Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2015)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2015)
Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Near Beit El on 10 October 2015
Date 13 September 2015 (2015-September-13) – present
2 months and 10 days
Location Israel, West Bank and Gaza Strip
Belligerents

 Israel

Palestinians
Commanders and leaders
Israel Benjamin Netanyahu
Israel Gilad Erdan
Israel Moshe Ya'alon		 Fatah Flag.svg Mahmoud Abbas
Flag of Hamas.svg Khaled Mashal
Raed Salah
Casualties and losses
21 killed, 190+ wounded[8][9] 91 killed (at least 43 attackers),[10][11]
3,000+ wounded [12][13]
1553 detained [14]
2 foreign civilians (1 Eritrea, 1 U.S) killed, 1 U.S citizen wounded[15][16]

The Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2015) (known as "The Wave of Terror" by Israelis[17][18][19] and also called "Knife Intifada" by international media) refers to a series of events starting from early September 2015, related to tensions between Palestinians and Israelis regarding the status of the Temple Mount. A major escalation occurred at 1 October with the Murder of Eitam and Na'ama Henkin,[20][21] an Israeli couple who were shot by Hamas militants near Beit Furik, followed by daily stabbing assaults by "lone wolf" Palestinians, and other attacks by Palestinian terror cells, mainly in the contested Old City of Jerusalem and East Jerusalem,[22][23] sparking fears of a Third Intifada.[24] Commentators have variously analyzed the phenomenon as the consequence of either a viral social-media campaign that may have influenced and motivated the Palestinian attackers,[25][26] or as a result of frustration over the failure of peace talks to end the decades-long occupation and the suppression of human rights.[27][28] Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas has been accused of incitement to violence.[29] The mayor of Jerusalem Nir Barkat encouraged "licensed gun owners to carry their weapons to increase security."[30]

During October, at least 68 Palestinians, were killed by Israel military and border police forces, 43 of whom were identified by the IDF as attackers in incidents such as stabbing, vehicular and gun attacks, though the interpretation of some of these incidents as 'terrorist' attacks has been questioned. In the same month, according to the Palestine Red Crescent Society, Israeli operations aimed at suppressing or dispersing demonstrations and protests in many of which stones, rocks and Molotov cocktails are thrown, injured an estimated 8,262 Palestinians, 2,617 by gun wounds, 760 by live fire, 1,857 by rubber-coated steel bullets.[31] On the other hand, the Palestinian Ministry of Health reported on November 9 that 3,000+ Palestinians have been injured, of them 1248 Palestinians have been shot with live army rounds and 1808 have been shot with rubber-coated steel bullets; 1008 of them required hospitalization and 800 received treatment by field medics.[12][32] As of 1 November 817 violent demonstrations occurred as well as 851 stone throwing and 377 molotov cocktail incidents,[11] in which one Israeli was killed.[33]

Opinions differ as to the reasons for the cycle of violence. According to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Palestinian opposition to Zionism is grounded in genocidal, Nazi-style anti-Semitism, and he cites the behavior of the father of Palestinian nationalism, Amin al-Husseini, for this thesis. The highest echelons of the Israeli Defense Forces disagree: while not excluding a hatred of Jews as a motivational factor, several generals have gone on public record as stating that to a notable degree Palestinian violence is impelled anger at, and revenge for, Israeli actions, and that frustrations over the stagnation of diplomatic initiatives also contribute.[34] A report by Israeli intelligence services states that the unrest is motivated by Palestinian "feelings of national, economic and personal deprivation."[35]

Background[edit]

Further information: Second Intifada, 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, Silent Intifada and List of violent incidents in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, January–June 2015

The Second Intifada broke out after a visit by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to the Temple Mount in September 2000. His appearance, accompanied by several hundreds guards, was seen by Palestinians as highly provocative; Palestinian demonstrators, throwing stones at police, were dispersed by the Israeli army, using tear gas and rubber bullets. In less than a week, 47 Palestinians were killed, and 1,885 were wounded as Israeli forces used well over a 1,000,000 rounds to quell demonstrations and riots.[36] This uprising, unlike the First Intifada, adopted, among many other measures, the technique of suicide bombings in Israeli buses, restaurants, cafes and shopping malls. Jerusalem was the main target for the bombings. The violence reached a peak in 2002, at which point Israel decides to construct the Israeli West Bank barrier and Israel–Gaza barrier, as well as launch Operation Defensive Shield.

On 9 September 2015, Israel outlawed two grassroots Palestinian Islamist groups, "Mourabitoon" and "Mourabitaat" involved in vocal protests at a flashpoint Jerusalem shrine against stepped-up visits by religious Jews. Israeli police enforce exclusively Muslim prayer at the site, a ban some Jewish activists have campaigned to overturn with visits that have increasingly met chants of "Allah is great" and jostling by Mourabitoon and Mourabitaat activists. Defense Minister Moshe Ya'alon, who signed the ban, said in a statement that the Mourabitoon and Mourabitaat are a "main cause in the creation of tension and violence on the Temple Mount (al Aqsa compound) specifically and Jerusalem in general". The Palestinian Authority opposed this ban and signaled support for the activists. This ban caused tensions in Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount.[37][38]

On 13 September, on the eve of Rosh Hashanah, Jewish New Year's Eve, Israeli police raided the plaza outside al-Aqsa mosque in what they said was a bid to head off Palestinian attempts to disrupt visits by Jews and foreign tourists on the eve of the Jewish New Year. Police used tear gas and threw stun grenades toward Palestinian youths, who barricaded themselves inside the mosque and hurled rocks and flares, a Reuters witness said. Israeli Public Security Minister Gilad Erdan, in a statement, said the Palestinian youngsters also had pipe bombs.[39][40] On the same day, Alexander Levlovich (64) lost control of his vehicle after Palestinian youths threw stones at his vehicle and he stuck a pole. He was evicted to hopsital in serious condition, apparently also with an heart attack and dies later. Two other passengers were lightly injured.

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas has been accused of incitement to violence by United States' Secretary of State John Kerry. In mid September 2015 Abbas declared, concerning violent Palestinian youths injured in defending the Haram al Sharif/Temple Mount from what Palestinians have claimed as attempts to alter the status quo: "“Every drop of blood spilled in Jerusalem is pure, every shahid [martyr] will reach paradise, and every injured person will be rewarded by God.”"[41][42]

On 24 September the Security Cabinet of Israel Approved new laws regarding violent rioters. Netanyahu claimed that "The Security Cabinet unanimously adopted a series of measures within the framework of our fight against stone throwers, petrol bombs and flares". One modified order allows security forces to shoot when the life of a third party is under threat. Until the change, Israeli soldiers facing violent Palestinian protests could open fire with live bullets only if their own life was in danger. The cabinet ordered a minimum four-year jail term for anybody throwing dangerous objects as a temporary measure to be in effect for three years. This did not require parliament's approval.[43]

On 1 October, five of a Hamas terror cell in the West Bank ambush a civil vehicle in a road between Itamar to Elon Moreh and kill Eitam and Naama Henkin, two settlers from the West Bank. Their four kids who were in the back were left unhurt. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said about the attack was a "result of Palestinian incitement" that led "to an act of terror and murder." He added: "This is a difficult day for Israel." Netanyahu also criticized Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and said he "did not hear a condemnation from the Palestinian Authority," The Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, Fatah's military arm, said it welcomes the attack, "which constitutes a worthy response to the crimes of the occupation and the murder of the Dawabsheh family." Later on Thursday night, a 28-year-old woman was lightly wounded by stones hurled toward her at Itzhar Junction. Around the same time, a Palestinian driver was lightly hurt in a smiliar incident at the entrance to Nablus.[44][45]

Violence[edit]

Further information: List of violent incidents in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, July–December 2015

Since the eve of Rosh Hashanah, 22 Israelis were killed by Palestinian violence. IDF have recorded 75 indiscriminate terrorist attacks by Palestinians against Israeli civilians and security forces, 43 of which were in the West Bank, 22 in the Jerusalem municipality, and 11 within the Green Line (excluding Jerusalem), in which 10 Israelis were killed. An Eritrean was shot and lynched after mistakenly identified as an attacker during the Beersheva bus station shooting and died later.[46] Israeli security forces arrested five members of a Hamas affiliated terror cell that killed 2 Israeli civilians on 1 October.[47] The number of rocket attacks from Hamas lead Gaza strip increased in the same month.[48] In addition in early October, a 'lone wolf' Palestinian female bomber detonated a bomb in her car after being stopped on a road to Jerusalem, while yelling "Allahu Akbar."[49] The international community considers the use of indiscriminate attacks on civilian populations[50] as illegal under international law.[51]

Palestinians attacks occurred, predominantly in Jerusalem/East Jerusalem, but also spreading to other cities such as Tel Aviv and Beersheba. These near-daily attacks constitute primarily of stone throwing and knife stabbings, from where the name "Knife Intifada" comes from. Other attacks constituted shootings and vehicle rammings. In addition, an attempted suicide bombing on 11 October happened near Jerusalem, injuring a police officer.[52]

Palestinian attacks[edit]

As of 1 October 2015 and to date, 91 attacks and attempted terrorist attacks were conducted by 102 Palestinians and three Israeli Arabs, 58 were killed and 40 neutralized with 16 wounded. 7 managed to escape and are sought. At least a dozen terrorists were aged 11–17 years, and a dozen were women aged from 16 to 72 years[53]

Attacks and attempted attacks from 3 October to 19 November.[54]

Attacks in Jerusalem[edit]

The Palestinians committed many attacks against Israeli civilians, settler extremists and IDF forces, primarily in the Old City, the Seam Zone and East Jerusalem. The attacks mainly included molotov cocktail and stone-throwings but also vehicle-rammings, stabbings and live-fire shooting. The Light Rail in Jerusalem was almost daily attacked by stones, especially next to Shuafat.

  • 14 September 2015 – Death of Alexander Levlovich by stone-throwing in Jerusalem.
  • 3 October 2015 – Lions' Gate stabbing. A man stabbed multiple people in the Jerusalem Old Town, killing 2 and injuring a mother and her toddler. 3 dead (including perpetrator), 2 injured.[55]
  • 4 October 2015 – An attack, similar to the Lion's Gate Stabbing on 3 October, took place when an Israeli teenager was stabbed near the Damascus Gate. 1 dead (perpetrator), 1 injured.[56]
  • 7 October 2015 – A Palestinian woman stabbed an Israeli man, after which the man shot the assailant with his personal gun. 2 injured (including perpetrator).[57]
  • 7 October 2015 – A Palestinian stabbed an IDF soldier, after which he was shot dead by special forces. 1 dead (perpetrator), 1 injured.[58]
  • 8 October 2015 – Israeli man, 25, seriously hurt in Jerusalem stabbing attack. The attacker was identified as 19-year-old East Jerusalem resident.[59]
  • 9 October 2015 – A teenage Israeli boy was stabbed in Jerusalem. 1 injured.[60]
  • 10 October 2015 – Two Israeli were injured in a stabbing attack in Jerusalem. The assailant was shot by the police. 1 dead (perpetrator), 2 injured.[61]
  • 12 October 2015 – A assailant was shot and killed after attempting to stab a border police officer at the Lion's Gate, Jerusalem.[62]
  • 12 October 2015 – A female assailant was shot after stabbing a border police officer. 2 injured.[63]
  • 12 October 2015 – Two Palestinian youths stabbed 2 Israelis in Pisgat Ze'ev. A 13 year old was seriously injured. While trying to escape, one of the assailants, Ahmed Manasrah aged 13, was lightly wounded, the other shot and killed. Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas two days later accused Israel of the "execution of our children in cold blood, as they did with the boy Ahmed Manasrah and other children in Jerusalem and other places."[64] 3 injured, 1 dead.[65]
  • 12 October 2015 – A Palestinian man stabbed an IDF soldier on a bus after which he was shot dead by police. 1 dead (perpetrator), 1 injured.[66]
  • 13 October 2015 – In a shooting and stabbing attack on a bus in Jerusalem 3 Israelis were killed and 16 others were wounded. The two assailants were shot dead.[67]
  • 13 October 2015 – Minutes after the bus attack, a man drove his car into a bus stop killing a rabbi and injuring 2 others, before being shot and killed. 2 dead, 2 injured.[68]
  • 13 October 2015 – In a second stabbing attack in Ra'anana 4 Israeli were injured.[69]
  • 14 October 2015 – assailant shot dead after attempting to stab police officer near Damascus Gate, Jerusalem.[70]
  • 14 October 2015 – A assailant was shot after stabbing a woman at Jerusalem Central Bus Station. 1 dead (perpetrator), 1 injured.[71]

West Bank and East Jerusalem[edit]

UN OCHA map of East Jerusalem showing movement restrictions by Israel in October 2015

Many[citation needed] stabbings occurred in West Bank, especially the intersection of Route 443 and Apple.[citation needed] While stabbing attacks occurred against the IDF and the Border Police, who retaliated by shooting the perpetrators, often fatally, other civilian (including visibly religious ones) were victims.[citation needed]

On 1 October a married couple were shot and killed by Palestinian gunmen near Beit Furik. On 3 October, two Israelis were victims of the Lions' Gate stabbings. On 9 October, a boy was stabbed in the Shmuel HaNavi neighbourhood of Jerusalem. The boy was lightly wounded, while the perpetrator was arrested.[72]

  • 8 October 2015 – Israeli seriously hurt in terror attack near Hebron.[73]
  • 9 October 2015 – A police officer was stabbed near Hebron. The assailant was killed during his escape. 1 dead (perpetrator), 1 injured.[74]
  • 11 October 2015 - Palestinian female bomber detonated a bomb in her car after being stopped on the road from Ma’ale Adumim to Jerusalem, while yelling "Allahu Akbar."[49]
  • 21 October 2015 - Ramming attack that injured five Israeli soldiers near the Gush Etzion settlements.[75]
  • 13 November 2015 - A shooting attack near Hebron kills two and wounds one.[76]

Stabbings within the Green Line[edit]

  • 7 October 2015 – In a city near Tel Aviv a man was stabbed in front of a shopping mall. The assailant was apprehended by bystanders. 1 injured.[77]
  • 8 October 2015 – 5 lightly injured in Tel Aviv stabbing; attacker killed. Stabber shot by security forces after wounding female soldier and four others with screwdriver near the Defense Ministry HQ.[78]
  • On 18 October, a lone gunman shot and killed a soldier guarding the bus station in Beersheba, subsequently an Eritrean Asylum seeker was mistaken by an Israeli Security officer, as a second attacker and was shot and kicked. The attack left 11 wounded.

Jewish attacks[edit]

  • 9 October, a Jewish teen with psychiatric history in Dimona stabbed a Bedouin citizen of Israel and three Palestinian workers and injured them.[79]
  • 13 October in Kiryat Ata a Jewish man was stabbed several times by another Jew who had mistaken him for an Arab. Upon trying to then flee the scene the man was shot at by a security guard, which grazed a passer-by, and was eventually arrested for questioning. The victim said that the perpetrator said: "You deserve it, you deserve it. You are bastard Arabs." Uri Rezken, the shop keeper victim, then said he fought the attacker with a trolley after trying to stop him by saying "I am a Jew, I am a Jew." He then told the Guardian: "We are all human beings, we are all equal. It does not matter if an Arab stabbed me or a Jew stabbed me, a religious, Orthodox or secular person. I have no words to describe this hate crime."[80]

Events described as a potential Third Intifada[edit]

In 2008, Al Jazeera reported that Hamas leadership had called for a Third Intifada,[81] but analysts have observed that these calls never came to fruition.[82] Some commentators have suggested that the Silent Intifada, a term used to describe a period of increased violence during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, was in fact a Third Intifada.[83] Other sources have identified a period of renewed violence in September and October 2015 as a potential Third Intifada,[84][85] but the Palestinian leadership has refrained from calling these events a Third Intifada.[86] Nohad Ali, a sociologist from the University of Haifa, also suggested that the events in October 2015 were not a Third Intifada.[87] Other commentators also note that the 2015 events are different from previous Intifadas because the uprising lacks both an organizational framework under an acknowledged political leadership and a clear set of goals.[86] It has also been noted that the events of the first two weeks in October were mainly restricted to Palestinian residents of East Jerusalem, and did not reflect a general participation from the West Bank, as in earlier Intifadas.[88]

Incitement[edit]

The U.S. House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Committee unanimously called on Palestinians to end incitement against Israel. Eliot Engle said that "This wave of violence isn’t some random flare-up, It’s the product of years and years of anti-Israel propaganda and indoctrination — some of which has been actively promoted by Palestinian Authority officials and institutions." [89]

Misleading[edit]

In 14 October Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and Palestinian media have been claiming that 13-year-old Ahmed Manasra, who was documented committing an attack in Pisgat Ze'ev this week, has been "executed" by Israel but Dr. Asher Salmon, the deputy director of the Hadassah Medical Center in Jerusalem, said Thursday that the boy is alive, and is in light-to-moderate condition. Photos of Mansra from the hospital were released to support those statements. In an English translation of Abbas' speech released by the PLO, however, the Palestinian president was quoted as saying Israel "shoots" Palestinian children in cold blood "as they did with the child Ahmed Manasra," replacing the word "executions" with a more moderate language. but while Manasra's cousin Hassan was shot to death, Ahmed was not shot - he was hit by an Israeli vehicle, suffering a serious head injury.[90][91][92][93]

Glorification of attacks[edit]

In 6 October, Sultan Abu Al-Einein, Mahmoud Abbas' adviser, explicitly glorified murder on his Facebook page. He called the Lions' Gate stabbings which left two dead and two wounded including a two-years-old child, a "heroic operation". He also posted the picture of the stabber, and "saluting" those "protecting Jerusalem" he wrote: "Kiss their foreheads, and do not forget their hands".

In 17 October, Jibril Rajoub, a senior member of Palestinian Authority ruling party Fatah said in an interview that "These are clearly individual operations, but they require heroism, courage, and a value system, which forces the Palestinian elite and the Palestinian national forces to see in the final words of one of those heroes, written in a blog, a document that could be taught in schools in a lesson about the meaning of martyrdom…"[94]

Responses[edit]

Politicians and government officials[edit]

Palestinian

Palestinian Ambassador to the United Nations Riyad Mansour said of the cycle of violence and retaliation that the situation was "extremely dangerous" and accused "extremists on the Israeli side" of seeking to "impose a Jewish presence" at the Temple Mount. He warned that such attempts would cause a religious confrontation that would have "ramifications in all corners of the Middle East and beyond. Religious confrontation is what ISIS is dreaming of."[95]

Israel

After a death on the night of Rosh Hashanah in Jerusalem, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu held[when?] an emergency meeting to decide on new legislation for minimum sentences for stone throwers, heavy fines on parents whose children threw stones and the use of multiple sniper fire Ruger 10/22 against rioters throwing stones and Molotov cocktails. A pay increase for border police throughout Jerusalem and the calling up reserve forces of police and Border Guard forces was also enacted by the security cabinet. Netanyahu later accused Arabs, especially the Palestinian Authority and the Islamic Movement in Israel of inciting and fanning flames, while prohibiting all Members of Knesset (MKs) from going to the Temple Mount. Although some Jewish and Arab Joint List MKs said they would ignore the rulings.[citation needed]

On 30 July, the Knesset had approved an amendment to the Prisons Ordinance allowing the force-feeding of an inmate when a doctor determines that there is a real danger to the life of the prisoner.[96][97]

The mayor of Jerusalem Nir Barkat encouraged "licensed gun owners to carry their weapons to increase security" and compared it to "military reserve duty." Later the mayors office commented that "Many terror attacks in Jerusalem have been prevented or neutralized due to the quick actions and response of responsible bystanders", and Netanyahu said that "Civilians are at the forefront of the war against terrorism and must also be on maximum alert".[30]

Mayor of Jerusalem Nir Barkat's advocacy for licensed gun owners to carry firearms for security reasons was read as a "declaration of war" on all the city's Palestinian residents by the Palestinian official for Jerusalem, Adnan Husseini.[30]

Security forces[edit]

Following the escalation of violence in Tishrei, Israeli police and border guards were deployed around the country and especially in the Jerusalem area.[citation needed]

On 20 October, Israeli troops rearrested Hassan Yousef, a senior Hamas figure in the West Bank, accusing him of "fermenting violence and conflict against Israel among the Palestinian public."[98][99]

International[edit]

States

 France – France called for the placing of international observers to the Temple Mount in October 2015, in order to preserve the status quo. Israel however rejected it, saying that that action would violate the said status quo.[100]

 Germany – Angela Merkel met with Benjamin Netanyahu on 21 October to discuss the wave of violence. She said that Germany expects Mahmoud Abbas "to condemn everything that constitutes an act of terror. One can’t have open talks with Israel if this does not happen." She also said that "young Palestinians need a perspective and unilateral steps are not helpful".[101]

 Jordan – After talks with visiting British Prime Minister David Cameron, King Abdullah II warned Israel, on 9 September, that "any more provocation in Jerusalem will affect the relationship between Jordan and Israel. Jordan will not have a choice but to take actions, unfortunately."[95]

 United States – State Department spokesman John Kirby, on 9 September, condemned "all acts of violence" at the Temple Mount – and called on Israel not to lift restrictions for Jewish visitors. "The United States is deeply concerned by the recent violence and escalating tensions surrounding the Haram al-Sharif Temple Mount. We strongly condemn all acts of violence. It is absolutely critical that all sides exercise restraint, refrain from provocative actions and rhetoric and preserve unchanged the historic status quo on the Haram al-Sharif Temple Mount, in word and in practice." He added that all sides should "exercise restraint."[95]

 United Nations – The UN condemned the attacks in Israel and called on both sides to restore calm. In addition, Ban Ki-Moon made a surprise visit to Israel.[102]

Others

In a joint statement with the Israeli NGO B'tselem, Amnesty International stated that in some instances Israeli forces have engaged in extrajudicial killings, which Israeli politicians are accused to be have been openly endorsing as a response to Palestinians merely suspected by police of terrorist intentions,[103] of unarmed civilians. Human Rights Watch, raising the possibility that Israel may be engaged in violations of international law, has expressed concern over what it calls Israel's "indiscriminate and even deliberate" shooting of protesters.[104]

See also[edit]

Portal icon Arab–Israeli conflict portal
Portal icon 2010s portal

References[edit]

  1. ^ Harel, Amos (13 October 2015). "No Easy Solution to Lone-wolf Palestinian Attackers". Haaretz. Retrieved 24 October 2015. 
  2. ^ Dean, Laura (10 October 2015). "Latest violence in Israel and Palestine marked by 'lone wolf' attacks". Los Angeles Daily News. Retrieved 24 October 2015. 
  3. ^ Ahmed, Kaamil (18 October 2015). "Palestinian 'lone wolves' lack leadership: Experts". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 24 October 2015. 
  4. ^ "Kerry Tells Abbas to Stop Inciting While Fatah and Hamas Call for More Attacks". Investigative Project on Terrorism. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015. 
  5. ^ Ari Gross, Judah (5 October 2015). "5-man Hamas cell that killed Naama and Eitam Henkin arrested". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 24 October 2015. 
  6. ^ "'We deserve freedom': Photos from Bethlehem". Mondoweiss. 
  7. ^ "Arab MK says Israel's outlawing of Islamist movement 'declaration of war'". i24 News. 17 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015. 
  8. ^ "20 people murdered since the beginings of the current terror wave (Hebrew)". Walla!. 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015. 
  9. ^ "Alexander Levlovich victim of rock attack". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel). Retrieved 6 November 2015.  External link in |work= (help)
  10. ^ Atassi, Basma (22 November 2015). "Mapping the dead in latest Israeli-Palestinian violence". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 November 2015. 
  11. ^ a b Harel, Amos; Cohan, Gili; Khoury, Jack (1 November 2015). "10 Israelis, at Least 68 Palestinians Killed During Terror Wave Last Month". Haaretz. Retrieved 1 November 2015. 
  12. ^ a b "Health Ministry: 80 Palestinians, Including 17 Children And 4 Women, Killed Since October 1st". International Middle East Media Center. 10 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015. 
  13. ^ "Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces in the Occupied Territories, after operation Cast Lead". B'tselem. B'Tselem - The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories. Retrieved 13 November 2015. 
  14. ^ Yanovski, Roi (4 November 2015). "Current terror wave: 1553 arrests and 437 indictments served". Ynet. Retrieved 4 November 2015. 
  15. ^ "Israel police hunt Eritrean's attackers after Beersheba killing". BBC News. 
  16. ^ "American and Israeli Hurt During Stabbing Attack in Jerusalem". Haaretz.com. 
  17. ^ [1]
  18. ^ "חדשות - צבא וביטחון nrg - ...איך בולמים את גל הטרור בחמישה". NRG. 
  19. ^ Batya Medad. "The Jewish Press »» Has the "Wave of Terror" Waned?". The Jewish Press. 
  20. ^ Harel, Amos (19 October 2015). "Be'er Sheva Attack Indicates Calm Is Still Far Away". Haaretz. Retrieved 21 October 2015. 
  21. ^ "Why Are Tensions Rising Between Israelis and Palestinians?". Wall Street Journal. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015. 
  22. ^ "‘Al-Quds Intifada’ has started and flames will not be quenched". Middle East Monitor – The Latest from the Middle East. 
  23. ^ "PressTV-Jordanians urge end to Israeli ties". presstv.ir. 
  24. ^ "Fear of a Third Intifada". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2015-10-13. 
  25. ^ Polisar, Daniel (2 November 2015). "What ordinary Palestinians think about Israel, Jews, and terrorist attacks on civilians." (Palestinian Public Opinion). Mosaic. Retrieved 6 November 2015. 
  26. ^ Wedeman, Ben (15 October 2015). "Israeli-Palestinian violence: What you need to know - Are these knife attacks a new brand of organized terror?". CNN international - Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved 6 November 2015. 
  27. ^ Greg Botelho, Ed Payne, 'New security measures considered amid continuing violence in Israel,' CNN News:'Whatever the label, some Palestinians insist they are fed up with the status quo."We've tried negotiations and it didn't work," a Palestinian youth in the West Bank city of Hebron told CNN as thick smoke rose from flaming tires. "So now we will fight.".'
  28. ^ 'Young Palestinians sound off on current unrest, Israeli occupation,' Al Jazeera 14 October 2015.
  29. ^ "Kerry warns Abbas against inciting violence". The Times of Israel. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015. 
  30. ^ a b c Alexandra Sims,'Jerusalem mayor Nir Barkat urges Israelis to carry firearms at all times to combat 'terrorists,' The Independent 8 October 2015.
  31. ^ 'Red Crescent: Over 2,600 shot with live, rubber bullets in October,' Ma'an News Agency 1 November 2015.
  32. ^ "Health Ministry: 79 Palestinians, including 17 children, killed; over 3,000 injured since October 1 - See more at: http://mondoweiss.net/2015/11/ministry-palestinians-including-children#sthash.7HDLsWW2.dpuf". Mondoweiss. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015. 
  33. ^ Hasson, Nir (14 September 2015). "Driver in Jerusalem Car Crash Dies From Injuries; Police Suspect Stone-throwing Caused Crash". Haaretz. Retrieved 1 November 2015. 
  34. ^ J.J. Goldberg http://forward.com/opinion/323817/idf-does-not-agree-with-netanyahu-on-roots-of-palestinian-violence/?attribution=author-article-listing-3-headline 'Israel's Top Generals Split With Benjamin Netanyahu on Roots of Terror Wave,' The Forward 3 November 2015.
  35. ^ Gili Cohen, 'Shin Bet: Feelings of Discrimination Driving Palestinian Youth Toward Terror ,' Haaretz 11 November 2015.
  36. ^ George J. Mitchell; et al. (30 April 2001). "Report of The Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee". UNISPAL. p. 4. Retrieved 28 September 2014.  See under "What Happened?".
  37. ^ Williams, Dan; al-Mughrabi, Nidal (9 September 2015). "Israel bans Palestinian activists behind Jerusalem shrine protests". Reuters. Retrieved 4 November 2015. 
  38. ^ "Israeli forces storm Al-Aqsa compound, assault worshippers". Ma'an News Agency. 13 September 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015. 
  39. ^ Heller, Jeffrey; Sawafta, Ali (13 September 2015). "Israeli police, Palestinians clash at Jerusalem holy site". Reuters. Retrieved 4 November 2015. 
  40. ^ "Clashes erupt on the Temple Mount ahead of Jewish New Year". The Jerusalem Post and Reuters. 13 September 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015. 
  41. ^ 'Abbas: Blood of ‘martyrs’ spilled on Temple Mount is ‘pure’,' The Times of Israel 17 September 201\5.
  42. ^ Jeffrey Goldberg (16 October 2015). "The Paranoid Supremacist Roots of the Stabbing Intifada". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2015-10-18. 
  43. ^ Lewis, Ori (4 November 2015). "Israel tightens crackdown on Palestinian petrol bomb, stone-throwers". Reuters. Retrieved 4 November 2015. 
  44. ^ Levinson, Chaim; Ravid, Barak (1 October 2015). "Israeli Couple Shot Dead in West Bank, Four Kids Unhurt". Haaretz. Retrieved 4 November 2015. 
  45. ^ Lapin, Yaakov (5 October 2015). "Shin Bet: Hamas suspects arrested for murder of couple in front of their children". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 4 November 2015. 
  46. ^ "Eritrean lynched by Israelis in bus station attack". Retrieved 3 November 2015. 
  47. ^ "Security Forces Arrest Terrorists who Murdered 2 Israeli Civilians". Israel Defense Forces. 5 October 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015. 
  48. ^ Levine, Jason. "Palestinian Rocket & Mortar Attacks". jewishvirtuallibrary.org. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Retrieved 6 November 2015. 
  49. ^ a b "Terrorist detonates explosive near Ma'aleh Adumim checkpoint injuring police officer". Jpost. 2015-10-11. Retrieved 2015-10-11. 
  50. ^ Kurz, Robert W.; Charles K. Bartles (2007). "Chechen suicide bombers" (PDF). Journal of Slavic Military Studies (Routledge) 20: 529–547. doi:10.1080/13518040701703070. Retrieved 30 August 2012. 
  51. ^ "Protection of the civilian population". Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. International Committee of the Red Cross. Retrieved 10 July 2014. 
  52. ^ "Terrorist detonates explosive near Ma'aleh Adumim checkpoint injuring police officer". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. 
  53. ^ (French)"Chronologie du terrorisme palestinien. Octobre- Novembre". 8 November 2015. 
  54. ^ (French)"Vague de terrorisme palestinien de 2015". 7 November 2015. 
  55. ^ Staff writers (3 October 2015) "Two Israeli men killed, 2 injured, in Jerusalem stabbing attack", timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  56. ^ Staff writers (4 October 2015) "In second attack, Israeli teen stabbed near Jerusalem’s Old City", timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  57. ^ "Jew stabbed by Palestinian woman inside Jerusalem's Old City", telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  58. ^ "Palestinian Shot Dead by Police After Stabbing Israeli Soldier in Latest Jerusalem Attack", newsweek.com. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  59. ^ "Israeli man, 25, seriously hurt in Jerusalem stabbing attack", timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  60. ^ "Israel on high alert as stabbing attacks continue", france24.com. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  61. ^ "Attacks in Jerusalem Leave Five Wounded, Two Dead", wsj.com. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  62. ^ "Border Police thwart attempted terror attack at Lion's Gate in Jerusalem's Old City", jpost .com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  63. ^ "Female terrorist shot after stabbing Border Police officer in Jerusalem", jpost .com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  64. ^ "PLO issues revised English version of Abbas' 'execution' speech". Jerusalem Post. 15 Oct 2015. 
  65. ^ " Boy, 13, stabbed as he rode his bike in third terror attack of day in Jerusalem", timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  66. ^ "Four terrorist attacks rock Jerusalem over 12 hours", jpost .com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  67. ^ "Jerusalem: Israelis killed as attackers ambush bus", bbc.com. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  68. ^ " Israelis killed in Jerusalem bus stabbing and car ramming", theguardian.com. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  69. ^ "Two Stabbing Attacks in Ra'anana Leaves Six Wounded", haaretz.com. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  70. ^ "Terrorist shot dead at Jerusalem's Damascus Gate in thwarted stabbing attack", jpost.com. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  71. ^ "Terrorist stabs woman boarding bus at Jerusalem Central Bus Station", jpost.com. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  72. ^ Dvorin, Tova (9 October 2015). "Stabbing in Jerusalem, One Wounded". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 11 October 2015. 
  73. ^ "Israeli seriously hurt in terror attack near Hebron", timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  74. ^ " Two Israelis Stabbed in Jerusalem and Hebron Area", haaretz.com. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  75. ^ "Five soldiers wounded in car-ramming terrorist attack in West Bank". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. 
  76. ^ "Shooting attack leaves two dead near Hebron". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2015-11-13. 
  77. ^ "Terrorist apprehended after stabbing Israeli in Petah Tikva", jpost.com. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  78. ^ "5 lightly injured in Tel Aviv stabbing; attacker killed", timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  79. ^ Hartman, Ben (9 October 2015). "Dimona: Jewish man stabs 4 Arabs in suspected nationalist attack". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 October 2015. 
  80. ^ "Israeli stabs another Jew by mistake, trying to avenge wave of Palestinian stabbings". RT English. 
  81. ^ "Hamas Calls for Third Intifada". Al Jazeera. 28 December 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2015. 
  82. ^ Uri Friedman, The 'Price Tag' Menace: Vigilante Israeli Settler Attacks Spread, at The Atlantic Wire, 3 October 2011:'The New York Times defines price tag attacks as incidents in which radical Jewish settlers "exact a price from local Palestinians or from the Israeli security forces for any action taken against their settlement enterprise".'
  83. ^ Wilson, Simone (12 November 2014). "In Israel, No One’s Backing Down from a Third Intifada". The Jewish Journal. Retrieved 9 October 2015. 
  84. ^ Chandler, Adam (18 October 2014). "A Shooting Attack in Southern Israel". The Atlantic. Retrieved 19 October 2015. 
  85. ^ Gordis, Daniel (8 October 2015). "Israel and a Third Intifada". BloombergView. Retrieved 9 October 2015. 
  86. ^ a b Hass, Amira (11 October 2015). "Abbas Can’t Control the Lost Generation of Oslo". Haaretz. Retrieved 13 October 2015. 
  87. ^ Ben Solomon, Ariel (9 October 2015). "This is Not the Third Intifada Yet". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 13 October 2015. 
  88. ^ Elior Levy, Yoav Zitun, 'Firebomb-throwing gone awry,' Ynet 14 October 2015.
  89. ^ "U.S. House Panel Unanimously Votes to Condemn Palestinian Incitement". Haaretz.com. 
  90. ^ "IN PICTURES: 'Dead' 13-year-old terrorist alive and well". Ynet. 15 October 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015. 
  91. ^ "Video of Palestinian stabber proves Abbas' 'execution' victim still alive". The Jerusalem Post. 15 October 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015. 
  92. ^ Khoury, Jack (6 November 2015). "Abbas Accuses Israel of 'Executing' 13-year-old". Haaretz. Retrieved 6 November 2015. 
  93. ^ "Viral video puts Israelis and Palestinians at sharp odds". Reuters. 14 October 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015. 
  94. ^ "MEMRI: Jibril Rajoub: We Are Proud of Heroic Palestinian Attackers; We Are Proud of Heroic Palestinian Attackers; We Won't Pay the Price for the Holocaust". IMRA. Retrieved 6 November 2015. 
  95. ^ a b c "US: Israel Maintain Temple Mount Jewish Ban – Global Agenda – News – Arutz Sheva". Arutz Sheva. 
  96. ^ "Knesset passes controversial ‘force-feeding’ bill for prisoners". Retrieved 4 November 2015. 
  97. ^ "Israel passes law sanctioning force-feeding prisoners; doctors vow court fight". Retrieved 4 November 2015. 
  98. ^ "UN urges Israelis and Palestinians to end violence". The Irish Times. 20 October 2015. 
  99. ^ "IDF arrests senior Hamas figure Hassan Yousef in West Bank". Jerusalem Post. 20 October 2015. 
  100. ^ "France Pushes Security Council Call for Deployment of International Observers to Temple Mount". Haaretz.com. 
  101. ^ "Merkel: 'We expect Abbas to condemn acts of terrorism'". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. 
  102. ^ IAN DEITCH, Associated Press (20 October 2015). "UN chief visits Jerusalem to help quell violence". The Columbian. 
  103. ^ "Human Rights Organizations in Israel: Politicians’ calls to police and soldiers to shoot rather than arrest endorse the killing of Palestinians". btselem.org. 
  104. ^ "Israel accused of 'deliberately killing' Palestinians". aljazeera.com. 

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israeli–Palestinian_conflict_(2015)&oldid=692099422"