Singapore Changi Airport

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Singapore Changi Airport
Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura
新加坡樟宜机场
(Xīnjiāpō Zhāngyí Jīchǎng)
சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி
சர்வதேச விமானநிலையம் 
(Ciṅkappūr Cāṅki Vimana Nilaiyam)
Singapore Changi Airport logo.svg
Airport of Singapore, Crowne Plaza.JPG
IATA: SIN – ICAO: WSSS
– WMO: 48698
Summary
Airport type Public / Military
Owner Government of Singapore[1]
Operator
Serves Singapore
Location Changi, Singapore
Opened 1 July 1981 (operational)
29 December 1981 (official)
Hub for
Time zone SST (UTC+08:00)
Elevation AMSL 6.66 m / 22 ft
Coordinates 01°21′33.16″N 103°59′21.5″E / 1.3592111°N 103.989306°E / 1.3592111; 103.989306Coordinates: 01°21′33.16″N 103°59′21.5″E / 1.3592111°N 103.989306°E / 1.3592111; 103.989306
Website www.changiairport.com
Map
SIN/WSSS is located in Singapore
SIN/WSSS
SIN/WSSS
Location in Singapore
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
02L/20R[N 1] 4,000 13,123 Asphalt concrete
02C/20C 4,000 13,123 Asphalt concrete
02R/20L 2,750 9,022 Asphalt
Statistics (2015)
Passenger Movements Increase 55,448,964
Air Freight Movements (tons) Increase 1,853,087
Aircraft Movements Increase 346,334

Singapore Changi Airport (IATA: SIN, ICAO: WSSS), or simply Changi Airport, is the primary civilian airport for Singapore, and one of the largest transportation hubs in Southeast Asia. It is currently the World's Best Airport (Skytrax 2016),[3] for the fourth consecutive year and counting (Skytrax's World's Best Airport 2013-2016) and is one of the world's busiest airports by international passenger traffic and cargo traffic. The airport is located in Changi, at the eastern end of Singapore, approximately 17.2 kilometres (10.7 mi) northeast[4] from Marina Bay (in Singapore's Downtown Core), on a 13-square-kilometre (5.0 sq mi) site. It is operated by Changi Airport Group and it is the home base of Singapore Airlines, Singapore Airlines Cargo, SilkAir, Scoot, Tigerair, Jetstar Asia Airways and BOC Aviation, as well as a focus city of AirAsia.

Overview of Changi Airport[edit]

See also: History of Singapore Changi Airport and Infrastructure of Singapore Changi Airport

Changi Airport serves more than 100 airlines flying to some 320 cities in about 80 countries and territories worldwide. Each week, about 6,800 flights land or depart from Changi, or about one every 90 seconds, with 55.4 million passengers passing through the airport in 2015.[2]

For the 2015 full-year figures published by the airport, the airport handled 55,448,964 passengers (a 2.5% increase over the previous year), the most in its 34-year history. This made it the seventh busiest airport by international passenger traffic in the world and the second busiest in Asia by international passenger traffic in 2015. In December 2015, Changi Airport registered a total of 5.29 million passenger movements, the highest ever traffic the airport has achieved in a month since it opened in 1981. Its daily record was also broken on the Saturday before Christmas (19 December 2015), with more than 192,000 passengers passing through during the 24 hours. In addition to being an important passenger hub, the airport is one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling 1.85 million tonnes of cargo in 2015. The total number of commercial aircraft movements increased by 1.4% from the previous year to 346,334 in 2015.[2]

The airport has won over 500 awards since 1981, including 28 "Best Airport" awards in just 2015 alone.[5] Changi Airport's efforts to mitigate the effects of ageing infrastructure include continual physical upgrades to its existing terminals and building new facilities to maintain its reputation for setting standards in airport service quality.[6]

Passenger Terminals[edit]

Changi Airport has three main passenger terminals, arranged in an elongated inverted 'U' shape. Currently the airport has a designed total annual handling capacity of 66 million passengers.

  • Terminal 1 opened in 1981, located at the northern end.
  • Terminal 2 in 1990, located to the eastern side.
  • Terminal 3 in 2008, located to the western side.

There is also a privately run luxury terminal called the JetQuay CIP Terminal. It is similar to the Lufthansa First Class Terminal at Frankfurt Airport, but is open to all passengers travelling in all classes on all airlines but with an access fee.

Former Terminal[edit]

The Budget Terminal, opened on 26 March 2006 and closed on 25 September 2012.

Future Terminals[edit]

  • Terminal 4, which will be ready by 2017, built on the site of the former Budget Terminal.[7]
  • Terminal 5 is set to be ready in the mid-2020s. It will be able to handle 50 million passenger movements per annum.[8] The airport terminal structure will almost be larger than all the previous terminals combined, built on reclaimed land to the east of the present terminals.
  • Jewel Changi Airport set to open in 2019, is a multi-use structure interconnecting Terminals 1, 2 & 3. Part of the project will help expand Terminal 1 to handle 28 million passengers per year.

Operations[edit]

Terminal 2 Check-in area
Terminal 3 airside area
Aerial view of Singapore Changi Airport

Passenger operations[edit]

As all passenger traffic out of the airport is international in nature, the three major terminals in operation are equipped with immigration-processing facilities for international travel.

After recovering from a drop in passenger traffic as a result of the September 11 attacks in 2001, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003, the airport saw rapid growth in traffic, which hit the 30-million mark for the first time a year later in 2004. In March 2008 and prior to the full effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2010 on the global economy, the airport predicted that it will handle 50 million passengers by 2012,[9] with increases due to the opening of casinos in Singapore, together with the phased liberalisation of the Asean aviation sector. As predicted, the airport surpassed the 50-million mark for the first time in history in 2012.[6]

Cargo operations[edit]

The Air Cargo Division of the Changi Airport Group manages the Changi Airfreight Centre[10] located in the north of the airport premises.[11] The airport handled 1.81 million tonnes of air cargo in 2012, making it the 7th-busiest airfreight hub in the world and the fifth-busiest in Asia.[12] Due to Singapore's large electronics sector, electrical components constitute a significant part of the total cargo traffic handled at the airport, although it has initiated attempts to diversify into the perishable air cargo market.

In 2015, Changi Airport handled 1,853,087 tonnes of air freight, which is more than the total combined weight of four Burj Khalifa skyscrapers.

Air Cargo World awarded Changi Airport the 2013 Air Cargo Excellence Award for airports handling more than 1,000,000 tonnes of cargo in Asia.[13]

Key markets[edit]

In 2015, Indonesia was the largest market for Singapore Changi Airport, followed by Malaysia, Thailand, Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Philippines and Vietnam.[14]

Safety and security[edit]

The Changi Airport Group manages the overall safety and security of the airport. The Airport Management Division of the CAG manages the customer aspects of the airport's security, while the Aviation Security Unit oversees the airport's compliance with aviation security (AVSEC) policies, manages AVSEC-related projects.[11] Operationally, the airport's emergency and fire-fighting services are handled by the Airport Emergency Service Division of the CAG.[15] The AES handles all instances of rescue and fire-fighting within the airport premises as well as in surrounding waters through its specialists operating from two main fire stations (Station 1 by Runway 1 along W. Perimeter Road) and Station 2 by Runway 2 along Changi Coast Road), a sub-station (Domestic Fire Station), a sea rescue base (at CAFHI jetty supporting Griffon Hoverworks 2000TD and 8000TD rescie hovercrafts, Rigid-hulled inflatable boats) around the airport.[16]

The airport's security comes under the regulatory purview of the Airport Police Division of the Singapore Police Force. The day to day discharge of security functions at the airport are performed by auxiliary police forces including Aetos Security Management, Certis CISCO and SATS Security Services, of which Aetos and SATS Security Services are affiliated to the ground handling companies of Dnata and Singapore Changi Airport Terminal Services respectively.[17] On 29 April 2008, CAAS then signed its biggest single security contract for all airport related security services by engaging Certis CISCO to provide security services at Singapore Changi Airport, as well as Seletar Airport, Changi Airfreight Centre, and the Singapore Air Traffic Control Centre.[18] It involves the deployment of about 2,600 Certis Cisco personnel, including armed Auxiliary Police Officers and unarmed aviation security officers to perform tasks including screening checked baggage, controlling access to restricted areas, and screening passengers before they board their aircraft.[19]

Since the 11 September 2001 attacks and naming of the airport as a terrorism target by the Jemaah Islamiyah, the airport's security has been stepped up. Roving patrol teams consisting of SAF and SPF officers, armed with assault rifles or sub-machine guns, patrol the terminals at random intervals.[20] Officers from the Gurkha Contingent are also deployed to patrol the transit areas of the terminal buildings. These measures come at a cost partly borne by travellers in the form of a "passenger security service charge," imposed since 2002.[21]

In 2005 an upgrade in screening technology and rising security concerns led to luggage-screening processes being conducted behind closed-doors, as opposed to them being done just before check-in previously within public view. Carry-on luggage and persons screening are conducted at the individual departure gates, while check-in luggage are screened in the backrooms and secured before loading. A perimeter intrusion detection system for Changi Airport's perimeter fence has also been put in place to further strengthen security of the airfield, while a biometric access control system for staff movement has been put in place since 2006.

New Air Traffic Control System

[1][2]

LORADS III is the latest iteration of a proven air traffic control system called TopSky-ATC. It’s main strength is that it gives controllers better information, faster. The idea is to move towards much richer labels and a management system that give at a glance a clearer, more complete picture of the congestion status of a given airspace.

Hovering the mouse over each track symbol allows the controller to see a plethora of data and issue commands that can get relayed to the aircraft via satellite. The new commands pop up in the on board navigation and communication instruments  and the pilot can decide whether to implement it or not. (They usually do, unless they have a good reason not to—they are too heavy to climb to a higher level or they are cruising already at their fastest, for example.)

Usually these commands are radioed in when in radio range — and it’s fair to assume they still will be for some time — but this sort of command-by-text-messaging would reduce controllers workload. This will also reduce the radio chatter, which at busy airports and on certain frequencies is up to capacity and represents a bottleneck for more efficient operations. For control of the skies over oceans it’s even more important. Long distance communications between ground controllers and aircrafts goes over HF radio, notoriously finicky and with a range that depends on weather conditions. Controllers can instead transfer small amounts of data via satellite or by HF or VHF radios, because, as anybody trying to make a call on a busy cell network has noticed, it’s much easier to slip a small text message through, than place a voice call. 

The commands and subsequent execution, together with key flight data are stored in a central system called the Flight Data Processor, which calculates in real time everything pertaining to the position and trajectory of each aircraft. Every work station is connected to it, so all controllers have an up-to-date view of who’s going where and how fast.

Most air-traffic control systems are customized to manage a particular type of airspace; there are approach airspaces (think the area above and around a major airport) and en route ones (the skies of the North Atlantic, through which the bulk of Europe to U.S. traffic flies). Singapore, by virtue of its position in the middle of the “Kangaroo route” connecting the UK and Europe to Australia and several South East Asian countries, happens to need a system that can do both. The portion of sky under Singapore’s control covers an area of three quarters of a million square kilometers and its controllers preside over 220 000 annual movements. 

As the deluge of flights approaches for arrival at Singapore, the system’s Arrival Manager kicks in. So “instead of having a human being trying to sequence a whole bunch of airplane coming from all sorts of directions, at different speeds and altitude, the system will calculate the best sequence.

Holding costs airlines thousands of dollars per flight in wasted fuel. Usually, airplanes begin their descents from cruise level when they are about a hundred nautical miles (185 kilometers) from the airport, but they only learn of congestion as they get closer and reach a much lower altitude. At low altitudes, jet engines are much less efficient. With the Arrival Manager, controllers are able to tell approaching but still cruising airplanes to slow down or speed up a bit in order to sequence them in a way that reduces low-altitude holding. The order can, of course, be changed manually and the system will then recalculate the best sequence, showing the relevant controller what commands must be sent to which aircraft, in order to minimize disruptions to the flow of approaches. 

Airlines and destinations[edit]

Passenger[edit]

Garuda Indonesia Boeing 737-800 at Singapore Changi Airport.
SilkAir A320-200 at Singapore Changi Airport.
KLM Boeing 777-200ER at Singapore Changi Airport.
All Nippon Airways Boeing 767-300ER at Singapore Changi Airport.
Japan Airlines Boeing 787-8 and Philippine Airlines Boeing 777-300ER at Singapore Changi Airport.
Airlines Destinations Terminal
AirAsia Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Langkawi, Miri, Penang 1
Air China Beijing–Capital, Chengdu 1
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle 1
Air India Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai 2
Air India Express Chennai, Tiruchirappalli 2
Air Mauritius Mauritius 1
Air New Zealand Auckland 3
Air Niugini Port Moresby 1
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita 2
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon 3
Bangkok Airways Koh Samui 1
Batik Air Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta 3
Biman Bangladesh Airlines Dhaka 1
British Airways London–Heathrow, Sydney 1
Cathay Pacific Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong 1
Cebu Pacific Cebu, Clark, Davao, Iloilo, Manila 2
China Airlines Kaohsiung, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan 3
China Eastern Airlines Kunming, Nanjing (begins 11 July 2016),[22] Shanghai–Pudong, Wuxi 3
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou 1
Delta Air Lines Tokyo-Narita 1
Druk Air Kolkata, Paro 1
Emirates Brisbane (resumes 1 October 2016),[23] Colombo, Dubai–International, Melbourne 1
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi 2
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan 3
Fiji Airways Nadi 1
Finnair Helsinki 1
Firefly Ipoh, Kuala Lumpur–Subang, Kuantan 2
Garuda Indonesia Amsterdam,[Note 1] London–Heathrow,[Note 2] Denpasar, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Medan, Surabaya 3
IndiGo Chennai 2
Indonesia AirAsia Bandung, Denpasar, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Semarang, Yogyakarta 1
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita 1
Jet Airways Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai 3
Jetstar Airways Denpasar, Melbourne, Perth 1
Jetstar Asia Airways Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Da Nang, Darwin, Denpasar, Fukuoka (ends 30 September 2016),[24] Guiyang, Haikou, Hangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Kuala Lumpur–International, Manila, Medan, Osaka–Kansai, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Penang, Perth, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Sanya (begins 2 August 2016),[25] Shantou, Siem Reap, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan, Yangon 1
Jetstar Pacific Airlines Ho Chi Minh City 1
KLM Amsterdam, Denpasar 1
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon 2
Lao Airlines Vientiane 2
Lion Air Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta 3
Lufthansa Frankfurt 2
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Miri 2
Malindo Air Kuala Lumpur–International 3
Myanmar Airways International Yangon 1
Myanmar National Airlines Yangon 3
Oman Air Kuala Lumpur–International, Muscat 3
Philippine Airlines Manila 1
Qantas Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney 1
Qatar Airways Doha 3
Regent Airways Dhaka 1
Royal Brunei Airlines Bandar Seri Begawan 2
Saudia Jeddah, Riyadh 3
Scoot Amritsar, Bangkok–Don Mueang, Chennai, Gold Coast, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Hong Kong, Jaipur (begins 2 October 2016),[26] Jeddah, Kaohsiung, Melbourne, Nanjing, Osaka–Kansai, Perth, Qingdao, Sapporo–Chitose (begins 1 October 2016),[27] Seoul–Incheon, Shenyang, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tianjin, Tokyo–Narita 2
Shenzhen Airlines Shenzhen 1
Siam Air Bangkok–Don Mueang[28] 3
Sichuan Airlines Chengdu 2
SilkAir Balikpapan, Bandung, Bangalore, Cairns, Cebu, Changsha, Chengdu, Chennai, Chiang Mai, Chongqing, Coimbatore, Da Nang, Darwin, Davao, Denpasar, Hanoi, Hyderabad, Kalibo, Kathmandu, Kochi, Koh Samui, Kolkata, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Kunming, Langkawi, Lombok, Luang Prabang (begins 31 October 2016),[29] Makassar, Malé, Manado, Mandalay, Medan, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Penang, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Semarang, Shenzhen, Siem Reap, Surabaya, Thiruvananthapuram, Vientiane (resumes 31 October 2016),[29] Visakhapatnam, Wuhan, Xiamen, Yangon, Yogyakarta
Seasonal Charter: Naha[30]		 2
SilkAir
operated for Air Timor		 Dili 2
SilkAir
operated for Singapore Airlines		 Bandar Seri Begawan 2
Singapore Airlines Bandar Seri Begawan, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Colombo, Denpasar, Dhaka, Dubai–International, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Kuala Lumpur–International, Malé, Manila, Surabaya, Yangon 2
Singapore Airlines Adelaide, Ahmedabad, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bangalore, Barcelona, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Canberra (begins 20 September 2016),[31] Cape Town, Chennai, Christchurch, Copenhagen, Delhi, Düsseldorf (begins 21 July 2016),[32] Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Istanbul–Atatürk, Johannesburg, Kolkata, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Manchester, Melbourne, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Mumbai, Munich, Nagoya–Centrair, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Perth, Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, São Paulo–Guarulhos (ends 20 October 2016),[33] Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Wellington (begins 20 September 2016),[31] Zürich
Seasonal: Athens, Sapporo–Chitose		 3
Spring Airlines Shanghai–Pudong 1
SriLankan Airlines Colombo 3
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich 2
Thai AirAsia Bangkok–Don Mueang, Krabi, Pattaya, Phuket 1
Thai Airways Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi 1
Thai Lion Air Bangkok–Don Mueang 3
Tigerair Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Cebu, Clark, Chiang Mai, Denpasar, Dhaka, Guangzhou, Guilin, Haikou, Hanoi, Hat Yai, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Ipoh, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Jinan, Kalibo, Kochi, Krabi, Kuala Lumpur–International, Langkawi, Lijiang, Lucknow, Macau, Malé, Manila, Nanning, Ningbo, Penang, Phuket, Quanzhou, Shenzhen, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tiruchirapalli, Wuxi,[34] Xi'an, Yangon, Zhengzhou 2
Tigerair Taiwan Taipei–Taoyuan 2
Turkish Airlines Istanbul–Atatürk 1
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Hong Kong, San Francisco 2
Uzbekistan Airways Kuala Lumpur–International, Tashkent 1
VietJet Air Ho Chi Minh City 3
Vietnam Airlines Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City 3
West Air Chongqing 1
XiamenAir Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Xiamen 1
  1. ^ Garuda Indonesia's Jakarta — Amsterdam flight may include a stop at Singapore on some days, but the return flight on the Amsterdam — Jakarta sector is always nonstop.
  2. ^ Garuda Indonesia's flight from Jakarta to London Heathrow makes a stop at Singapore. However, all Garuda flights from London Heathrow to Jakarta is non-stop.

Cargo[edit]

Airlines Destinations
AirBridgeCargo Hong Kong, Moscow–Sheremetyevo[35]
Air Hong Kong Hong Kong[36]
ANA Cargo Okinawa, Tokyo–Narita
Asiana Cargo Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Penang, Seoul–Incheon
Cardig Air Balikpapan, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta[37]
Cargolux Anchorage, Baku, Chicago–O'Hare, Doha, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur–International, Luxembourg
Cathay Pacific Cargo Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Penang
China Airlines Cargo Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Manila, Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chengdu, Shanghai–Pudong
DHL Aviation
operated by AeroLogic		 Bangalore, Leipzig/Halle,[38]
DHL Aviation
operated by Polar Air Cargo		 Anchorage, Cincinnati, Hong Kong, Seoul–Incheon[39]
Emirates SkyCargo Dubai–Al Maktoum,[40] Melbourne, Sydney
Etihad Cargo[41][42] Abu Dhabi, Brisbane, Sydney
EVA Air Cargo Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan[43]
FedEx Express Anchorage, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Memphis, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Shanghai–Pudong, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita
Hong Kong Airlines Hong Kong[44]
Korean Air Cargo Hanoi, Penang, Seoul–Incheon
Martinair Amsterdam, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Dammam, Muscat[45]
My Indo Airlines Balikpapan, Jakarta–Halim Perdanakusuma, Surabaya[46]
Nippon Cargo Airlines Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Singapore Airlines Cargo Amsterdam, Auckland, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Brussels, Chennai, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hanoi,[47] Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Johannesburg–OR Tambo, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Medan, Melbourne, Mumbai, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Nanjing, Sharjah, Sydney
TNT Airways Liège, Shanghai–Pudong
Transmile Air Services Kuala Lumpur–International, Labuan
Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines Balikpapan, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta
Turkish Airlines Cargo Istanbul–Atatürk, Karachi
UPS Airlines Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan

Operational Statistics[edit]

Singapore Changi Airport - Passenger Movements (1998-2015)
Singapore Changi Airport - Airfreight Movements (1998-2015)
Singapore Changi Airport - Aircraft Movements (1998-2015)
Operational statistics
Year Passenger
movements		 Passenger %
Change Over
Previous Year		 Airfreight
movements
(tonnes)		 Airfreight %
Change Over
Previous Year		 Aircraft
movements		 Aircraft %
Change Over
Previous Year
1998 23,803,180 Steady 1,283,660 Steady 165,242 Steady
1999 26,064,645 Increase 9.50% 1,500,393 Increase 16.8% 165,961 Increase 0.43%
2000 28,618,200 Increase 9.79% 1,682,489 Increase 12.1% 173,947 Increase 4.81%
2001 28,093,759 Decrease 1.83% 1,507,062 Decrease 11.6% 179,359 Increase 3.11%
2002 28,979,344 Increase 3.15% 1,637,797 Increase 8.67% 174,820 Decrease 2.53%
2003 24,664,137 Decrease 14.9% 1,611,407 Decrease 1.63% 154,346 Decrease 11.7%
2004 30,353,565 Increase 23.0% 1,775,092 Increase 10.1% 184,932 Increase 19.8%
2005 32,430,856 Increase 6.81% 1,833,721 Increase 3.30% 204,138 Increase 10.3%
2006 35,033,083 Increase 8.02% 1,931,881 Increase 5.35% 214,000 Increase 4.83%
2007 36,701,556 Increase 4.76% 1,918,159 Decrease 0.69% 221,000 Increase 3.27%
2008 37,694,824 Increase 2.70% 1,883,894 Decrease 1.81% 232,000 Increase 4.97%
2009 37,203,978 Decrease 1.30% 1,633,791 Decrease 15.3% 240,360 Increase 3.60%
2010 42,038,777 Increase 13.0% 1,813,809 Increase 11.0% 263,593 Increase 9.66%
2011[48] 46,500,000 Increase 10.6% 1,870,000 Increase 3.14% 301,700 Increase 14.4%
2012[49] 51,181,804 Increase 10.0% 1,806,225 Decrease 3.41% 324,722 Increase 7.63%
2013[50] 53,726,087 Increase 4.97% 1,850,233 Increase 2.43% 343,800 Increase 5.87%
2014[51] 54,093,070 Increase 0.75% 1,843,799 Decrease 0.34% 341,386 Decrease 0.70%
2015[52] 55,448,964 Increase 2.50% 1,853,087 Increase 0.50% 346,334 Increase 1.44%

Accidents and incidents[edit]

  • On March 26, 1991, Singapore Airlines Flight 117 was hijacked by 4 terrorists and landed in Changi Airport at 22:15. The Singapore Special Operations Force stormed the plane, an A310, on the morning of March 27, and killed the 4 hijackers, saving the lives of all 123 passengers and crew that were held hostage for more than 8 hours.
  • On November 4, 2010, Qantas Flight 32, operated by an A380, suffered an uncontained engine failure and made an emergency landing in Changi Airport. Upon landing, one of the engine could not be shut down due to ruptured control cables and had to be doused for 3 hours by airport firefighters to forcefully shut it down. All 469 people on board survived this incident.
  • On 27 June 2016 Singapore Airlines Flight 368, a Boeing 777-300ER, suffered an engine problem during a flight from Singapore Changi to Milan. During the diversionary landing in Singapore, the right engine and wing caught fire. The fire was quickly extinguished by airport fire services. There were no casualties.

Ground transportation[edit]

Changi Airport was built with ground-transportation considerations in mind from the onset, with the East Coast Parkway built and opened in tandem with the airport, providing a direct link to the city-centre. At a distance of about 20 km (12 mi), the expressway was built almost entirely on reclaimed land; thus, minimising disruptions to the existing road network in Singapore's East Coast.

While configured in a compact configuration such that the three main passenger terminal buildings are sited adjacent to each other, allowing for travellers to venture between terminals on foot, the Changi Airport Skytrain people-mover system was added to facilitate quicker and more convenient transfers. The system was upgraded in 2007 to Mitsubishi technology, connecting to Terminal 3 and separating checked-in passengers from the general public on distinct tracks.

Inter-Terminal Transportation[edit]

The Changi Airport Skytrain
Entrance to Changi Airport MRT Station
Main article: Changi Airport Skytrain

The Changi Airport Skytrain operates between Terminals 1, 2 and 3, with a total of seven stations. The trains have separate cars for air-side (transit) and land-side (public) passengers.

External connections[edit]

Mass Rapid Transit[edit]

The airport is connected to the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network, with Changi Airport MRT station located underground between Terminal 2 and Terminal 3 and directly accessible from both terminals. A direct, one-train service to the downtown and western parts of Singapore was initially in operation when the station opened on 8 February 2002 (then accessible only via Terminal 2). This was replaced by the current shuttle service between Changi Airport and Tanah Merah MRT stations on 22 July 2003,[53] when it was found that few passengers actually use this route, compared to the number of commuters who need to travel from the city to Tampines and Pasir Ris. Cross-platform transfers are therefore necessary at Tanah Merah to connect to the rest of the network.

Bus[edit]

Buses were one of the main methods of transport for passengers and staff until the opening of Changi Airport station. Services operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses and Go-Ahead Group uses the bus terminals in the basement level of the three main terminals, making a loop starting from Terminal 3 to Terminals 1, and 2, and back to their destination of origin.

Coaches to and from Johor Bahru are also available. Operated by Transtar Travel, the service will start at coach stands at Terminals 1, 2, 3 and end at Larkin Terminal.

There is also a free shuttle bus service plying between Changi Airport (T3) and Changi Business Park. This service is a 9-stop route, running from Mondays to Fridays, except public holidays.

Taxi[edit]

Taxis are available at the taxi stands at the arrival halls of each terminal. There is an additional airport surcharge for all trips originating from the airport.

See also[edit]

Portal icon Singapore portal
Portal icon Aviation portal

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Runway 02L is 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and 20R is 3,260 m (10,700 ft) with a displaced threshold of 740 m (2,430 ft). Thus aircraft landing on 20R will have to avoid touching down on the displaced threshold but may use it for departures.

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ The Official Site of. Changi Airport Group. Retrieved on 15 August 2012.
  2. ^ a b c "Passenger, airfreight & aircraft movements statistics for 2015". Changi Airport Group. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2016. 
  3. ^ "Singapore Changi Airport named as the World’s Best Airport in 2016". Skytrax. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016. 
  4. ^ "http://www.caas.gov.sg/caasWeb2010/export/sites/caas/en/Regulations/Aeronautical_Information/AIP/aerodrome/AD_WSSS/WSSS-AD2-1.pdf" (PDF).  External link in |title= (help)
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Bibliography[edit]

  • Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1938), "Singapore's great airport", Wonders of World Aviation, pp. 128–130 , illustrated description of the newly opened Singapore Airport

External links[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Singapore Changi Airport.
Library resources about
Singapore Changi Airport

Media related to Singapore Changi Airport at Wikimedia Commons
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