Louis Hennepin
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Father Louis Hennepin, O.F.M. baptized Antoine, (12 May 1626 – c. 1705) was a Catholic priest and missionary of the Franciscan Recollect order (French: Récollets) and an explorer of the interior of North America.
Hennepin was born in Ath, province of Hainaut, Belgium, but became French in 1659, when Béthune, the town where he lived, was captured by the army of Louis XIV of France.
At the request of Louis XIV the Récollets sent four missionaries to New France in May 1675, including Hennepin, accompanied by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle. In 1678 Hennepin was ordered by his provincial superior to accompany La Salle on a voyage to explore the western part of New France. Hennepin was 39 when he sailed in 1679 with La Salle from Canada through the Great Lakes aboard Le Griffon to explore the unknown West. Local historians credit the Franciscan Recollect friar with being the first European to step ashore at the site of present-day Hannibal, Missouri.[1]
Two great waterfalls were brought to the world's attention by Louis Hennepin: Niagara Falls, with the most voluminous flow of any in North America, and the Saint Anthony Falls in what is now Minneapolis, the only waterfall on the Mississippi River.
Hennepin never returned to North America and died in Rome.
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[edit] Named after Hennepin
Most placed named after Hennepin are found in the United States:
- Hennepin, Illinois
- Hennepin County, Minnesota, whose seat is Minneapolis
- Hennepin Avenue, in Minneapolis
- The Father Louis Hennepin Bridge, across the Mississippi River in Minneapolis
- Father Hennepin State Park, in Isle, Minnesota
- A Great Lakes wood-hulled steamer built in 1888 which sank in 1927
- The city of Champlin, Minnesota, the site historians report where he first crossed the Mississippi in 1680, holds an annual Father Hennepin Festival on the 2nd weekend of June that includes a reenactment of Father Louis Hennepin crossing the Mississippi River.
- Hennepin Island is in the Mississippi River at St. Anthony Falls. Although it is no longer an island, it extends into the river and houses the Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory at the University of Minnesota, a five-unit hydroelectric plant, owned by Xcel Energy, and the Main Street substation – serving downtown Minneapolis.
- Father Hennepin Park lies on the east bank of the Mississippi River adjacent to Hennepin Island. It is administered by the city of Minneapolis and features picnic areas, a bandshell, and Heritage Trail plaques.
- Hennepin Road in Grand Island, New York
- Hennepin Avenue on Cayuga Island in Niagara Falls, New York
- Point Hennepin, the northern tip of Grosse Ile, an island on the Detroit River south of Detroit
- Hennepin Street in Garden City, MI
- Hennepin Hall, a residence hall at Siena College, Loudonville, New York
- Hennepin Park, a park located in the Lovejoy neighborhood of Buffalo, NY
- Hennepin Farmhouse Saison Ale (beer) from Brewery Ommegang in Cooperstown, NY
- Hennepin, significant as the first self-unloading bulk carrier.[2] Located west of South Haven, Michigan.
- Hennepin Room at the Niagara Falls Conference Center in Niagara Falls, New York
- Hennepin Room at Hilton Minneapolis
- Hennepin Room at Starved Rock Lodge and Conference Centre in Utica, Illinois
The few places outside Hennepin are found in Canada, all in Niagara Falls, Ontario:
- Father Hennepin Separate School
- Ontario Historical Plaque at Murray Avenue and Niagara River Parkway
- Hennepin Room at Sheraton Fallsview
[edit] Pop culture references to Hennepin
The final track on the 2006 album 13 by Brian Setzer is entitled "The Hennepin Avenue Bridge." Its lyrics tell a fictitious story of Fr. Hennepin and his leap from the Hennepin Avenue Bridge over the Mississippi River.
[edit] Books by Hennepin
Hennepin is the author of
- Description de la Louisiane (Paris, 1683),
- Nouvelle découverte d'un très grand pays situé dans l'Amérique entre le Nouveau-Mexique et la mer glaciale (Utrecht, 1697), and
- Nouveau voyage d'un pars plus grand que l'Europe (Utrecht, 1698).
The truth of much of Hennepin's accounts has been called into question — or flatly denied — notably by the American historian Francis Parkman. In the words of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia:
| “ | Hennepin has been denounced by many historians and historical critics as an arrant falsifier. Certain writers have sought to repel this charge by claiming that the erroneous statements are in fact interpolations by other persons. The weight of the evidence is however adverse to such a theory. | ” |
[edit] References
- ^ National Geographic Magazine, July-1956, Vol CX-Number 1, pg 135-136
- ^ Valerie Olson van Heest, writer and director. (2007). She Died a Hard Death: The Sinking of the Hennepin [DVD]. Michigan Shipwreck Research Associates.
[edit] External links
- History Article about Louis Hennepin
- Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
- Article on Louis Hennepin. in the Catholic Encyclopedia.
