal or nocturnal nature of the plants they pollinate, causing in some instances an adjustment of the opening and closing cycles of the plants.

In Technology Operations

Services that alternate between high and low utilization in a daily cycle are described as being diurnal. For example, many web sites have the most users during the day and little utilization at night, or vice versa. Operations planners can use this cycle to plan, for example, maintenance that needs to be done when there are fewer users on the web site.

See also

• Crypsis
• Nocturnality
• Crepuscular