Grex (horticulture)
The term grex (pl. greges), derived from the Latin noun grex, gregis meaning 'flock', has been coined to expand botanical nomenclature to describe horticultural hybrids of orchids, based solely on their specified parentage.[1]
A named grex may be specified as a hybrid between:
- two species
- two greges.
Contents
Botanical nomenclature of hybrids[edit]
Interspecific hybrids occur in nature, and are treated under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants as nothospecies, ('notho' indicating hybrid). They can be given Linnean binomials with a multiplication sign "×" before the species epithet,[2] for example Crataegus × media. An offspring of the nothospecies, either with the nothospecies or any of the parental species as the other parent, has the same nothospecific name. That is, the nothospecific binomial is an alias for a list of the ancestral species, whether the ancestry is precisely known or not.
For example, a hybrid between Cattleya warscewiczii Rchb.f. 1854 and Cattleya aurea Linden 1883 can be called Cattleya ×hardyana Sander 1883 or simply Cattleya hardyana. An offspring of a Cattleya × hardyana pollenized by another Cattleya × hardyana would also be called Cattleya × hardyana. Cattleya × hardyana would also be the name of an offspring of a Cattleya × hardyana pollenized by either a Cattleya warscewiczii or a Cattleya aurea, or an offspring of either a Cattleya warscewiczii or a Cattleya aurea pollenized by a Cattleya × hardyana.
An earlier term was nothomorph for subordinate taxa to nothospecies. Since the 1982 meeting of the International Botanical Congress, such subordinate taxa are considered varieties.
Horticultural treatment of greges[edit]
A non-specific grex is initially produced by the deliberate hybridization of two different greges, and is treated as if it were a new species.
When a hybrid cross is made, all of the seedlings grown from the resulting seed pod are considered to be in the same grex. Any additional plants produced from the hybridization of the same two parental greges also belong to the grex. All of the members of a specific grex may be loosely thought of as "sister plants", and just like the brothers and sisters of any family, may share many traits in common or look quite different from one another. This is due to the randomization of genes passed on to progeny during sexual reproduction. The hybridizer who created a new grex may choose to register the grex with a registration authority, in which case the grex must be named. If two members of the same grex produce offspring, the offspring receive the same grex name as the parents. Individual plants may be given cultivar names to distinguish them from siblings in their grex. Cultivar names are usually given to superior plants with the expectation of cloning that plant; all clones of a plant share a cultivar name.
The non-specific gregaric name differs from a specific name in that the gregaric part of the name is capitalized, is not italicized, and may consist of up to four words; according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants it must be followed by the word "grex" which is not capitalized or italicized.
For example: an artificially produced hybrid between Cattleya warscewiczii and C. dowiana (or C. aurea, which the RHS, the international orchid hybrid registration authority, considers to be a mere variety of and therefore synonymous with C. dowinana) is called C. Hardyana grex. An artificially produced seedling that results from pollenizing a C. Hardyana grex with another C. Hardyana grex is also a C. Hardyana grex. However, the hybrid produced between C. Hardyana grex and C. dowiana is not C. Hardyana grex, but C. Prince John grex. Similarly, the artificial hybrid produced between C. Hardyana grex and C warscewiczii is C. Eleanor grex. These relationships can be described in the following manner:
C. Hardyana grex = C. warscewiczii × C. dowiana
C. Eleanor grex = C. Hardyana grex × C. warscewiczii
C. Prince John grex = C. dowiana × C. Hardyana grex
In informal usage, "grex" is often omitted (e.g., Cattleya Hardyana), but this can lead to ambiguity.
An example of a complex-hybrid grex is Phalaenopsis Baldan's Kaleidoscope grex (sometimes also labeled a cultivar, as Phalaenopsis 'Kaleidoscope').
Because many interspecific (and even intergeneric) barriers to hybridization in the Orchidaceae are maintained in nature only by pollinator behavior, it is easy to produce complex interspecific and even intergeneric hybrid orchid seeds: all it takes is a human motivated to use a toothpick, and proper care of the mother plant as it develops a seed pod. Germinating the seeds and growing them to maturity is more difficult, however.
Groups of plants with similar characteristics can be named within a grex for convenience.[1]
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Cattleya warscewiczii
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Cattleya dowiana var. aurea Illustration in: J. Linden & Lucien Linden Lindenia Iconographie des Orchidées 1897
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Cattleya × hardyana
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Brickell, C.D.; Braun, B.R.; Hetterscheid, W.L.A.; Leslie, A.C.; McNeill, J.; Trehane, P.; Vrugtman, F.; Wiersema, J.H. 2004. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (I.C.N.C.P. or Cultivated Plant Code) incorporating the Rules and Recommendations for naming plants in cultivation, Seventh Edition, Adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants. International Society for Horticultural Science and International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Article 3.3
- ^ McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6. Article H1
External links[edit]
- "New Orchid Hybrids September - November 2002 Registrations" The Orchid Review 111 1249 (January - February 2003), The Royal Horticultural Society. Discussion of nothotaxa
- Royal Horticultural Society Resolving grex names
- Gledhill, David (2006). The names of plants (4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521866456. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
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