Charruan languages
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| Charruan | |
|---|---|
| Ethnicity: | Charrúa people |
| Geographic distribution: |
Uruguay and Entre Ríos Province, Argentina |
| Linguistic classification: | Mataco–Guaicuru ?
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| Subdivisions: | |
| Glottolog: | char1238[1] |
Pre-contact distribution of the Charruan languages
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The Charruan languages are an extinct group of languages once spoken in Uruguay and the Argentine province of Entre Ríos. In 2005 a semi-speaker of Chaná language was found.[2]
Four languages are considered to definitively belong to the Charruan language family:[3]
A number of unattested languages are also presumed to belong to the Charruan family:[3]
- Bohane – spoken near Maldonado, Uruguay
- Calchine – spoken in Santa Fe Province, Argentina, along the Salado River
- Caracañá – spoken along the Caracañá River, Santa Fe
- Chaná-Mbegua or Begua – spoken on the Paraná River between Crespo and Victoria
- Colastiné – spoken in Santa Fe Province near Colastiné
- Corondá – spoken in Coronda, Santa Fe Province
- Guaiquiaré – spoken in Entre Ríos on the Arroyo Guaiquiraré
- Mocoreta or Macurendá or Mocolete – spoken along the Mocoretá River in Entre Ríos
- Pairindi – spoken in Entre Ríos from Corrientes to the Feliciano River
- Timbu – spoken in Gaboto, Santa Fe Province
- Yaro – spoken in Uruguay between the Río Negro and the San Salvador River
Vocabulary Comparison[edit]
The Charruan languages are poorly attested. However, sufficient vocabulary has been gathered for the languages to be compared:[3]
| English | Charrua | Chaná | Güenoa |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye | i-xou | ||
| ear | i-mau | ||
| hand | guar | mbó | |
| water | hué | atá | |
| sun | dioi | ||
| dog | samayoí | lochan | |
| tree | huok | ||
| one | yú | ugil | yut |
| two | sam | usan | |
| three | detí | detit |
Genetic relations[edit]
Jorge Suárez includes Charruan with Guaicuruan in a hypothetical Waikuru-Charrúa stock. Morris Swadesh includes Charruan along with Guaicuruan, Matacoan, and Mascoyan within his Macro-Mapuche stock. Both proposals appear to be obsolete.
References[edit]
- ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Charruan". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ^ La Nación, "Investigan los orígenes de una extraña lengua indígena" 2005/July/01
- ^ a b c Loukotka, Čestmír (1968), Classification of South American Indian Languages, Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center
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