List of National Parks of Canada

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Parks in Canada's provinces and territories

This is a list of National Parks of Canada. Canadian National Parks preserve both spectacular and representative areas of the country, located in every one of the nation's 13 provinces and territories. The goal of the national park service is to create a system of protected areas which represent all the distinct natural regions of the country.[1] Parks Canada – the governing and administration body for the system – has developed a plan identifying 39 different regions it aims to represent. In 2005, Parks Canada reported that the system was more than 60% complete. Canada's parks are managed primarily to protect the ecological integrity of the park, and secondarily to allow the public to explore, learn about and enjoy Canada's natural spaces.[1] Feasibility studies are currently underway for establishing further national parks in several areas.[2]

As of 2015, there are 38 National Parks and eight National Park Reserves (Kluane is the name for two areas–a national park and an adjacent proposed national park (a National Park Reserve)). National Park Reserves are areas intended to become national parks pending settlement of native land claims. Until then, they are managed under the National Parks Act as quasi-parks, but are included here in the main list.[3] This page also includes the country's three National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCAs), a single NMCA Reserve, the lone National Landmark, and proposed parks. National parks currently cover an area of 303,571 km², or about 3.0% of the total land area of Canada. Rounding out the national park system is a collection of National Historic Sites, listed separately.

National Parks and National Park Reserves[edit]

National Park Reserves are indicated by "(Reserve)" after the park name.

  World Heritage Site or part of a World Heritage Site
Name Photo Location Area Established
Aulavik Northwest Territories 12,200 km2 (4,710 sq mi) 1992
Auyuittuq Pangnirtung Fiord S 2 2001-07-15.jpg Nunavut 19,089 km2 (7,370 sq mi) 2001
Banff Moraine Lake 17092005.jpg Alberta 6,641 km2 (2,564 sq mi) 1885
Bruce Peninsula CyprusLake - Bruce Peninsula.jpg Ontario 154 km2 (59 sq mi) 1987
Cape Breton Highlands NS CapeBretonHighlands1 tango7174.jpg Nova Scotia 949 km2 (366 sq mi) 1936
Elk Island Bison Elk Island.jpg Alberta 194 km2 (75 sq mi) 1913
Forillon Forillon National Park of Canada 1.jpg Quebec 244 km2 (94 sq mi) 1970
Fundy Fundy NP New Brunswick 1.jpg New Brunswick 206 km2 (80 sq mi) 1948
Georgian Bay Islands BeausoleilIslandCedarSprings2004.jpg Ontario 14 km2 (5 sq mi) 1929
Glacier Glacier np canada.JPG British Columbia 1,349 km2 (521 sq mi) 1886
Grasslands Saskatchewan - Grasslands National Park 02.JPG Saskatchewan 907 km2 (350 sq mi) 1981
Gros Morne NLW GrosMorne4 tango7174.jpg Newfoundland and Labrador 1,805 km2 (697 sq mi) 1973
Gulf Islands
(Reserve)		 Gulfislfromair.jpg British Columbia 36 km2 (14 sq mi) 2003
Gwaii Haanas[A]
(Reserve)		 Haida Heritage Centre.jpg British Columbia 1,495 km2 (577 sq mi) 1988
Ivvavik[B] Canada--yukon--ivvavik-np--spe 3021.jpg Yukon 10,168 km2 (3,926 sq mi) 1984
Jasper Fryatt Valley top.jpg Alberta 10,878 km2 (4,200 sq mi) 1907
Kejimkujik Kejimkujik NP Nova Scotia 3.jpg Nova Scotia 404 km2 (156 sq mi) 1968
Kluane[C]
(two units: a Park and a Reserve)		 Donjek Valley.jpg Yukon 22,013 km2 (8,499 sq mi) 1976 (Reserve)
1993 (Park)
Kootenay Kootenay National Park.jpg British Columbia 1,406 km2 (543 sq mi) 1920
Kouchibouguac Kouchibouguac.JPG New Brunswick 239 km2 (92 sq mi) 1969
La Mauricie Ile aux pins.jpg Quebec 536 km2 (207 sq mi) 1970
Mingan Archipelago
(Reserve)		 Monolithes de L'Archipel de Mingan.jpg Quebec 151 km2 (58 sq mi) 1984
Mount Revelstoke Revelstoke from Mount Revelstoke.jpg British Columbia 260 km2 (100 sq mi) 1914
Naats'ihch'oh[4]
(Reserve)		 Howard's Pass Yukon Territory 1.jpg Northwest Territories 4,850 km2 (1,873 sq mi) 2014
Nahanni
(Reserve)		 Nahanni - VirginiaFalls.jpg Northwest Territories 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) 1976
Pacific Rim
(Reserve)		 Longbeach prnp.jpg British Columbia 511 km2 (197 sq mi) 1970
Point Pelee Point Pelee looking south.jpg Ontario 15 km2 (6 sq mi) 1918
Prince Albert Prince Albert National Park.jpg Saskatchewan 3,874 km2 (1,496 sq mi) 1927
Prince Edward Island Peicoast.jpg Prince Edward Island 22 km2 (8 sq mi) 1937
Pukaskwa HorseshoeBayPukaskwaPark23.jpg Ontario 1,878 km2 (725 sq mi) 1978
Qausuittuq Nunavut 11,000 km2 (4,247 sq mi) 2015
Quttinirpaaq[E] Tanquary Fiord 16 1997-08-05.jpg Nunavut 37,775 km2 (14,585 sq mi) 2001
Riding Mountain[F] Bison herd - Lake Audy - Riding Mountain National Park.JPG Manitoba 2,973 km2 (1,148 sq mi) 1933
Sable Island
(Reserve)		 SableHorses.jpg Nova Scotia 34 km2 (13 sq mi) 2013
Sirmilik Sirmilik Glacier 2 1997-08-06.jpg Nunavut 22,200 km2 (8,571 sq mi) 2001
Terra Nova NLC TerraNova3 tango7174.jpg Newfoundland and Labrador 400 km2 (154 sq mi) 1957
Thousand Islands Thousand Islands 2.JPG Ontario 24 km2 (9 sq mi) 1904
Torngat Mountains Nachvak Fjord Labrador 2008.JPG Newfoundland and Labrador 9,700 km2 (3,745 sq mi) 2008
Tuktut Nogait Hornaday River.jpg Northwest Territories 16,340 km2 (6,309 sq mi) 1996
Ukkusiksalik Eisbär 1996-07-23.jpg Nunavut 20,885 km2 (8,064 sq mi) 2003
Vuntut Vontut National Park.jpg Yukon 4,345 km2 (1,678 sq mi) 1995
Wapusk Bärenmutter & Junges 3 2004-11-17.jpg Manitoba 11,475 km2 (4,431 sq mi) 1996
Waterton Lakes[G] Upper Waterton Lake.JPG Alberta 505 km2 (195 sq mi) 1895
Wood Buffalo Wood-Buffalo-NP Gros Beak Lake 2 98-07-02.jpg Alberta
Northwest Territories		 44,807 km2 (17,300 sq mi) 1922
Yoho YohoNP-Takakkaw IMG 1372-800x533byBMK.jpg British Columbia 1,313 km2 (507 sq mi) 1886

Proposed National Parks and National Park Reserves[edit]

All National Park Reserves listed above are, by definition, proposed national parks, to be added to the park system upon settlement of Native land claims. In the interim, they are administered under the National Parks Act. In addition, the places in the table below are proposed parks or National Park Reserves.

Name Location Area
Akami–uapishku-KakKasuak-Mealy Mountains[5]
(Reserve)		 Newfoundland and Labrador 10,700 km2 (4,131 sq mi)
Thaidene Nene (Reserve)[6] Northwest Territories Approx. 14,000 km2 (5,405 sq mi)[7]

Abolished National Parks[edit]

Name Location Established Abolished
Brereton Lake[8] Manitoba 1922
Buffalo National Park[9] Alberta 1909 1947
Menissawok National Park[10] Saskatchewan 1922 May 30, 1930
Nemiskam National Park[9] Alberta 1914 1947
Vidal's Point Park [11] Saskatchewan October 31, 1921 May 30, 1930
Wawaskesy National Park[12] Alberta 1922 1938

National Urban Park[edit]

Name Photo Location Area Established
Rouge National Urban Park Ontario 19.1 km2 (7 sq mi)[13][14] May 15, 2015

National Marine Conservation Areas[edit]

National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCAs) are a relatively new invention in the park system. Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area, created in 2015, is the only unit that uses this designation in its name. Fathom Five National Marine Park was created in 1987, prior to the NMCA concept, and subsequently classified as an NMCA without changing its legal name. The case of Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park is similar, while Gwaii Haanas is an NMCA Reserve, with the intention of becoming an NMCA.

These areas have or will have a different mandate than their terrestrial counterparts. They are designed for sustainable use, although they usually also contain areas designed to protect ecological integrity.[15] The government has announced plans to add five marine parks to the system as part of the Marine Conservation Areas Act. The first to be announced was Lake Superior in 2007; it was officially established in 2015. Other areas under negotiation are the southern Strait of Georgia and Gwaii Haanas in British Columbia, and there are discussions to study the feasibility of an area on the southern coast of Newfoundland.[16]

Name Photo Location Area Established
Fathom Five Flowerpot Island Big Flowerpot.JPG Ontario 112 km2 (43 sq mi) 1987
Gwaii Haanas (Reserve) British Columbia 1,500 km2 (579 sq mi)[17] 2010
Lake Superior Silver Islet ON.JPG Ontario 10,000 km2 (3,861 sq mi)[18] 2015
Saguenay-St. Lawrence Fjord Saguenay.JPG Quebec 1,246 km2 (481 sq mi)[19] 1998

Proposed National Marine Conservation Areas[edit]

As a National Marine Conservation Area Reserve, Gwaii Haanas, listed above, is, by definition, a proposed NMCA, to be added to the park system upon settlement of Native land/water claims. In the interim, it is administered under park rules. In addition, the places in the table below are proposed NMCAs or NMCA Reserves.

Name Location Area
Lancaster Sound Nunavut 40,000 km2 (15,444 sq mi)[20]
Magdalen Islands Quebec 16,500 km2 (6,371 sq mi)[21]
Southern Strait of Georgia (Reserve) British Columbia 1,400 km2 (541 sq mi)[22]

National Landmark[edit]

In addition to national parks, a National Landmarks program was established in 1978 but has not yet been expanded beyond a single property. Landmarks were intended to protect specific natural features considered "outstanding, exceptional, unique, or rare to this country. These natural features would typically be isolated entities and of scientific interest."[23]

Name Photo Location Area Established
Pingo Pingos near Tuk.jpg Northwest Territories 16 km2 (6 sq mi) 1984

See also[edit]

Portal icon Geography of Canada portal

Provincial parks are administered and funded by the provincial governments, however some provincial parks are categorized as national parks (Category II) under the IUCN's Protected Area Management Categories.

Notes[edit]

  • ^ A. South Moresby National Park Reserve was created July 12, 1988, with the signing of the South Moresby Agreement; renamed Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site on February 28, 1996. Includes SGaang Gwaii (Anthony Island) World Heritage Site.[24]
  • ^ B. Established as Northern Yukon National Park in 1984, renamed Ivvavik National Park in 1992.[25]
  • ^ C. Kluane National Park Reserve was set aside in 1976, following the Kluane Game Reserve of the early 1940s. Subsequently, an eastern portion of the Reserve became Kluane National Park in 1993.
  • ^ D. In 2007, the government announced that 29,000 km2 (11,197 sq mi) of land would be added to Nahanni, making it 33,766 km2 (13,037 sq mi). However, these changes have not been fully implemented yet.[26]
  • ^ E. Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve was established in 1988, renamed Quttinirpaaq in 1999 and became a national park in 2000.[27]
  • ^ F. Riding Mountain National Park was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1986.[28]
  • ^ G. Glacier National Park is part of Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, a World Heritage Site.

References[edit]

General
Specific
  1. ^ a b "National Parks of Canada - Introduction". Parks Canada. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  2. ^ "National Parks of Canada - Creating New National Parks of Canada". Parks Canada. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  3. ^ "Backgrounder - Working toward the creation of Nááts’ihch’oh National Park Reserve". Parks Canada. 2008-04-07. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  4. ^ "Canada getting new national park in Northwest Territories". Canadian Press. 2008-04-07. Retrieved 2008-04-07. [dead link]
  5. ^ Harper Government Announces Creation of a National Park Reserve in the Mealy Mountains of Labrador, Parks Canada news release, July 31, 2015. Its creation depends on a negotiated Park Impacts and Benefits Agreement, prior to being proclaimed under the National Parks Act, and then only as a Reserve, not a full national park.
  6. ^ "Ottawa, Dene agree to create vast national park". CBC News. 2006-10-14. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  7. ^ "Nature Canada Applauds Federal Government’s Renewed Commitment to National Park System". Nature Canada. 2006-10-16. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  8. ^ Hart, E.J. "J.B. Harkin: Father of Canada's National Parks", The University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, AB, 2010, p. 340.
  9. ^ a b Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Fish and Wildlife Historical Society (2005). Fish, Fur & Feathers: Fish and Wildlife Conservation in Alberta 1905-2005. Nature books of Alberta. p. 100. ISBN 0-9696134-7-4. 
  10. ^ "Significant events in the history of Parks Canada". Canadian Geographic. Retrieved 2011-05-03. 
  11. ^ National Parks Administration (1885 to 1973), Chapter 4 in A History of Canada's National Parks Volume II, by W.F. Lothian, Parks Canada, 1976-1987
  12. ^ "Project Update: Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands". University of Alberta. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  13. ^ Newly Identified Land Uses for the Pickering Lands, Transport Canada map, July 17, 2015
  14. ^ Government of Canada Announces Expansion of Rouge National Urban Park!, Latest News section, Parks Canada. These lands are the first to be transferred to the national park service, about 20 percent of the authorized total.
  15. ^ "National Marine Conservation Areas of Canada". Parks Canada. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  16. ^ Ditchburn, Jennifer (2007-10-24). "PM expected to unveil marine conservation area". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  17. ^ "Minister visits, celebrates marine park's creation". The Queen Charlotte Islands Observer. 2010-06-14. 
  18. ^ "Harper announces creation of protected marine park". CBC News. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  19. ^ "Registre des aires protégées du Québec" (PDF). Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs du Québec. Retrieved 2008-04-27. 
  20. ^ Proposed Lancaster Sound National Marine Conservation Area, Parks Canada, 2011
  21. ^ Study on the Creation of a Marine Protected Area in Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Parks Canada, 2012
  22. ^ Feasibility Study for the Proposed Southern Strait of Georgia National Marine Conservation Area Reserve, Parks Canada, 2012
  23. ^ "Pingo Canadian Landmark - Park Management". Parks Canada. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  24. ^ "Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  25. ^ "Ivvavik National Park". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  26. ^ "Tories' expansion of Nahanni park praised". CTV Television Network. 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  27. ^ "Quttinirpaaq National Park". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  28. ^ "Biosphere Reserve Information - Canada - Riding Mountain". UNESCO. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 

External links[edit]

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