Help:IPA for Italian
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Italian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Italian phonology for a more thorough overview of the sounds of Italian. There is also an Italian pronunciation guide at Wiktionary.
To learn more about the correspondence between spelling and sounds, see Italian orthography.
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Syntactic gemination[edit]
Main article: Syntactic gemination
Syntactic gemination is a very common phenomenon in Italian language. It mainly occurs under the following circumstances:[14]
- after all words with an accented final vowel, such as è, già, sanità, perché;
- after the following monosyllables: a, blu, che, chi, da, do, e, fa, fo, fra, fu, gru, ha, ho, ma, me (tonic), mo', no, o, Po, qua, qui, re, sa, se (conjunction), so, sta, sto, su, te (tonic), tra, tre, tu, va, vo;
- after the names of the letters (excluding effe, acca, cappa, elle, emme, enne, erre, esse, ics, ipsilon and zeta, that are not vowel-ending monosyllables): ABC /abbitˈtʃi*/;
- after a few bisyllables: come, dove, ove, qualche, sopra.
Notes[edit]
- ^ If the consonants are doubled between vowels, they are geminated. This may also happen between sonorants (genuinely, all consonants can be geminated except for /z/). In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant: fatto /ˈfatto/, mezzo /ˈmɛddzo/; or by the length marker ‹ ː ›. Notice that syntactic gemination also occurs in Italian (e.g. va via /vavˈviːa/).
- ^ a b ⟨z⟩ represents both /ts/ and /dz/. In order to determine which, consult a dictionary.
- ^ a b c d e /dz/, /ts/, /ʎ/, /ɲ/ and /ʃ/ are always geminated between vowels.
- ^ If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and ⟨
⟩ do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, then you have an issue with your default font. See Rendering issues. - ^ a b c The nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/~/nk/ is a velar [ŋ], and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental [ɱ] (though for simplicity ⟨m⟩ takes its place in this list). A nasal before /p/ and /b/ is always the labial [m].
- ^ Italian contrasts seven monophthongs in stressed syllables. Open-mid vowels /ɛ ɔ/ can only appear when the syllable is stressed (e.g. coperto /koˈpɛrto/), close-mid vowels /e o/ are found elsewhere (e.g. Boccaccio /bokˈkattʃo/, amore /aˈmoːre/). Open and close vowels /a i u/ stay unchanged in unstressed syllables, though word-final unstressed /i/ may become an approximant [j] before vowels in a process known as synalepha (syllable merging), e.g. pari età /ˌparjeˈta*/.
- ^ "law" in Received Pronunciation has a mid back rounded vowel [lɔ̝ː] whereas in General American, that vowel varies between being open-mid back rounded [lɔː], open back rounded [lɒː] or even open back unrounded [lɑː].
- ^ Usually dropped.
- ^ Open-mid [œ] or close-mid [ø] if stressed, usually [ø] when unstressed. May be replaced by [ɛ] (stressed) or [e] (stressed or unstressed).
- ^ In Spanish loanwords it is usually realized as [h] or dropped; in German ones, it is usually pronounced [k].
- ^ Often realized as [u] or [ju].
- ^ Since in Italian there isn't a distinction between heavier or lighter vowels (e.g. English o in conclusion vs o in nomination), a defined secondary stress, even in long words, is extremely rare.
- ^ Stressed vowels are long when in a non-final open syllable: fato /ˈfaːto/ ~ fatto /ˈfatto/.
- ^ Serianni L. (2006). Grammatica italiana. UTET Università. ISBN 978-8860080578.
External links[edit]
- (Italian) Dizionario italiano multimediale e multilingue d'ortografia e di pronunzia (not based on IPA)
- (Italian) Dizionario di pronuncia italiana online by Luciano Canepari (based on IPA)
- (Italian) Dizionario Italiano: online il dizionario della lingua italiana! (based on IPA)
