Ihor Kolomoyskyi

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In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming conventions, the patronymic is Valeriyovych and the family name is Kolomoyskyi.

Ihor Kolomoyskyi
Ihor Kolomoyskyi2.jpg
Kolomoyskyi in 2013
Born (1963-02-13) 13 February 1963 (age 59)
Dnepropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
(present-day Dnipro, Ukraine)[1]
Other namesIgor Kolomoisky
Citizenship
Alma materDnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Academy[4]
OccupationBusinessman, politician
Known forCo-owner of PrivatBank
Owner of FC Dnipro
Spouse(s)Irina Kolomoyskyi
Children2
Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
In office
2 March 2014[4] – 24 March 2015
Preceded byDmytro Kolesnikov[5][6]
Succeeded byValentyn Reznichenko (acting)[7]

Ihor Valeriyovych Kolomoyskyi (Ukrainian: Ігор Валерійович Коломойський, Igor Valerevich Kolomoisky; Hebrew: איגור קולומויסקי; born 13 February 1963) is a Ukrainian–Israeli–Cypriot billionaire, businessman, and politician, the former Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.[9] Kolomoyskyi is of Jewish origin.[1]

Kolomoyskyi is rated as the second or third richest person in Ukraine (after Rinat Akhmetov and/or Viktor Pinchuk) since 2006.[10][11] and 1941st richest person in the world according to the Forbes magazine list of billionaires (as of 2019).[8] In March 2015 The Economist listed his net worth as $1.36 billion.[12] Kolomoyskyi is the leading partner of the Privat Group and a de facto chairman of the FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk.[13]

In 2019, Kolomoyskyi was included in the list of the 100 most influential Ukrainians by the Ukrainian magazine Focus, taking the 3rd place.[14]

In 2021 the US banned him and his family from entering the country due to "significant corruption", with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken claiming that he was "involved in corrupt acts that undermined rule of law and the Ukrainian public's faith in their government's democratic institutions and public processes, including using his political influence and official power for his personal benefit" and that he "poses a serious threat to the future of Ukraine."[15]

Early life and education[edit]

Kolomoyskyi was born in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union, to a Jewish family of engineers. He was graduated from the Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute in 1985.[1]

Name[edit]

The transliteration of Ihor Kolomoyskyi's name into English has numerous variants including Igor, or Ihor for his first name, and Kolomoyskyi, Kolomoysky, Kolomoisky, Kolomoiskiy, or Kolomoyskiy for his surname.

Kolomoyskyi uses the nickname Benya (Беня)[16] (an invocation of the infamous Ukrainian (and Jewish) criminal reprobate Benya Krik, popularly fictionalized in Isaac Babel's The Odessa Tales (1948)). Occasionally, Kolomoyskyi is called Bonifatsiy (the eponymous star of the popular Soviet cartoon "Каникулы Бонифация" (Bonifacy's holidays by Soyuzmultfilm (1965)).

Career[edit]

Kolomoyskyi is the co-founder of the PrivatBank and its informal Privat Group, respectively and in 1997 was appointed chairman of its board of directors.[1][13]

PrivatBank was the only Ukrainian lender to receive permission from the National Bank of Ukraine to open an overseas branch opening two branches: one branch in Latvia, which was established on 31 July 1992 and was involved in improper actions in 2014, and one branch in Cyprus, which opened in the late 1990s and was involved with the nationalization of PrivatBank in 2016.[17][18][19][20][21]

As of 2008, other fields of activity included: ferroalloys, finance, oil products, mass media,[22] metal and petroleum industries, also in Russia and Romania.[23]

Kolomoysky has a triple Ukraine-Israel-Cyprus citizenship, despite the law penalizing dual citizenship in Ukraine.[24] By way of explanation, Kolomoyskyi stated that: "The constitution prohibits double citizenship but triple citizenship is not forbidden."[25]

Political career[edit]

Analysts have listed Kolomoyskyi as an ally of Ukrainian politician Yulia Tymoshenko and her bloc of political parties called Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko.[1] Although according to RIA Novosti (in January 2010), Kolomoysky relations with Tymoshenko "were soured some time ago, probably due to his refusal to finance Tymoshenko's election campaign" in 2010.[26] Croatian newspaper Nacional claimed in September 2007 that Kolomoyskyi had become an ally of (then) Ukrainian President Victor Yushchenko and had financed Yushchenko's Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc.[23]

In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election Kolomoyskyi was perceived as being one of UDAR's main sponsors.[27] This has been denied by UDAR.[28]

Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, 2014-15[edit]

On 2 March 2014, amidst the 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine, acting President Oleksandr Turchynov appointed Kolomoyskyi Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.[29] Two days later, Russian President Vladimir Putin described Kolomoyskyi as a "unique crook," and said that the citizens of Dnipropetrovsk were not happy with his appointment as Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.[9] According to Putin, Roman Abramovich has been cheated by Igor Kolomoyskyi. Putin claimed that Kolomoyskyi had reneged on a contract with Abramovich, saying "He [Kolomoyskyi] even managed to cheat our Roman Abramovich two or three years ago. Scammed him, as our intellectuals like to say. They signed some deal, Abramovich transferred several billion dollars, while this guy never delivered and pocketed the money. When I asked him [Abramovich]: "Why did you do it?" he said: "I never thought this was possible."[30] In contrast, The Daily Beast, a US publication, wrote in mid-June 2014 that Kolomoyskyi enjoyed the local population's strong support. "I don't care if he's like Hitler, as long as he prevents war coming here," says a local restaurateur.[31]

In April 2014 Kolomoyskyi offered a bounty for the capture of Russian-backed militants and incentives for the turning in of weapons.[32] He also is believed to have spent $10 million to create the Dnipro Battalion,[31][33] and also funded the Aidar, allegedly Azov, Dnepr 1, Dnepr 2, and Donbas volunteer battalions.[34][35]

Russia asked for Kolomoyskyi to be put on Interpol's wanted list.[36] On 2 July 2014 a Russian District Court authorized his arrest in absentia for "organizing the killing of civilians".[37]

In March 2015, after the dismissal of Oleksandr Lazorko, who was a protege of Kolomoyskyi, as a chief executive of UkrTransNafta, Ukraine's state-owned oil pipeline operator, men reported to be Kolomoyskyi's personal militia raided the UkrTransNafta's headquarters to expel the new government-appointed chief from the office. While Lazorko was in charge the state-owned pipelines had been delivering oil to an Kolomoisky-owned refinery in preference to competitors.[12][38] According to Kolomoyskyi the raids were done with the aim to protect the companies from raiders and he related to it as a "PR-stunt to improve the ratings of smaller parties".[39]

On 25 March 2015, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko signed a decree dismissing Kolomoyskyi from the post of Dnipropetrovsk RSA Head, saying "Dnipropetrovsk region must remain a bastion of Ukraine in the East and protect peace". Kolomoyskyi was replaced by Valentyn Reznichenko.[12][40][41]

Jewish politics[edit]

Kolomoyski is a prominent supporter of Ukraine's Jewish community[42] and the president of the United Jewish Community of Ukraine.[43] In 2010, he was appointed as the president of the European Council of Jewish Communities (ECJC)[44] after promising the outgoing president he would donate $14 million,[45] with his appointment being described as a "putsch"[43][44] and a "Soviet-style takeover"[46] by other ECJC board members. After several ECJC board members resigned in protest, Kolomyski quit the ECJC and, together with fellow Ukrainian oligarch Vadim Rabinovich, founded the European Jewish Union.[45]

Fighting against separatism, 2014[edit]

Main article: 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine

On 22 February 2014, he said that separatism would not take place in Dnipropetrovsk. He named Kharkiv Mayor Hennadiy Kernes's calling of the "Ukrainian Front" congress a farce and urged politicians to soberly look at the situation and form their position "in the light of the Constitution of Ukraine".[47][48]

On 17 April, 2014 deputy head of the DODA Filatov stated that Kolomoisky would pay $10,000 for each transferred Russian saboteur. On 22 April, deputy head of the National Defense Staff of the Dnipropetrovsk region Mikhail Lysenko informed that Kolomoisky paid 10 thousand US dollars for the arrest of 8 Russian saboteurs.[49]

On 3 June 2014, a $500,000 reward was announced for the delivery of Oleg Tsaryov, a leader of the separatists, to the law enforcement agencies of Ukraine.[50]

2015-today[edit]

After leaving the Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast post, Kolomoyskyi obtained a U.S. Visa. He moved to mainly reside in Switzerland, also spending time in the United States.[51]

In 2015 Victor Pinchuk brought a $2 billion civil action against Kolomoyskyi and Gennadiy Bogolyubov in the High Court of Justice in London over the 2004 purchase of a Ukrainian mining company. Allegations made include murder and bribery.[52][53] In January 2016 an undisclosed out of court settlement was reached just before the trial was due to start.[54]

During its November 2016 party congress Kolomoyskyi was elected into the party leadership of the political party UKROP.[55] In 2016 Kolomoisky and his business partner Gennadiy Bogolyubov were accused of defrauding Ukraine's largest bank PrivatBank of billions of dollars.[17][56] The Ukrainian government nationalized the bank in 2016 after paying off a $5.6 billion bailout using IMF funds.[17][56] The lawsuit against Kolomoisky was brought by PrivatBank to the High Court in London and initially resulted in freezing $2.6 billion of the oligarch's assets. However, in 2018 the High Court in London ruled that it had no jurisdiction for further proceedings and found that "PrivatBank "fabricated" the case in an attempt to bring a claim in London"[57]

Prior to the nationalization of Privatbank in Ukraine on 15 December 2016, the founders of PrivatBank, Kolomoysky and Bogolyubov held a 49.154% stake and a 49.027% stake, respectively, and PrivatBank was the largest bank in Ukraine holding 20% of the market.[17][58][59]

In April 2019, a Ukrainian court ruled that the nationalisation of PrivatBank was illegal.[60][61] Ukraine's central bank said it would not be possible to reverse the nationalisation and that it would appeal the decision.[60] Kolomoisky states that he has no interest in taking over control of the bank and seeks $2bn in compensation for losses he insists were incurred during the nationalisation.[62] Kolomoyskyi was Football Club Dnipro's owner and president (1998–2019) as the club was owned by the Privat Group that also owns BC Dnipro and Budivelnyk Kyiv).[63] In January 2016 Kolomoyskyi brought a complaint in the Permanent Court of Arbitration against Russia, alleging he was deprived of his right to operate a passenger airport in Crimea after the 2014 annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.[64][65] A criminal case against Kolomoisky was also started in Russia in January 2016, where he is accused of organizing murders and the use of prohibited methods of warfare.[66]

As of 2019, Kolomoyski owned 70% of the 1+1 Media Group whose TV channel 1+1 aired "Servant of the People", the comedy series in which Volodymyr Zelensky played the role of president of Ukraine. On 31 March 2019 Zelensky won the most votes in the first round of Ukraine's real presidential elections,[67] resulting in Yulia Tymoshenko being eliminated from the next round.[68]

In November 2019, the New York Times reported that Kolomoisky was behind plans to build a controversial ski resort in Svydovets, Ukraine. In the article, a professor at a local university was quoted describing Kolomoisky as "a leech who sucks our blood here and puts it in Switzerland."[69]

Criminal investigation and blacklisting, 2019[edit]

When PrivatBank was nationalized in 2016, Kolomoyskyi held 80% of PrivatBank's loan portfolio with almost none of the loans backed with collateral. The IMF loans to Ukraine were paying for Kolomoyskyi, seven of his friends and two of their subordinates and their company's problematic loans. On February 14, 2017, their company's were liquidated.[17][18][70][71][72][a]

In April 2019 it was reported the FBI was investigating Kolomoisky over financial crimes involving Bogolyubov, the Krivyi Rih businessman Vadim Shulman and Mordechai "Motti" Korf of Florida along with Kolomoyski's steel holdings in West Virginia and northern Ohio in the United States and his mining interests in Ghana and Australia.[73][74][75] Legal filings from American prosecutors in 2019 detailed how Kolomoisky used his control of Ukraine’s largest retail bank, PrivatBank, to loot staggering sums from Ukrainian depositors, and via a series of shell companies and offshore accounts whisked the money out of the country and into the U.S.[71][76]

On August 6, 2020, the United States Department of Justice in the Southern District of Florida (Miami) alleged that Ihor Kolomoisky, Gennadiy Boholiubov, Mordechai Korf, and Uriel Lader collectively obtained numerous properties as part of a $5.5 billion Ponzi scheme as "an international conspiracy to launder money embezzled and fraudulently obtained from PrivatBank," which was nationalized in 2016 to prevent a collapse of Ukraine's equivalent to the United States' FDIC, and using PrivatBank's "Cyprus branch... as a washing machine for the stolen loan funds."[17][18][71][77][78]

In April 2021 Kolomoyski and his wife and children were banned from entering the US,[79] The USDS accused him of corruptly using his time as Governor of Dnipropetrovsk to personally enrich himself. In a statement Secretary of State Antony Blinken said:

While this designation is based on acts during his time in office, I also want to express concern about Kolomoyskyy’s current and ongoing efforts to undermine Ukraine’s democratic processes and institutions, which pose a serious threat to its future.[80]

Assets[edit]

Through PrivatBank he controlled Aerosvit Airlines, Dniproavia and Donbassaero.[81] Through the asset management company Mansvell Enterprises Limited, he controlled Skyways Express, City Airline, and Cimber Sterling aviation companies.[82] He also has media interests in the 1+1 Media Group, which operates eight Ukrainian TV channels.[12]

As of 2007, Kolomoyskyi was a billionaire listed by Forbes as the 799th-richest man in the world (with 3.8 billion dollars,[83] in 2010 Kyiv Post estimated his wealth at $6.243 billion.[84]) In March 2012 Forbes placed him 377th with $3 billion.[10] In 2010 Kyiv Post listed Kolomoyskyi as the second richest person in Ukraine;[84] in 2012 Forbes rated him the third richest person in Ukraine.[10] In these lists Kolomoyskyi has only been surpassed in wealth by Rinat Akhmetov or/and Viktor Pinchuk.[10][11] In March 2015, after the sharp decline in the value of the Ukrainian hryvnia, The Economist listed his net worth as $1.36 billion.[12]

In early September 2007, Ronald Lauder announced that Kolomoyskyi holds a 3% stake and is on the board of directors of Central European Media Enterprises.[85]

Since 2010 rumors circulated that Kolomoiskyi's assets were coming under pressure from the authorities.[84] Kolomoiskyi controls his business empire from Switzerland.[citation needed]

In September 2013, Kolomoyskyi was criticized by Mr Justice Mann in a court case in London involving an attempted hostile takeover of Alexander Zhukov's JKX Oil and Gas Company,[b][c] with the judge stating that he had "a reputation of having sought to take control of a company at gunpoint in Ukraine" and that a finance director considered she had "strong grounds for doubting the honesty of Mr Kolomoyskyi".[90] JKX Oil and Gas are associated with Dmitro Firtash.

Following the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea the Crimean assets of Kolomoyskyi have been nationalized; according to Crimean leader Sergey Aksyonov this was "totally justified due to the fact that he is one of the initiators and financiers of the special anti-terrorist operation in the Eastern Ukraine where Russian citizens are being killed".[91][92] In response Kolomoyskyi has filed a complaint against Russia at the Permanent Court of Arbitration; according to Russia, the court has no jurisdiction over the matter and it will not participate in proceedings.[93]

Prior to 15 December 2016, Kolomoyski was a business partner of both Igor Mazepa and Andгeas Sofocleous because Mazepa through his Concorde Bermuda owns a 9.23% stake and Sofocleous owns a large private stake in the Latvian bank AS PrivatBank which was not nationalized but gained the government of Ukraine as the largest shareholder of AS PrivatBank (Latvia) on 15 December 2016 after JSC CB PrivatBank (Ukraine) was nationalized due to Kolomoyski and his close friends having almost 80% of the loan portfolio of JSC CB PrivatBank (Ukraine), the largest bank in Ukraine with a 20% share of the market.[94][95][70] As of 2017 Kolomoyski was a major investor in Mazepa's Concorde Capital.[94]

Personal life[edit]

He is married with two children.[4][22] His daughter is Angelika Kolomoiska, and his son Israel Zvi Kolomoisky.[96] They live in Kyiv.[8]

Awards[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The alleged nominal owners for the beneficial ownership of Kolomoyskyi were Viktor Shkindel, Ihor Malanchak and Ivan Makoviichuk, who owned eight Kharkiv firms, and Viacheslav Plakasov, who was the CEO of Optima 770, Volodymyr Golovko, who is a manager in Kolomoyskyi's oil refinery, Serhiy Kazarov, who is the head of the fuel supplier Tsyurupinskiy Agropostach, Vitaly Nemov, who is a manager of a gas station for Avias and owns Olymp Oil, Vadim Andreyuk, who owned three Kharkiv firms, and Anatoliy Derkach, who is a taxi driver that owns Avaris.[56]
  2. ^ Zhukov has been dominate in JKX Oil and Gas since the 1980s when it held a monopoly on oil exports from the port of Odessa. In 2006, Zhukov owned a 25.88% stake in JKX Oil and Gas.[86][87]
  3. ^ In 2008, Alexander Zhukov's daughter Daria Zhukova (Russian: Дарья Жукова) was Roman Abramovich's girlfriend.[88][89]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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