Felix St. Vrain
Felix St. Vrain (March 23, 1799–May 24, 1832) was a United States Indian agent who was killed during the Black Hawk War. St. Vrain died along with three companions while on a mission to deliver dispatches from Dixon's Ferry, Illinois to Fort Armstrong. The incident has become known as the St. Vrain massacre.
Early life[edit]
Felix St. Vrain was born in St. Louis, Missouri, a son of Jacques DeHault Delassus de St. Vrain.[1] He married Marie Pauline Gregoire in 1822, and eight years later settled in Kaskaskia, Illinois.[1] A sawmill operator in Kaskaskia, St. Vrain was 31 years old when he was appointed to replace Thomas Forsyth as an Indian agent.[2]
Indian agent[edit]
St. Vrain started working for the United States government as an Indian Agent in 1830.[1] He was assigned to the Sauk and Fox nations around Rock Island during William Clark's tenure as superintendent of the St. Louis Indian Agency.[1] St. Vrain's appointment came amidst Forsyth's ongoing criticism of William Clark.[2] St. Vrain had almost no experience dealing with Indians but being a member of a politically important St. Louis-French family he had connections to U.S. Senator Elias Kent Kane.[2] Kane was a close acquaintance of William Clark and recommended St. Vrain for the appointment.[2]
When the Black Hawk War began, St. Vrain was stationed at Fort Armstrong. The story circulated upon his death by Governor John Reynolds was that St. Vrain was keenly in tune with Indian culture and was treacherously murdered by a chief who had adopted him as a brother Little Bear.[3] This story is almost certainly not true.[3]
Massacre[edit]
While on a mission to deliver dispatches from Dixon's Ferry (now Dixon) to Galena, under the command of General Henry Atkinson, St. Vrain was killed along with three other members of his party on May 24, 1832. They were most likely attacked by a band of pro-Sauk Ho-Chunk warriors, though sources disagree over the attacker's tribe.[4][5][5]
St. Vrain and the other victims were buried by a detachment of soldiers under Colonel Henry Dodge.[5] One account of the massacre, from Gen. George W. Jones (St. Vrain's brother-in-law as well as the man who identified the body), claimed the attackers scalped all of the dead men, and cut off the hands, head and feet of St. Vrain. They then removed his heart, which they ate.[4] The victims' graves are located in Kellogg's Grove.[6] In 1834 (either January 6[1] or March 24[7]) the U.S. Congress passed a bill which provided relief for St. Vrain's family.[1] The Congressional relief was in the form a 640 acre land grant in the state of Missouri.[7]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f Delassus-St. Vrain Family Collection, (PDF), "Biographical Sketch," Missouri History Museum, p. 3. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
- ^ a b c d Trask, Kerry A., Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America, (Google Books link), Macmillan, New York: 2007, p. 89.
- ^ a b Armstrong Perry A. The Sauks and the Black Hawk War (Google Books link) H.W. Rokker, printer, 1887 pp. 414-16.
- ^ a b Stevens, Frank E. The Black Hawk War, Frank E. Stevens 1903, pp. 169-171. Available online at Northern Illinois University Libraries Digitization Project.
- ^ a b c "The Killing of Felix St. Vrain," Historic Diaries: Black Hawk War, Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
- ^ Dameier, Evelyn. "Kellogg's Grove," (PDF), National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, 18 January 1978, HAARGIS Database, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Retrieved 26 July 2007.
- ^ a b Britton Alexander Thompson. Laws of the United States of a Local or Temporary Character (Google Books link Government Printing Office, 1880 p. 436.
External links[edit]
- "William Clark papers" (Keyword search, St. Vrain) Kansas Historical Society accessed January 22, 2011.
