The phrase "New World Crops " is usually used to describe crops that were native to North and South America before 1492 and not found anywhere else in the world at that time. Many of these crops have since come to be grown around the world and have often become an integral part of various old world cultures' cuisines.
Examples [ edit ]
Table of Ancient New World Crops[1]
Grains
Little barley , maize (corn) , maygrass , wild rice
Pseudograins
Amaranth , knotweed , goosefoot (quinoa) , sunflower
Beans
Common bean , lima bean , peanut , scarlet runner bean , tepary bean
Fiber
Agave , yucca , long-staple and upland cotton
Roots and Tubers
Arrowroot , jicama , Camas root , hopniss , leren , manioc (yuca, cassava) , mashua , oca , potato , sweet potato , ulluco , yacon
Fruits
Avocado , blueberry , cherimoya , cranberry , guava (guayaba) , huckleberry , papaya , pawpaw , passionfruit , peppers , pineapple , prickly pear (tuna) , commercial strawberries , tomato , tomatillo
Melons
Chayote , squashes (including pumpkins )
Meat and poultry
Coypu , guinea pig , llama , alpaca , muscovy duck , turkey
Nuts
American chestnut , Black walnut , Brazil nut , cashew , hickory , pecans , shagbark hickory
Other
Achiote (annatto) , canna , chicle (key ingredient in chewing gum and rubber ), coca , cocoa , cochineal (red dye) , logwood , maple syrup , poinsettia , rubber , tobacco , vanilla
Agriculture [ edit ] The new world developed agriculture about 1500 years after it was first practiced in part of the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East. The following tables illustrate the crops that were grown and the chronology of domestication.
See also [ edit ] References [ edit ]
^ Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs and Steel , W. W. Norton & Company, 1999, p. 126. ^ a b Smith, Bruce D. (February 2001). "Documenting plant domestication: The consilience of biological and archaeological approaches" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (4): 1324–1326. doi :10.1073/pnas.98.4.1324 . Retrieved 4 November 2013 . ^ "Earliest-Known Evidence Of Peanut, Cotton And Squash Farming Found" . Science Daily. June 29, 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2013 . ^ Spooner, DM; et al. (2005). "A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping" . PNAS 102 (41): 14694–99. doi :10.1073/pnas.0507400102 . PMC 1253605 . PMID 16203994 . ^ Perry, Linda; Kent V. Flannery (July 17, 2007). "Precolumbian use of chili peppers in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 (29): 11905–11909. doi :10.1073/pnas.0704936104 . Retrieved 4 November 2013 . ^ Ranere, Anthony J.; Dolores R. Piper; Irene Holst; Ruth Dickau; José Iriarte (January 23, 2009). "The cultural and chronological context of early Holocene maize and squash domestication in the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (13): 5014–5018. doi :10.1073/pnas.0812590106 . PMC 2664064 . PMID 19307573 . Retrieved 4 November 2013 . ^ "Cotton: The Fiber of Life" . McGraw Hill. Retrieved 4 November 2013 . ^ Galindo-Tovar, María Elena; Arzate-Fernández, Amaury M.; Ogata-Aguilar, Nisao & Landero-Torres, Ivonne (2007). "The avocado (Persea americana , Lauraceae) crop in Mesoamerica: 10,000 years of history" (PDF) . Harvard Papers in Botany 12 (2): 325–334, page 325. doi :10.3100/1043-4534(2007)12[325:TAPALC]2.0.CO;2 . JSTOR 41761865 . Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2015. ^ "History of Chocolate Timeline - Origin of Chocolate" . thenibble.com .
Ceremonial
Dwellings
Water management
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