Al-Bukamal
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| Al-Bukamal البوكمال |
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The entrance to Al Bukamal from the town of Al-Salihiyah
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 Al-Bukamal
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| Coordinates: 34°27′13″N 40°56′12″E / 34.45361°N 40.93667°ECoordinates: 34°27′13″N 40°56′12″E / 34.45361°N 40.93667°E | |
| Country |  Syria |
| Governorate | Deir ez-Zor |
| District | Al-Bukamal |
| Occupation |  Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant |
| Elevation | 175 m (574 ft) |
| Population (2012 est) | |
| • Total | 116,270 |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
| • Summer (DST) | +3 (UTC) |
Al-Bukamal (Arabic: البوكمال) is a city on the Euphrates river in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate of eastern Syria near the border with Iraq. It is part of Al-Jazira, a plains region consisting of northeastern Syria and northwestern Iraq, quite distinct from the Syrian Desert and lower-lying central Mesopotamia. The Euphrates divides Abu Kamal[clarification needed] into two areas: Shamiyya (belonging to the Levant) and Jazira (belonging to Mesopotamia). Al-Bukamal is an economically prosperous farming region with cattle-breeding, cereals, and cotton crops. It is also home to the historical site Dura-Europos and the ancient kingdom of Mari. It is the administrative centre of the Al-Bukamal District. Just to the south-east is the Al-Qa'im border crossing to the town of Al-Qa'im in Iraq's Al Anbar Governorate.
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Etymology[edit]
During the Ottoman time, Al-Bukamal was called kışla, pronounced locally as "qashla", which is a Turkish word for "military barracks". This name "Qashla" is still used by some inhabitants of the area, especially by elderly villagers.[citation needed] The name "Al-Bukamal" (Arabic: البوكمال) means "the family of Kamal", Kamal being the tribe that lives there, whereas the name Abu Kamal means "the father of Kamal".
History[edit]
During Roman times Al-Bukamal was, as part of Mesopotamia, an important trading post between the Roman Empire and India. Conquered by Zenobia, it became part of the kingdom of Palmyra.
During the early Islamic Empire, the administration of Jazira was often shared with that of Armenia. At the time of Mu'awiyah (governor of Syria and the later founder of the Umayyad Caliphate), the administration of al-Jazira was included in the administration of Syria.
In the 17th century, Al-Bukamal was the seat of an Ottoman sanjak in the Eyalet of Ar Ruha, modern Sanliurfa. It was a kaza centre in Zor Mutasarrıflığı (District of Zor), which center was Deir ez-Zor before ending of Ottoman rule in 1918.[1]
France occupied Al-Bukamal together with Deir ez-Zor in 1921 and made it the seat of a large garrison. In 1946 it became part of independent Syria. The region's position at the border of Syria and Iraq, especially after the US invasion of Iraq, has made it an important commercial as well as political center.
On 27 October 2008, four US helicopters carried out a raid on the village of Sukkariyeh in Al-Bukamal. It was the first known raid inside Syria by the US. News reports indicate that at least seven people were killed, four of them children.[2][3][4] Al-Bukamal is located near to Al-Qa'im, a crossing point for the Iraqi insurgency and the location of Operation Steel Curtain in November, 2005. The Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem stated that "Killing civilians in international law means a terrorist aggression." [5] During the Syrian civil war the town was taken by the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant[6]
References[edit]
- ^ http://tarihvemedeniyet.org/ekutuphane107
- ^ "BBC NEWS - Middle East - 'US helicopter raid' inside Syria". Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ Al-Jazeera(Arabic)
- ^ The Associated Press Archived October 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "BBC NEWS - Middle East - Syria hits out at 'terrorist' US". Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ "Syria Iraq: The Islamic State militant group". BBC News. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
External links[edit]
- Abu Kamal (Arabic)
