3rd millennium
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In contemporary history, the third millennium is a period of time that began on January 1, 2001, and will end on December 31, 3000 of the Gregorian calendar.[1][2] It is the third period of one thousand years in the Anno Domini or Common Era.[2][3]
Contents
Civilizations[edit]
The civilizations in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme.
Events[edit]
The events in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme.
| Africa | Americas | Asia | Europe | Oceania | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21st century | 2010 Arab Spring[4] | 2001 September 11 attacks[5] 2013 Boston Marathon bombing[6][7] 2014 Shootings at the Canadian parliament[8][9] |
2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster 2014 Disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 2015 Mina stampede |
2005 July 7 London bombings[10] 2015 November 13 Paris attacks[11] |
2013 Tasmanian Bushfires[12] |
Predicted events[edit]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2015) |
As this millennium is currently in progress, its first two decades of 21st century (the past 2000s and the current 2010s), are the subject of the historian's attention. The remaining part of the 21st century (2020s to 2090s) and longer-term trends (22nd to 30th century) are researched in futures studies. Here are some possible events that will happen in those particular years:
Time capsules[edit]
- April 27, 2109 – A time capsule placed under the floor boards of the Old Queens Building at Rutgers University, in New Jersey, United States buried on April 27, 2009 is scheduled to be opened.[13]
- 2193 - A time capsule at the York Civic Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada is intended to be opened that year.[14] It was buried in 1997.
- December 31, 2999 - The Time Capsule in Chinook Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada is scheduled to open on December 31, 2999 after being sealed in 2000.[15]
Astronomical events[edit]
- December 11, 2117 - Transit of Venus.[16]
- September 14, 2123 - At 15:28 UTC, Venus will occult Jupiter.[17]
- December 8, 2125 - Transit of Venus.[18]
- July 29, 2126: At 16:08 UTC, Mercury will occult Mars.[19]
- May 27, 2221 - near-Earth asteroid (285263) 1998 QE2 will pass Earth at a distance of 0.038 AU (5,700,000 km; 3,500,000 mi).[20]
- May 6, 2492 - Belgian astronomer Jean Meeus asserts that the orbits of all eight planets and Pluto will be within the same 90° arc of the Solar System. The last time this is believed to have occurred was on February 1, 949.[21]
- May 5, 2600 - First total solar eclipse[22][dead link] visible from London since 2151.[23][dead link]
The width of its path is predicted to be exceptionally wide at its maximum point. - April 7, 2515 - At 10:37 UTC, Mars will occult Neptune.[24]
- January 25, 2518 - At 22:41 UTC, Venus will occult Saturn.[24]
- September 3, 2650 - The distance between Mars and the Earth will arrive at a new remarkable minimum, at 55 651 582,118 km.
It will be the closer encounter of perihelitic opposition slightly shorter (of next 37 000 km) than the previous one of the August 28, 2287.[25][better source needed]
The following closer encounter will be on September 8, 2729. - September 8, 2729 - The distance between Mars and the Earth will arrive at a new remarkable minimum, at 55 651 033,122 km.
It will be the closer encounter of perihelitic opposition slightly shorter (just of 549 km) than the previous one of the September 8, 2650.[25]
Biological events[edit]
- 2099 - According to one study, 83% of the Amazon rainforest may have been destroyed.[26]
- By 2100, 12% (about 1250) of the bird species existing at the beginning of the 21st century are expected to be extinct or threatened with extinction.[27]
- By 2100, emperor penguins could be pushed to the brink of extinction due to global climate change, according to a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution study from January 2009. The study applied mathematical models to predict how the loss of sea ice from climate warming would affect an Antarctica colony of emperor penguins, and they forecast a decline of 87% in the colony's population by the end of the century.[28]
Calendric predictions[edit]
- March 17, 2160 – Unless changes are made as to when Easter can be observed, this particular March 17 will fall within Holy Week for the first time since 2008 and fall on the same day (Monday) as it did in that year, likely requiring the movement of the Feast of Saint Patrick's Day to another date.[29]
- Unless changes are made in the religious calendar, in 2285, the Western Easter will fall on March 22 for the first time since 1818, the earliest possible date on which Easter can occur.[30]
Technological predictions[edit]
- Expected completion of a space elevator by 2050.[31]
- Predictions have been made for commercial hypersonic air travel by 2050.[32]
- Denmark's energy supply is planned to be supplied only by renewable energies in 2050.[33]
- Work on cleaning up the site of the Oldbury Nuclear Power Station near Thornbury, South Gloucestershire, England, which was decommissioned on 29 February 2012, is scheduled to be complete between 2092 and 2101.[34]
- According to the Discovery Channel documentary, Extreme Engineering, the Japanese proposed Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid could be complete by 2110.[35][36]
- The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100) initiated by Stanford University will be concluded in 2115.[37][38][39]
- 2162 or later: The satellite Envisat, declared "dead" in 2012, is expected to deorbit and burn up in the atmosphere no earlier than 2162.[40]
- By 2200, it is predicted that Earth will become a Type I civilization on the Kardashev scale, according to Nikolai Kardashev's extrapolation of 1% energy usage growth per year.[41]
Social predictions[edit]
- As of December 2009[update], the United States Census Bureau projects a world population of 8.4 billion by 2030[42]
- French demographist Emmanuel Todd predicts the level of literacy amongst the world population to reach near 100% by 2030[43]
- Gerontologist Aubrey De Grey predicts there is a "50/50 chance" of curing aging by around the year 2036[44]
- World population is predicted to reach 9.3 billion people, according to United Nations Population Division.[45]
- French demographist Emmanuel Todd predicts worldwide zero population growth birth rates by 2050.[46]
- The United Kingdom could have the largest population in Europe by 2050 and be the third biggest recipient of migrants in the world, UN projections suggest.[47]
- 2050s - China, United States, India, Brazil and Mexico will be the largest economies in the world, according to a Goldman Sachs study.[48]
- 2160 – Some scientists believe there are babies born in 2010 who may still be alive in 2160.[49]
- According to the UN Population Bureau, life expectancy in 2200 will be around 100 for developed countries and the world population will be about 8.5 billion. However, the UN has warned that these projections could be invalidated by any change and progress in future life extension technology and discoveries, as well as changes in future birthrates.[50]
- 22nd century - In his book The Next 100 Years, American political scientist George Friedman predicts that as the century begins, an ongoing confrontation between an increasingly powerful Mexico and the United States will be taking place. Mexico will be an economically and militarily powerful country capable of challenging the United States, while a Mexican majority in southern regions of the United States will have made them a de facto extension of Mexico, with increasing secessionist sentiment. Both countries will be competing for dominance over North America, which will remain the international centre of gravity throughout the next few centuries.[51]
Significant people[edit]
The people in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme.
| Africa | Americas | Asia | Europe | Oceania | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21st century | Muammar Gaddafi Hosni Mubarak Nelson Mandela Desmond Tutu |
Anwar al-Awlaki Hugo Chávez Dilma Rousseff George W. Bush Barack Obama |
Malala Yousafzai Tu Youyou Hu Jintao Narendra Modi Salman of Saudi Arabia Ban Ki-moon |
Elizabeth II Vladimir Putin Mario Draghi Angela Merkel Pope Francis Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
Kevin Rudd Julia Gillard |
Inventions, discoveries, introductions[edit]
| Communication and technology | Math and science | Manufacturing | Transportation and space exploration |
Warfare |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Centuries and decades[edit]
| 21st century | 2000s[b][c] | 2010s | 2020s | 2030s | 2040s | 2050s | 2060s | 2070s | 2080s | 2090s |
| 22nd century | 2100s | 2110s | 2120s | 2130s | 2140s | 2150s | 2160s | 2170s | 2180s | 2190s |
| 23rd century | 2200s | 2210s | 2220s | 2230s | 2240s | 2250s | 2260s | 2270s | 2280s | 2290s |
| 24th century | 2300s | 2310s | 2320s | 2330s | 2340s | 2350s | 2360s | 2370s | 2380s | 2390s |
| 25th century | 2400s | 2410s | 2420s | 2430s | 2440s | 2450s | 2460s | 2470s | 2480s | 2490s |
| 26th century | 2500s | 2510s | 2520s | 2530s | 2540s | 2550s | 2560s | 2570s | 2580s | 2590s |
| 27th century | 2600s | 2610s | 2620s | 2630s | 2640s | 2650s | 2660s | 2670s | 2680s | 2690s |
| 28th century | 2700s | 2710s | 2720s | 2730s | 2740s | 2750s | 2760s | 2770s | 2780s | 2790s |
| 29th century | 2800s | 2810s | 2820s | 2830s | 2840s | 2850s | 2860s | 2870s | 2880s | 2890s |
| 30th century | 2900s | 2910s | 2920s | 2930s | 2940s | 2950s | 2960s | 2970s | 2980s | 2990s |
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b Partially recognised state
- ^ 2000 is generally considered the last year of the 2nd millennium, but there is some dispute.
- ^ 9 of the 10 years of the decade are in this millennium.
References[edit]
- ^ United States Naval Observatory, "The 21st Century and the 3rd Millennium:When Did They Begin?" (Washington, DC, June 14, 2011).
- ^ a b "When and where did the new Millennium officially start, and why?". Royal Observatory Greenwich
- ^ Associated Press (2001-01-01). "Y2K It Wasn't, but It Was a Party". latimes.com. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
- ^ The Arab Spring—One Year Later: The CenSEI Report analyzes how 2011's clamor for democratic reform met 2012's need to sustain its momentum. The CenSEI Report, 13 February 2012
- ^ "How much did the September 11 terrorist attack cost America?". 2004. Institute for the Analysis of Global Security. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ "What we know about the Boston bombing and its aftermath". CNN. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
- ^ Kotz, Deborah (April 24, 2013). "Injury toll from Marathon bombs reduced to 264". The Boston Globe. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
Boston public health officials said Tuesday that they have revised downward their estimate of the number of people injured in the Marathon attacks, to 264.
- ^ http://www.parl.gc.ca/about/house/newsroom/articles/2015-06-03-Summary-e.pdf
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/parliament-hill-attacked-soldier-shot-at-national-war-memorial-in-ottawa-1.2808710
- ^ Bennetto, Jason; Ian Herbert (13 August 2005). "London bombings: the truth emerges". The Independent. Retrieved 3 December 2006.
- ^ "Paris attacks: What we know so far". France 24. 15 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
- ^ "Fires rage across Tasmania". abc.net.au (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 2013-01-04. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
- ^ Diduch, Mary (April 27, 2009). "U. celebrates Old Queens bicentennial". The Daily Targum (Rutgers University: College Media Network). Retrieved June 16, 2009.
At the ceremony, a time capsule was revealed containing several items from today to leave for the University in 2109, at the building’s tricentennial commemoration.
- ^ York Civic Centre. Freebase (2006-10-23). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
- ^ Chinook Centre - Time Capsule, accessed February 29, 2012
- ^ HM Nautical Almanac Office: 2117 Transit of Venus. Astro.ukho.gov.uk (2011-05-03). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
- ^ Articles – Occultation – OPT Telescopes. Optcorp.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
- ^ HM Nautical Almanac Office: 2125 Transit of Venus. Astro.ukho.gov.uk (2011-05-03). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
- ^ Occultation - Mutual planetary transits and occultations - Encyclopedia II at the Wayback Machine (archived December 13, 2013)
- ^ Dr. Lance A. M. Benner (May 28, 2013). "(285263) 1998 QE2 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
- ^ Griffith Observatory (non accessible)
- ^ Solar eclipse of May 5, 2600
- ^ Solar eclipse of June 14, 2151
- ^ a b Mutual Planetary Transits; Fifteen millennium catalog; Period 2 001 AD - 3 000 AD
- ^ a b Baalke, Ron (2003-08-22). "Mars Makes Closest Approach In Nearly 60,000 Years". Retrieved 2015-11-15.
- ^ "No rainforest, no monsoon: get ready for a warmer world". NewScientist.
- ^ Pimm, Stuart; et al. (2006). "Human impacts on the rates of recent, present, and future bird extinctions". PNAS 103 (29): 10941–10946. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604181103. PMC 1544153. PMID 16829570.
- ^ Dunham, Will. "Melting Sea Ice May Doom Emperor Penguins, Study Finds". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
- ^ Nevans-Pederson, Mary (2008-03-13). "No St. Pat's Day Mass allowed in Holy Week". Dubuque Telegraph Herald. Woodward Communications, Inc. Archived from the original on 5 April 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
- ^ http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/easter.php
- ^ Rebecca Boyle (2012-02-23). "Japanese Construction Company Plans Space Elevator By 2050". Australian Popular Science. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Our future energy" (PDF). The Danish government. The Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy. November 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ Enoch, Nick (February 29, 2012). "World's oldest nuclear power station closes... but it will take 90 more years and £954m to clear it completely". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 29 February 2012.
- ^ New Mega-City Challenge – Concept. Geekwidget (2010-03-29). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
- ^ city in pyramid on YouTube
- ^ "Stanford to host 100-year study on artificial intelligence". Stanford University. 16 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ^ "Study to Examine Effects of Artificial Intelligence". The New York Times. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ^ "One-Hundred Year Study of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections and Framing". Eric Horvitz. 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ^ Wall, Mike (2012-05-11). "Dead Satellite Envisat May Be Space Junk for 150 Years". Huffington Post (Huffington Post). Retrieved 2012-05-13.
- ^ Kaku, Michio (April 26, 2004). "How Advanced Could They Be?". Astrobiology Magazine. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
- ^ "Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950-2050". U.S. Census Bureau. 2008-12-15. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
- ^ Todd, Emmanuel (2003). After the Empire: The Breakdown of the American Order. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13102-X.
- ^ Health and Science Correspondent Kate Kelland. "Who wants to live forever? Scientist sees aging cured". Reuters. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- ^ "World population to reach 9.1 billion in 2050, UN projects". UN News Center. 24 February 2005.
- ^ Todd, Emmanuel (2003). After the Empire: The Breakdown of the American Order. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13102-X.
- ^ "Britain 'biggest in EU by 2050'". BBC News. 12 March 2009.
- ^ Wilson, Dominic; Stupnytska, Anna (March 28, 2007). "The N-11: More Than an Acronym" (PDF). Global Economics Paper 153.
- ^ Laurance, Jeremy (2010-05-12). "Has the elixir of youth come of age?". The Independent (London: The Independent). Archived from the original on 15 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-15.
- ^ World population in 2300. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
- ^ Friedman, George (2009) The Next 100 Years: A Forecast for the 21st Century, Anchor, ISBN 0767923057.
- ^ "Chronology – Quarter 1 1949".
- ^ Mackenzie, Dana (2006-12-22). "The Poincaré Conjecture--Proved". Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 314 (5807): 1848–1849. doi:10.1126/science.314.5807.1848. PMID 17185565. ISSN: 0036-8075.
- ^ "Higgs boson-like particle discovery claimed at LHC". BBC News. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "India's Mars satellite successfully enters orbit, bringing country into space elite". The Guardian. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
India has become the first nation to send a satellite into orbit around Mars on its first attempt, and the first Asian nation to do so.
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