Temperature in Canada
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Averages[edit]
The average maximum/minimum temperatures of Canada of various cities across Canada, based on the climate period from 1981-2010 for the months of January and July (generally the lowest/highest average temperature months, but not in all cases).
The major Canadian city that falls outside the continental climate schema is Vancouver, which experiences an oceanic climate with a marked summer dry season. Of the eight largest Canadian cities, Ottawa, Montreal and Toronto have the warmest summers, Winnipeg the coldest winters, while Vancouver's winters are far milder than any other large city in Canada.
Central[clarification needed] and northern Canada experiences subarctic and Arctic climates, much of them arid. Those areas are not heavily populated due to the severe climate, where it drops below −20 °C (−4 °F) on most winter days and has a very brief summer season.
The table can be reordered by clicking on the box in each column. Places in italics are provincial capital, bold is the national capital.
| City | Weather station | Location | Elevation | January (Avg. high °C (°F)) |
January (Avg. low °C (°F)) |
July (Avg. high °C (°F)) |
July (Avg. low °C (°F)) |
Annual (Avg. high °C (°F)) |
Annual (Avg. low °C (°F)) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alberton, PE[1] | 46°51′00″N 064°01′00″W / 46.85000°N 64.01667°W | 3 m (9.8 ft) | −3.9 (25.0) | −12.5 (9.5) | 23.2 (73.8) | 14.1 (57.4) | 9.6 (49.3) | 1.3 (34.3) | |
| Baie-Comeau, QC[2] | YBC | 49°08′00″N 068°12′00″W / 49.13333°N 68.20000°W | 22 m (72 ft) | −8.7 (16.3) | −19.9 (−3.8) | 20.9 (69.6) | 10.3 (50.5) | 6.6 (43.9) | −3.3 (26.1) |
| Calgary, AB[3] | YYC | 51°06′50″N 114°01′13″W / 51.11389°N 114.02028°W | 1,084 m (3,556 ft) | −0.9 (30.4) | −13.2 (8.2) | 23.2 (73.8) | 9.8 (49.6) | 10.8 (51.4) | −1.9 (28.6) |
| Charlottetown, PE[4] | YYG | 46°17′19″N 063°07′43″W / 46.28861°N 63.12861°W | 49 m (161 ft) | −3.4 (25.9) | −12.1 (10.2) | 23.3 (73.9) | 14.1 (57.4) | 9.9 (49.8) | 1.3 (34.3) |
| Churchill, MB[5] | YYQ | 58°44′21″N 094°03′59″W / 58.73917°N 94.06639°W | 29 m (95 ft) | −21.9 (−7.4) | −30.1 (−22.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 7.3 (45.1) | −2.3 (27.9) | −10.7 (12.7) |
| Corner Brook, NL[6] | 48°57′00″N 057°57′00″W / 48.95000°N 57.95000°W | 5 m (16 ft) | −2.7 (27.1) | −9.6 (14.7) | 22.0 (71.6) | 12.6 (54.7) | 9.0 (48.2) | 1.3 (34.3) | |
| Dawson City, YT[7] | YDA | 64°02′35″N 139°07′40″W / 64.04306°N 139.12778°W | 370 m (1,210 ft) | −21.8 (−7.2) | −30.1 (−22.2) | 23.1 (73.6) | 8.2 (46.8) | 2.1 (35.8) | −10.3 (13.5) |
| Edmonton, AB[8] | YXD | 53°34′24″N 113°31′06″W / 53.57333°N 113.51833°W | 671 m (2,201 ft) | −6.0 (21.2) | −14.8 (5.4) | 23.1 (73.6) | 12.3 (54.1) | 9.3 (48.7) | −1.0 (30.2) |
| Edmundston, NB[9] | 47°20′47″N 068°11′16″W / 47.34639°N 68.18778°W | 163 m (535 ft) | −7.1 (19.2) | −18.5 (−1.3) | 24.7 (76.5) | 11.5 (52.7) | 9.5 (49.1) | −2.3 (27.9) | |
| Fort Nelson, BC[10] | YYE | 58°50′11″N 122°35′50″W / 58.83639°N 122.59722°W | 382 m (1,253 ft) | −16.1 (3.0) | −24.6 (−12.3) | 23.2 (73.8) | 10.9 (51.6) | 5.2 (41.4) | −6.0 (21.2) |
| Fredericton, NB[11] | YFC | 45°52′20″N 066°31′40″W / 45.87222°N 66.52778°W | 21 m (69 ft) | −3.8 (25.2) | −15.0 (5.0) | 25.5 (77.9) | 13.0 (55.4) | 11.4 (52.5) | −0.2 (31.6) |
| Halifax, NS[12] | YHZ | 44°52′48″N 063°30′00″W / 44.88000°N 63.50000°W | 145 m (476 ft) | −1.3 (29.7) | −10.4 (13.3) | 23.8 (74.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 11.3 (52.3) | 1.9 (35.4) |
| High Level, AB[13] | YOJ | 58°37′17″N 117°09′53″W / 58.62139°N 117.16472°W | 338 m (1,109 ft) | −15.0 (5.0) | −25.8 (−14.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 9.9 (49.8) | 5.2 (41.4) | −7.2 (19.0) |
| Inuvik, NT[14] | YEV | 68°18′15″N 133°28′58″W / 68.30417°N 133.48278°W | 68 m (223 ft) | −22.8 (−9.0) | −31.0 (−23.8) | 19.5 (67.1) | 8.6 (47.5) | −3.5 (25.7) | −12.9 (8.8) |
| Iqaluit, NU[15] | YFB | 63°45′00″N 068°33′00″W / 63.75000°N 68.55000°W | 34 m (112 ft) | −22.8 (−9.0) | −30.9 (−23.6) | 12.3 (54.1) | 4.1 (39.4) | −5.6 (21.9) | −13.1 (8.4) |
| Kugluktuk, NU[16] | YCO | 67°49′00″N 115°08′38″W / 67.81667°N 115.14389°W | 23 m (75 ft) | −23.2 (−9.8) | −31.4 (−24.5) | 15.6 (60.1) | 6.1 (43.0) | −6.1 (21.0) | −14.4 (6.1) |
| La Ronge, SK[17] | YVC | 55°09′00″N 105°16′00″W / 55.15000°N 105.26667°W | 379 m (1,243 ft) | −13.4 (7.9) | −24.2 (−11.6) | 23.5 (74.3) | 11.5 (52.7) | 5.9 (42.6) | −5.5 (22.1) |
| Mayo, YT[18] | YMA | 63°37′00″N 135°52′00″W / 63.61667°N 135.86667°W | 504 m (1,654 ft) | −18.0 (−0.4) | −28.2 (−18.8) | 22.8 (73.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 3.4 (38.1) | −8.2 (17.2) |
| Moncton, NB[19] | YQM | 46°06′19″N 064°41′02″W / 46.10528°N 64.68389°W | 71 m (233 ft) | −3.7 (25.3) | −14.0 (6.8) | 24.7 (76.5) | 12.9 (55.2) | 10.7 (51.3) | 0.1 (32.2) |
| Montreal, QC[20] | YUL | 45°28′00″N 073°45′00″W / 45.46667°N 73.75000°W | 36 m (118 ft) | −5.3 (22.5) | −14.0 (6.8) | 26.3 (79.3) | 16.1 (61.0) | 11.5 (52.7) | 2.0 (35.6) |
| Nain, NL[21] | YDP | 56°33′00″N 061°41′00″W / 56.55000°N 61.68333°W | 6 m (20 ft) | −13.5 (7.7) | −21.6 (−6.9) | 14.9 (58.8) | 5.3 (41.5) | 1.7 (35.1) | −6.6 (20.1) |
| Norman Wells, NT[22] | YVQ | 65°16′57″N 126°48′01″W / 65.28250°N 126.80028°W | 73 m (240 ft) | −22.2 (−8.0) | −29.9 (−21.8) | 22.5 (72.5) | 11.5 (52.7) | −0.4 (31.3) | −9.9 (14.2) |
| Ottawa, ON[23] | YOW | 45°19′21″N 075°40′09″W / 45.32250°N 75.66917°W | 114 m (374 ft) | −5.8 (21.6) | −14.8 (5.4) | 26.5 (79.7) | 15.5 (59.9) | 11.3 (52.3) | 1.4 (34.5) |
| Quebec City, QC[24] | YQB | 46°48′00″N 071°23′00″W / 46.80000°N 71.38333°W | 74 m (243 ft) | −7.9 (17.8) | −17.7 (0.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 13.5 (56.3) | 9.2 (48.6) | −0.8 (30.6) |
| Regina, SK[25] | YQR | 50°26′00″N 104°40′00″W / 50.43333°N 104.66667°W | 578 m (1,896 ft) | −9.3 (15.3) | −20.1 (−4.2) | 25.8 (78.4) | 11.9 (53.4) | 9.3 (48.7) | −3.2 (26.2) |
| Resolute, NU[26] | YRB | 74°43′01″N 094°58′10″W / 74.71694°N 94.96944°W | 68 m (223 ft) | −28.6 (−19.5) | −35.3 (−31.5) | 7.3 (45.1) | 1.7 (35.1) | −12.7 (9.1) | −18.6 (−1.5) |
| Saskatoon, SK[27] | YXE | 52°10′00″N 106°43′00″W / 52.16667°N 106.71667°W | 504 m (1,654 ft) | −10.1 (13.8) | −20.7 (−5.3) | 25.3 (77.5) | 11.6 (52.9) | 8.6 (47.5) | −3.5 (25.7) |
| St. John's, NL[28] | YYT | 47°37′20″N 052°44′34″W / 47.62222°N 52.74278°W | 141 m (463 ft) | −0.8 (30.6) | −8.2 (17.2) | 20.7 (69.3) | 10.9 (51.6) | 9.0 (48.2) | 1.0 (33.8) |
| Summerside, PE[29] | YSU | 46°26′20″N 063°49′54″W / 46.43889°N 63.83167°W | 20 m (66 ft) | −3.2 (26.2) | −12.1 (10.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 14.6 (58.3) | 9.9 (49.8) | 1.6 (34.9) |
| Sydney, NS[30] | YQY | 46°10′00″N 060°02′53″W / 46.16667°N 60.04806°W | 62 m (203 ft) | −1.1 (30.0) | −9.6 (14.7) | 23.1 (73.6) | 12.6 (54.7) | 10.3 (50.5) | 1.4 (34.5) |
| Thompson, MB[31] | YTH | 55°48′12″N 097°51′45″W / 55.80333°N 97.86250°W | 224 m (735 ft) | −18.3 (−0.9) | −29.3 (−20.7) | 23.1 (73.6) | 9.1 (48.4) | 3.4 (38.1) | −9.1 (15.6) |
| Timmins, ON[32] | YTS | 48°34′11″N 081°22′36″W / 48.56972°N 81.37667°W | 295 m (968 ft) | −10.6 (12.9) | −23.0 (−9.4) | 24.2 (75.6) | 10.7 (51.3) | 7.9 (46.2) | −4.3 (24.3) |
| Toronto, ON[33] | YYZ | 43°40′38″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67722°N 79.63056°W | 173 m (568 ft) | −1.5 (29.3) | −9.4 (15.1) | 27.1 (80.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 13.0 (55.4) | 3.3 (37.9) |
| Vancouver, BC[34] | YVR | 49°11′42″N 123°10′55″W / 49.19500°N 123.18194°W | 4 m (13 ft) | 6.9 (44.4) | 1.4 (34.5) | 22.2 (72.0) | 13.7 (56.7) | 13.9 (57.0) | 6.8 (44.2) |
| Victoria, BC[35] | YYJ | 48°38′50″N 123°25′33″W / 48.64722°N 123.42583°W | 20 m (66 ft) | 7.6 (45.7) | 1.5 (34.7) | 22.4 (72.3) | 11.3 (52.3) | 14.4 (57.9) | 5.6 (42.1) |
| Whitehorse, YT[36] | YXY | 60°42′34″N 135°04′08″W / 60.70944°N 135.06889°W | 706 m (2,316 ft) | −11.0 (12.2) | −19.2 (−2.6) | 20.6 (69.1) | 8.0 (46.4) | 5.1 (41.2) | −5.2 (22.6) |
| Winnipeg, MB[37] | YWG | 49°55′00″N 097°14′00″W / 49.91667°N 97.23333°W | 239 m (784 ft) | −11.3 (11.7) | −21.4 (−6.5) | 25.9 (78.6) | 13.5 (56.3) | 8.7 (47.7) | −2.7 (27.1) |
| Yarmouth, NS[38] | YQI | 43°49′51″N 066°05′19″W / 43.83083°N 66.08861°W | 43 m (141 ft) | 0.8 (33.4) | −6.9 (19.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 12.7 (54.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 3.2 (37.8) |
| Yellowknife, NT[39] | YZF | 62°27′46″N 114°26′25″W / 62.46278°N 114.44028°W | 206 m (676 ft) | −21.6 (−6.9) | −29.5 (−21.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 12.6 (54.7) | 0.0 (32.0) | −8.6 (16.5) |
Extremes[edit]
The table can be reordered by clicking on the box in each column. Places in italics are provincial capital, bold is the national capital.
| City | Weather station | Location | Elevation | January (Record high °C (°F)) |
January (Record low °C (°F)) |
July (Record high °C (°F)) |
July (Record low °C (°F)) |
Annual (Extreme high °C (°F)) |
Annual (Extreme low °C (°F)) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alberton, PE[1] | 46°51′00″N 064°01′00″W / 46.85000°N 64.01667°W | 3 m (9.8 ft) | 13.2 (55.8) | −31.7 (−25.1) | 33.0 (91.4) | 3.0 (37.4) | 33.3 (91.9) | −33.0 (−27.4) | |
| Baie-Comeau, QC[2] | YBC | 49°08′00″N 068°12′00″W / 49.13333°N 68.20000°W | 22 m (72 ft) | 11.4 (52.5) | −47.2 (−53.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 0.6 (33.1) | 32.8 (91.0) | −47.2 (−53.0) |
| Calgary, AB[3] | YYC | 51°06′50″N 114°01′13″W / 51.11389°N 114.02028°W | 1,084 m (3,556 ft) | 17.6 (63.7) | −44.4 (−47.9) | 36.1 (97.0) | −0.6 (30.9) | 36.1 (97.0) | −45.0 (−49.0) |
| Charlottetown, PE[4] | YYG | 46°17′19″N 063°07′43″W / 46.28861°N 63.12861°W | 49 m (161 ft) | 15.1 (59.2) | −30.5 (−22.9) | 33.9 (93.0) | 3.3 (37.9) | 34.4 (93.9) | −30.5 (−22.9) |
| Churchill, MB[5] | YYQ | 58°44′21″N 094°03′59″W / 58.73917°N 94.06639°W | 29 m (95 ft) | 1.7 (35.1) | −45.0 (−49.0) | 34.0 (93.2) | −2.2 (28.0) | 36.9 (98.4) | −45.4 (−49.7) |
| Corner Brook, NL[6] | 48°57′00″N 057°57′00″W / 48.95000°N 57.95000°W | 5 m (16 ft) | 16.5 (61.7) | −31.7 (−25.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | 1.1 (34.0) | 35.0 (95.0) | −31.7 (−25.1) | |
| Dawson City, YT[7] | YDA | 64°02′35″N 139°07′40″W / 64.04306°N 139.12778°W | 370 m (1,210 ft) | 9.7 (49.5) | −53.8 (−64.8) | 33.5 (92.3) | −2.0 (28.4) | 34.7 (94.5) | −55.8 (−68.4) |
| Edmonton, AB[8] | YXD | 53°34′24″N 113°31′06″W / 53.57333°N 113.51833°W | 671 m (2,201 ft) | 11.7 (53.1) | −44.4 (−47.9) | 34.6 (94.3) | 0.6 (33.1) | 34.9 (94.8) | −48.3 (−54.9) |
| Edmundston, NB[9] | 47°20′47″N 068°11′16″W / 47.34639°N 68.18778°W | 163 m (535 ft) | 13.0 (55.4) | −41.0 (−41.8) | 36.0 (96.8) | 2.0 (35.6) | 36.0 (96.8) | −41.0 (−41.8) | |
| Fort Nelson, BC[10] | YYE | 58°50′11″N 122°35′50″W / 58.83639°N 122.59722°W | 382 m (1,253 ft) | 10.7 (51.3) | −51.7 (−61.1) | 36.7 (98.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | 36.7 (98.1) | −51.7 (−61.1) |
| Fredericton, NB[11] | YFC | 45°52′20″N 066°31′40″W / 45.87222°N 66.52778°W | 21 m (69 ft) | 14.6 (58.3) | −35.6 (−32.1) | 36.7 (98.1) | 1.7 (35.1) | 37.2 (99.0) | −37.2 (−35.0) |
| Halifax, NS[12] | YHZ | 44°52′48″N 063°30′00″W / 44.88000°N 63.50000°W | 145 m (476 ft) | 14.8 (58.6) | −28.5 (−19.3) | 33.9 (93.0) | 6.1 (43.0) | 35.0 (95.0) | −28.5 (−19.3) |
| High Level, AB[13] | YOJ | 58°37′17″N 117°09′53″W / 58.62139°N 117.16472°W | 338 m (1,109 ft) | 11.3 (52.3) | −50.6 (−59.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | −0.2 (31.6) | 35.2 (95.4) | −50.6 (−59.1) |
| Inuvik, NT[14] | YEV | 68°18′15″N 133°28′58″W / 68.30417°N 133.48278°W | 68 m (223 ft) | 5.4 (41.7) | −54.4 (−65.9) | 32.8 (91.0) | −3.3 (26.1) | 32.8 (91.0) | −56.7 (−70.1) |
| Iqaluit, NU[15] | YFB | 63°45′00″N 068°33′00″W / 63.75000°N 68.55000°W | 34 m (112 ft) | 3.9 (39.0) | −45.0 (−49.0) | 26.1 (79.0) | −2.8 (27.0) | 26.1 (79.0) | −45.6 (−50.1) |
| Kugluktuk, NU[16] | YCO | 67°49′00″N 115°08′38″W / 67.81667°N 115.14389°W | 23 m (75 ft) | 0.8 (33.4) | −47.3 (−53.1) | 34.9 (94.8) | −0.8 (30.6) | 34.9 (94.8) | −47.3 (−53.1) |
| La Ronge, SK[17] | YVC | 55°09′00″N 105°16′00″W / 55.15000°N 105.26667°W | 379 m (1,243 ft) | 12.5 (54.5) | −48.3 (−54.9) | 35.5 (95.9) | 1.1 (34.0) | 36.1 (97.0) | −48.3 (−54.9) |
| Mayo, YT[18] | YMA | 63°37′00″N 135°52′00″W / 63.61667°N 135.86667°W | 504 m (1,654 ft) | 10.1 (50.2) | −58.3 (−72.9) | 35.6 (96.1) | −2.8 (27.0) | 36.1 (97.0) | −62.2 (−80.0) |
| Moncton, NB[19] | YQM | 46°06′19″N 064°41′02″W / 46.10528°N 64.68389°W | 71 m (233 ft) | 16.1 (61.0) | −32.2 (−26.0) | 35.6 (96.1) | 1.2 (34.2) | 37.2 (99.0) | −32.2 (−26.0) |
| Montreal, QC[20] | YUL | 45°28′00″N 073°45′00″W / 45.46667°N 73.75000°W | 36 m (118 ft) | 13.9 (57.0) | −37.8 (−36.0) | 35.6 (96.1) | 6.1 (43.0) | 37.6 (99.7) | −37.8 (−36.0) |
| Nain, NL[21] | YDP | 56°33′00″N 061°41′00″W / 56.55000°N 61.68333°W | 6 m (20 ft) | 10.5 (50.9) | −39.4 (−38.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | −2.8 (27.0) | 33.3 (91.9) | −41.5 (−42.7) |
| Norman Wells, NT[22] | YVQ | 65°16′57″N 126°48′01″W / 65.28250°N 126.80028°W | 73 m (240 ft) | 12.4 (54.3) | −52.2 (−62.0) | 35.0 (95.0) | −1.1 (30.0) | 35.0 (95.0) | −54.4 (−65.9) |
| Ottawa, ON[23] | YOW | 45°19′21″N 075°40′09″W / 45.32250°N 75.66917°W | 114 m (374 ft) | 12.9 (55.2) | −35.6 (−32.1) | 36.7 (98.1) | 5.0 (41.0) | 37.8 (100.0) | −36.1 (−33.0) |
| Quebec City, QC[24] | YQB | 46°48′00″N 071°23′00″W / 46.80000°N 71.38333°W | 74 m (243 ft) | 10.0 (50.0) | −35.4 (−31.7) | 35.6 (96.1) | 3.9 (39.0) | 35.6 (96.1) | −36.1 (−33.0) |
| Regina, SK[25] | YQR | 50°26′00″N 104°40′00″W / 50.43333°N 104.66667°W | 578 m (1,896 ft) | 10.4 (50.7) | −50.0 (−58.0) | 43.3 (109.9) | −2.2 (28.0) | 43.3 (109.9) | −50.0 (−58.0) |
| Resolute, NU[26] | YRB | 74°43′01″N 094°58′10″W / 74.71694°N 94.96944°W | 68 m (223 ft) | −0.8 (30.6) | −52.2 (−62.0) | 18.5 (65.3) | −3.1 (26.4) | 18.5 (65.3) | −52.2 (−62.0) |
| Saskatoon, SK[27] | YXE | 52°10′00″N 106°43′00″W / 52.16667°N 106.71667°W | 504 m (1,654 ft) | 10.0 (50.0) | −48.9 (−56.0) | 40.6 (105.1) | −3.3 (26.1) | 40.6 (105.1) | −50.0 (−58.0) |
| St. John's, NL[28] | YYT | 47°37′20″N 052°44′34″W / 47.62222°N 52.74278°W | 141 m (463 ft) | 15.7 (60.3) | −23.3 (−9.9) | 31.5 (88.7) | −1.1 (30.0) | 31.5 (88.7) | −23.8 (−10.8) |
| Summerside, PE[29] | YSU | 46°26′20″N 063°49′54″W / 46.43889°N 63.83167°W | 20 m (66 ft) | 12.1 (53.8) | −29.9 (−21.8) | 33.3 (91.9) | 6.7 (44.1) | 33.3 (91.9) | −29.9 (−21.8) |
| Sydney, NS[30] | YQY | 46°10′00″N 060°02′53″W / 46.16667°N 60.04806°W | 62 m (203 ft) | 16.9 (62.4) | −26.2 (−15.2) | 33.9 (93.0) | 2.2 (36.0) | 35.5 (95.9) | −27.3 (−17.1) |
| Thompson, MB[31] | YTH | 55°48′12″N 097°51′45″W / 55.80333°N 97.86250°W | 224 m (735 ft) | 8.1 (46.6) | −48.9 (−56.0) | 35.9 (96.6) | −1.1 (30.0) | 37.4 (99.3) | −48.9 (−56.0) |
| Timmins, ON[32] | YTS | 48°34′11″N 081°22′36″W / 48.56972°N 81.37667°W | 295 m (968 ft) | 7.6 (45.7) | −44.2 (−47.6) | 38.9 (102.0) | −0.5 (31.1) | 38.9 (102.0) | −45.6 (−50.1) |
| Toronto, ON[33] | YYZ | 43°40′38″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67722°N 79.63056°W | 173 m (568 ft) | 17.6 (63.7) | −31.3 (−24.3) | 37.6 (99.7) | 3.9 (39.0) | 38.3 (100.9) | −31.3 (−24.3) |
| Vancouver, BC[34] | YVR | 49°11′42″N 123°10′55″W / 49.19500°N 123.18194°W | 4 m (13 ft) | 15.3 (59.5) | −17.8 (0.0) | 34.4 (93.9) | 6.7 (44.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | −17.8 (0.0) |
| Victoria, BC[35] | YYJ | 48°38′50″N 123°25′33″W / 48.64722°N 123.42583°W | 20 m (66 ft) | 16.1 (61.0) | −15.6 (3.9) | 36.3 (97.3) | 4.1 (39.4) | 36.3 (97.3) | −15.6 (3.9) |
| Whitehorse, YT[36] | YXY | 60°42′34″N 135°04′08″W / 60.70944°N 135.06889°W | 706 m (2,316 ft) | 9.0 (48.2) | −52.2 (−62.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | −0.5 (31.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | −52.2 (−62.0) |
| Winnipeg, MB[37] | YWG | 49°55′00″N 097°14′00″W / 49.91667°N 97.23333°W | 239 m (784 ft) | 7.8 (46.0) | −42.2 (−44.0) | 37.8 (100.0) | 1.1 (34.0) | 40.6 (105.1) | −45.0 (−49.0) |
| Yarmouth, NS[38] | YQI | 43°49′51″N 066°05′19″W / 43.83083°N 66.08861°W | 43 m (141 ft) | 14.0 (57.2) | −21.3 (−6.3) | 30.0 (86.0) | 5.8 (42.4) | 30.3 (86.5) | −23.6 (−10.5) |
| Yellowknife, NT[39] | YZF | 62°27′46″N 114°26′25″W / 62.46278°N 114.44028°W | 206 m (676 ft) | 3.4 (38.1) | −51.2 (−60.2) | 32.5 (90.5) | 0.6 (33.1) | 32.5 (90.5) | −51.2 (−60.2) |
Maps[edit]
Notes[edit]
- Bailey, William G; Oke, TR; Rouse, Wayne R (1997). The surface climates of Canada. McGill−Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-1672-7.
- Bernstein, Steven; Steven F. Bernstein (2008), A globally integrated climate policy for Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-0-8020-9878-8
- Coward, Harold G; , Andrew John Weaver, (2007), Hard choices: climate change in Canada, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, ISBN 0-88920-442-X
- French, Hugh M; Olav Slaymaker (1993), Canada's Cold Environments, McGill−Queen's University Press, ISBN 0-7735-0925-9
- Jaccard, Mark; Jeffrey Simpson, Nic Rivers (2008), Hot Air: Meeting Canada's Climate Change Challenge, Emblem/McClelland & Stewart, ISBN 9780771080975
- Smit, Barry; Shirley Ellen Wall, Johanna Wandel (2007), Farming in a changing climate: agricultural adaptation in Canada, UBC Press, ISBN 978-0-7748-1393-8
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Alberton". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Baie-Comeau A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Calgary Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Charlottetown A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Churchill A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Corner Brook". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Dawson City A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Edmonton City Centre A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Edmundston". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Fort Nelson A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Fredericton A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Halifax Stanfield Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "High Level A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Inuvik A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Iqaluit A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Kugluktuk A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "La Ronge A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Mayo A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Moncton A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Montreal/Pierre Elliott Trudeau Intl A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Nain A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Norman Wells A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "OttawaMacdonald-Cartier Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Quebec City/Jean Lesage Intl A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Regina Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Resolute CARS". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Saskatoon Diefenbaker Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "St. John's A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Summerside A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Sydney A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Thompson A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Timmins Victor Power A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Toronto Lester B. Pearson Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Vancouver Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Victoria Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Whitehorse A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Winnipeg Richardson Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Yarmouth A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ a b "Yellowknife A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
External links[edit]
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