Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
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This article is outdated. (May 2016) |
| Chamber of Deputies Câmara dos Deputados |
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| 55th Legislature of the National Congress | |
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| Type | |
| Type | |
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Term limits
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None |
| History | |
| Founded | May 6, 1826 |
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New session started
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February 2, 2016 |
| Leadership | |
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Government Leader
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André Moura, PSC
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Minority Leader
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Jandira Feghali, PCdoB
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| Structure | |
| Seats | 513 |
_-_atual.svg) |
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Political groups
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Government (368)[1]
Independent(38) Minority (105) |
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Length of term
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Four years |
| Elections | |
| Open list proportional representation | |
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Last election
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October 5, 2014 |
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Next election
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October 7, 2018 |
| Meeting place | |
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| Ulysses Guimarães plenary chamber National Congress Palace Brasília, Federal District, Brazil |
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| Website | |
| www.camara.gov.br | |
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| This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Brazil |
| Foreign relations |
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current acting president of the Chamber is deputy Waldir Maranhão (PP-MA).
Contents
Legislatures[edit]
The legislatures are counted from the first meeting of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate, on 6 May 1826, in the imperial era (the Chamber of Deputies met for preparatory sessions from 29 April 1826 to elect its officers and conduct other preliminary business, but the Legislature was formally opened on 6 May). The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate were created by Brazil's first Constitution, the Constitution of the Empire of Brazil, adopted in 1824. The numbering of the legislatures is continuous and counts all bicameral legislatures elected since the adoption of the 1924 Constitution including the imperial General Assembly and the republican National Congress. The previous constituent and legislative assembly of the Empire of Brazil, a unicameral national assembly convened in 1823 and dissolved by Emperor Pedro I before the Constitution was adopted, is not counted. The inauguration of a new composition of Chamber of Deputies for a four-year term of office marks the start of a new Legislature.
In the imperial era the national legislature was named General Assembly. It was made up of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Senators were elected for life and the Senate was a permanent institution, whereas the Chamber of Deputies, unless dissolved earlier, was elected every four years. When Brazil became a republic and a federal state the model of a bicameral Legislature was retained at the federal level, but the parliament was renamed National Congress. The National Congress is made up of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate. Both houses have fixed terms and cannot be dissolved earlier. Under Brazil's present Constitution, adopted in 1988, senators are elected to eight-year terms and deputies are elected every four years.
Each Brazilian state (and the Federal District) is represented in the Senate by three senators.
Elections to the Senate are held every four years, with either a third or two thirds of the seats up for election.
The number of deputies elected is proportional to the size of the population of the respective state (or of the Federal District). However, no delegation can be made up of less than eight or more than seventy seats. Thus the least populous state elects eight Federal Deputies and the most populous elects seventy. These restrictions favour the smaller states at the expense of the more populous states and so the size of the delegations is not exactly proportional to population.
Elections to the Chamber of Deputies are held every four years, with all seats up for election.
- 1st Legislature (1826–1829)
- 2nd Legislature (1830–1833)
- 3rd Legislature (1834–1837)
- 4th Legislature (1838–1841)
- 5th Legislature (1842–1844)
- 6th Legislature (1845–1847)
- 7th Legislature (1848)
- 8th Legislature (1849–1852)
- 9th Legislature (1853–1856)
- 10th Legislature (1857–1860)
- 11th Legislature (1861–1863)
- 12th Legislature (1864–1866)
- 13th Legislature (1867–1868)
- 14th Legislature (1869–1872)
- 15th Legislature (1872–1875)
- 16th Legislature (1876–1877)
- 17th Legislature (1878–1881)
- 18th Legislature (1882–1884)
- 19th Legislature (1885)
- 20th Legislature (1886–1889), dissolved by the 15 November 1889 military coup that proclaimed Brazil a Republic
- 21st Legislature: had already been elected to succeed the 20th legislature, but was not installed due to the proclamation of the Republic. New elections were summoned by the provisional government of the Republic in 1890.
Old Republic[3]
- 21st Legislature (1890–1891), discharged the role of Constituent Congress (1890–1891). The act that summoned the elections for the Constituent Congress and that empowered it to draft a Constitution already established that the Congress would be made up of two Houses, an elected Senate with equal representation for the Brazilian States, and a Chamber of Deputies, each State having a number of Deputies proportional to the size of its population. During the drafting of the Constitution, the Congress was to meet in joint session. The Congress was required to adopt a Constitution that conformed to the republican form of government, and that preserved the recently declared Federal model of the State.
- 22nd Legislature (1891–1893)
- 23rd Legislature (1894–1896)
- 24th Legislature (1897–1899)
- 25th Legislature (1900–1902)
- 26th Legislature (1903–1905)
- 27th Legislature (1906–1908)
- 28th Legislature (1909–1911)
- 29th Legislature (1912–1914)
- 30th Legislature (1915–1917)
- 31st Legislature (1918–1920)
- 32nd Legislature (1921–1923)
- 33rd Legislature (1924–1926)
- 34th Legislature (1927–1929)
- 35th Legislature (1930): dissolved by the provisional government after the 1930 Revolution.
Vargas Era[4]
- 36th Legislature (1933–1935), discharged the role of Constituent Assembly (1933–1934)
- 37th Legislature (1935–1937), dissolved by the Estado Novo coup d'état.
Legislatures elected under the Republic of 46[5]
- 38th Legislature (1946–1950), discharged the role of National Constituent Assembly (1946).
- 39th Legislature (1951–1954)
- 40th Legislature (1955–1958)
- 41st Legislature (1959–1962)
- 42nd Legislature (1963–1967), already under the Military Regime instituted by the 1964 military coup, the legislature discharged the role of Constituent Congress (1966–1967), under a decree of the military government (AI-4, Fourth Institutional Act), that commissioned the drafting of a new Constitution. The Constitution was voted under duress.
Legislatures elected under the Military Regime
- 43rd Legislature (1967–1970)
- 44th Legislature (1971–1975)
- 45th Legislature (1975–1979)
- 46th Legislature (1979–1983)
- 47th Legislature (1983–1987). The Chamber of Deputies was elected under the process of gradual return to democracy. During that legislature, the last military President handed over power to the first civilian Administration, still elected indirectly, by means of an Electoral College. The 1985 Electoral College, however, was placed under no duress, and elected the Opposition candidates for President and Vice-President. After the inauguration of the civilian Administration, the 47th Legislature passed a Constitutional Amendment, empowering the next Legislature, that would convene in February 1987 after the 1986 legislative elections, to discharge the role of National Constituent Assembly, empowered to adopt a new Constitution to replace the one inheirited from the Military Regime.
Legislatures elected after the restoration of civilian government ("New Republic")
- 48th Legislature (1987–1991), discharged the role of National Constituent Assembly (1987–1988).
- 49th Legislature (1991–1995)
- 50th Legislature (1995–1999)
- 51st Legislature (1999–2003)
- 52nd Legislature (2003–2007)
- 53rd Legislature (2007–2011)
- 54th Legislature (2011–2015)
- 55th Legislature (2015-2019)
Federal representation[edit]
The number of seats per state is distributed according to the number of inhabitants per state, according to the official measurement taken by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics through a census held each 10 years. The Brazilian population is represented by one deputy for each 362,013 inhabitants on average, but this proportionality is limited to a minimum of eight members and a maximum of seventy members per state, these criteria being subject to an apportionment paradox.
Therefore, states with 3,258,117 inhabitants onwards have 9 to 70 deputies. Following this scenario for example the city of São Paulo with its 11,253,503 inhabitants[6] is represented by 31 deputies of the total members of the state and the rest of the state with its 28,670,588 inhabitants are represented by 39 MPs (Member of Parliament).[7]
There is a distorted representation of the Brazilian states in congress, having benches representing on average more than the proportion of the population that owns and others representing less as São Paulo and Pará latter that lacks four MPs proportional to its population. That proportionality makes Roraima be represented by a representative for every 51,000 inhabitants and, at the other extreme, São Paulo is represented by one representative for every 585,000 inhabitants. This difference is reflected in the representation of the states in the Brazilian Congress with benches states as Roraima with 681% of the population represented by their deputies in the Congress and proportionality of São Paulo with 63% of the population represented by their deputies in the Congress of proportionality where the percentage representing the chamber divided by the percentage of the population. The population of the state of São Paulo by proportionality in Congress due to the maximum limits of 70 MPs give up having 40 more seats in congress of 110 members who represent the population proportion, saving 61,000 dollars per month for each member.[8]
| Federal state | Number of members | % Of total members | Population (on the census also called Censo 2010) | % Of the population (Censo 2010) | Representativeness (Inhabitants / Mr) | Representatives of national average | % Representative distortion | % Of the population represented by MPs | Deputies required ignoring the limits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| São Paulo | 70 | 13,6% | 39 924 091 | 21,5% | 570 344 | 110 | -7,90% | 63% | 40 |
| Minas Gerais | 53 | 10,3% | 19 159 260 | 10,3% | 361 495 | 53 | 0,00% | 100% | 0 |
| Rio de Janeiro | 46 | 9% | 15 180 636 | 8,2% | 330 014 | 42 | 0,80% | 110% | -4 |
| Bahia | 39 | 7,6% | 13 633 969 | 7,3% | 349 589 | 38 | 0,30% | 104% | -1 |
| Rio Grande do Sul | 31 | 6% | 10 576 758 | 5,7% | 341 186 | 29 | 0,30% | 106% | -2 |
| Paraná | 30 | 5,8% | 10 226 737 | 5,5% | 340 891 | 28 | 0,30% | 106% | -2 |
| Pernambuco | 25 | 4,9% | 8 541 250 | 4,6% | 341 650 | 24 | 0,30% | 106% | -1 |
| Ceará | 22 | 4,3% | 8 450 527 | 4,4% | 371 822 | 23 | -0,10% | 94% | 1 |
| Maranhão | 18 | 3,5% | 6 424 340 | 3,5% | 356 908 | 18 | 0,00% | 101% | 0 |
| Goiás | 17 | 3,3% | 5 849 105 | 3,1% | 344 065 | 16 | 0,20% | 105% | -1 |
| Pará | 17 | 3,3% | 7 443 904 | 4% | 437 877 | 21 | -0,70% | 83% | 4 |
| Santa Catarina | 16 | 3,1% | 6 178 603 | 3,3% | 386 163 | 17 | -0,20% | 94% | 1 |
| Paraíba | 12 | 2,3% | 3 753 633 | 2% | 312 803 | 10 | 0,30% | 116% | -2 |
| Espírito Santo | 10 | 1,9% | 3 392 775 | 1,8% | 339 278 | 9 | 0,10% | 107% | -1 |
| Piauí | 10 | 1,9% | 3 086 448 | 1,7% | 308 645 | 9 | 0,20% | 117% | -1 |
| Alagoas | 9 | 1,7% | 3 093 994 | 1,7% | 343 777 | 9 | 0,00% | 105% | 0 |
| Acre | 8 | 1,6% | 707 125 | 0,4% | 88 391 | 2 | 1,20% | 410% | -6 |
| Amazonas | 8 | 1,6% | 3 350 773 | 1,8% | 418 847 | 9 | -0,20% | 86% | 1 |
| Amapá | 8 | 1,6% | 648 553 | 0,3% | 81 069 | 2 | 1,30% | 447% | -6 |
| Distrito Federal | 8 | 1,6% | 2 469 489 | 1,3% | 308 686 | 7 | 0,30% | 117% | -1 |
| Mato Grosso do Sul | 8 | 1,6% | 2 404 256 | 1,3% | 300 532 | 7 | 0,30% | 120% | -1 |
| Mato Grosso | 8 | 1,6% | 2 954 625 | 1,6% | 369 328 | 8 | 0,00% | 98% | 0 |
| Rio Grande do Norte | 8 | 1,6% | 3 121 451 | 1,7% | 390 181 | 9 | -0,10% | 93% | 1 |
| Rondônia | 8 | 1,6% | 1 535 625 | 0,8% | 191 953 | 4 | 0,80% | 189% | -4 |
| Roraima | 8 | 1,6% | 425 398 | 0,2% | 53 175 | 1 | 1,40% | 681% | -7 |
| Sergipe | 8 | 1.6% | 2 036 227 | 1.1% | 254 528 | 6 | 0.50% | 142% | -2 |
| Tocantins | 8 | 1.6% | 1 373 551 | 0.7% | 171 694 | 4 | 0.90% | 211% | -4 |
| Total | 513 | 100% | 185 712 713 | 100% | 362 013 (representative national average) | 514 (Population / representative national average) | 0,30% accumulated (% of total members -% of the population) | 156% average (number of members / Representatives of national average) | 1 |
Bodies[edit]
The House of Representatives is composed of the Bureau of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil by College Leaders in the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil and the Commissions, which can be permanent, temporary or special inquiry.
Bureau of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil[edit]
The current composition of the Board of the Chamber of Deputies is the following:
President: Eduardo Cunha (PMDB-RJ) (suspended by the Supreme Court in May 5th 2016[9])
1 St Vice President:Waldir Maranhão (PP-MA) (acting president since Eduardo Cunha's suspension)
2 Nd Vice President:Fernando Giacobo (PR-PR)
1st Secretary:Beto Mansur (PRB-SP)
2nd Secretary:Felipe Bornier (PSD-RJ)
3td Secretary:Mara Gabrilli (PSDB-SP)
4th Secretary:Alex Canziani (PTB-PR)
1° Alternate Registrar:Luiz Henrique Mandetta (DEM-MS)
2° Alternate Registrar:Gilberto Nascimento (PSC-SP)
3º Alternate Registrar:Luiza Erundina (PSB-SP)
4° Alternate Registrar:Ricardo Izar (PSD-SP)
Standing committees[edit]
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This section is outdated. (May 2015) |
On March 6 of 2012, was defined division of committees between parties. The President's House, Marco Maia, believes that the proportionality between the parties / blocs must take into account the data of the last election. Thus, PT and PMDB, with the highest benches, were three committees (the PT made the choice first). DEM and PSDB, the two largest opposition, were two commissions each.[10] On the other hand, PSD, most harmed by this decision, filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court (STF) trying to reverse this decision.[11]
The chair of the committee, was defined as follows:[10][12]
See also[edit]
- Federal institutions of Brazil
- 54th Chamber of Deputies of Brazil
- 53rd Chamber of Deputies of Brazil
- National Congress of Brazil
- Federal Senate of Brazil
References[edit]
- ^ http://www2.camara.leg.br/deputados/liderancas-e-bancadas/bancadas/bancada-atual Bancada Atual da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Chamber of Deputies Home Page: O Império do Brasil
- ^ Chamber of Deputies Home Page: First Republic
- ^ Chamber of Deputies Home Page: The Second Republic
- ^ Chamber of Deputies Home Page: The Fourth Republic
- ^ IBGE Censo 2010
- ^ MP - definition of MP by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia
- ^ Gasto com deputados caminha para R$ 1 bilhão | Congresso em Foco
- ^ http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/05/speaker-of-brazils-lower-house-eduardo-cunha-suspended
- ^ a b Finch, Nathalia (March 6, 2012), G1,
defines the distribution of the standing committees
Missing or empty|title=(help); - ^ Santos, Deborah (February 27, 2012), G1,
going to have the Supreme Command of committees in the House
Missing or empty|title=(help); - ^ , G1, March 7, 2012,
elect chairpersons for House committees
Missing or empty|title=(help); - ^ Comissão de Agricultura, Pecuária, Abastecimento e Desenvolvimento Rural - CAPADR — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Integração Nacional, Desenvolvimento Regional e da Amazônia - CINDRA — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Ciência e Tecnologia, Comunicação e Informática - CCTCI — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Constituição e Justiça e de Cidadania - CCJC — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Defesa do Consumidor - CDC — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Desenvolvimento Econômico, Indústria e Comércio - CDEIC — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Desenvolvimento Urbano - CDU — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Minorias - CDHM — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Educação - CE — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Finanças e Tributação - CFT — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Fiscalização Financeira e Controle - CFFC — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Legislação Participativa - CLP — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - CMADS — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Minas e Energia - CME — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Relações Exteriores e de Defesa Nacional - CREDN — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Segurança Pública e Combate ao Crime Organizado - CSPCCO — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Seguridade Social e Família - CSSF — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Trabalho, de Administração e Serviço Público - CTASP — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Turismo e Desporto - CTD — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
- ^ Comissão de Viação e Transportes - CVT — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
External links[edit]
- Official website of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil
- Photo 360° of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil (Portuguese)
- List of all the presidents of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese)
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