List of territorial entities where German is an official language
The following is a list of the territorial entities where German is an official language. It includes countries, which have German as (one of) their nationwide official language(s), as well as dependent territories with German as a co-official language.
Contents
German as an official language[edit]
German is the official language of six sovereign countries, all of which lie in central Europe. With the exception of Luxembourg, but the addition of South Tyrol, these countries also form the Council for German Orthography.
| Country | Population 2014/2015[1] | L1 speakers[2][3][4] | L2 speakers (appr.)[2][4] |
More information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Germany |
81,083,600 | 74,430,000 (91.8%) | 5,600,000 (6.9%) | De facto sole nationwide official language |
 Belgium |
11,245,629 | 73,000 (0.6%) | 2,472,746 (22%) | De jure nationwide co-official language (majority language only in German speaking community) |
 Austria |
8,602,112 | 7,999,964 (93%) | 516,000 (6%) | De jure sole nationwide official language |
 Switzerland |
8,256,000 | 5,329,393 (64.6%) | 395,000 (5%) | De jure sole official language in 17, co-official in 4 cantons (out of 26) |
 Luxembourg |
562,958 | 11,000 (2%) | 380,000 (67.5%) | De jure nationwide co-official language |
 Liechtenstein |
37,370 | 32,075 (85.8%) | 5,200 (13.9%) | De jure sole nationwide official language |
|
|
109,787,669 | 87,875,432 | 9,368,946 | L1 + L2 = 97,244,378 |
Dependent entities[edit]
German, or one of its dialects, is a co-official language in several dependent entities. In each of these regions, German, along with the official language of the host nation, is an official language on the administrative level.
| Region | Country | Population 2006/2011 (appr.) |
L1 speakers | More information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Autonomous Province of South Tyrol |
 Italy |
511,750 | 354,643 (69.3%)[5] | Co-official language on province level; equal to Italian |
 Opole Voivodeship (28 communes) Silesian Voivodeship (3 communes) |
 Poland |
∑ 250,000 | ~50,000 (~20%)[6] | Auxiliary language in 31 communes;[7] also national minority language[8] |
 Espírito Santo (5 municipalities) Santa Catarina (2 municipalities) Rio Grande do Sul (2 municipalities) |
 Brazil |
∑ 205,000 | N/A | Co-official language in 9 municipalities[9] (as "German", "Pomeranian", and "Hunsrückisch"); also statewide cultural language in Espírito Santo[10] |
In the two Slovakian villages of 
Krahule/Blaufuss and 
Kunešov/Kuneschhau (population ∑ 530) the percentage of ethnic Germans exceeds 20%,[11] therefore making German a co-official language according to Slovakian law.[12][13][14] However, due to the size of the villages and the approximate number of native German speakers (~100), the administrative impact is negligible.
Other legal statuses[edit]
There are other political entities (countries as well as dependent entities) which acknowledge other legal statuses for the German language or one of its dialects. While these may cover minority rights, support of certain language facilities (schools, media, etc.), and the promotion of cultural protection/heritage, they do not encompass the establishment of German as an "official" language, i.e., being required in public offices or administrative texts.
Brazil (cultural language in Espírito Santo; also co-official in in 9 municipalities in southern Brazil)[10]
Bosnia and Herzegovina (national minority language)[8]
Czech Republic (national minority language)[4][8][15]
Denmark (minority language in Syddanmark)[8][16][17]
Hungary (national minority language)[8][18][19]
Italy (outside South Tyrol) (minority language in Trentino[20][21] (as "Cimbrian" & "Mòcheno/Fersentalerisch"); Piedmont[22]/Valle d'Aosta[23] (as Walser German); Friuli-Venezia Giulia[24] (various dialects))
Kazakhstan (national minority language)[25]
Namibia (national language; co-official language 1984–90)[4][26]
Poland (national minority language; also auxiliary language in 31 communes)[8]
Romania (national minority language)[4][8][27]
Russia (minority language in the Azov German National District)[28]
Slovakia (national minority language; also co-official in 2 villages)[8]
Ukraine (national minority language)[8]
Although in 
France, the High German varieties Alsatian and Moselle Franconian are identified as "regional languages" according to the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages of 1998, the French government has not yet ratified the treaty, and those varieties have no official legal status.[29]
The constitution of 
South Africa identifies German as a "commonly used" language and the Pan South African Language Board is obligated to "promote and ensure respect" for it.[30]
Due to the German diaspora, other countries with sizable populations of (mostly bilingual) German L1 speakers include 
Argentina, 
Australia, 
Canada, 
Paraguay, as well as the 
United States.[31] However, in none of these countries, German or a German variety have any legal status.
In the 
Netherlands, the Limburgish, Frisian, and Low German languages are protected regional languages according to the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages,[8] however they are widely considered separate languages and neither German nor Dutch dialects.
International institutions[edit]
German is an official language of the following international institutions:
- European Patent Organisation – EPO
- European Space Agency – ESA
- European Union - EU
- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe - OSCE
- Reporters Without Borders – RWB
- World Association of Newspapers – WAN
- Numerous international sports associations:
- European Handball Federation – EHF
- Fédération Internationale de Basketball – FIBA
- Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing – FIBT
- Fédération Internationale de Football Association – FIFA
- Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique – FIG
- Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course – FIL
- Fédération Internationale de Ski – FIS
- International Biathlon Union – IBU
- Union of European Football Associations – UEFA
References[edit]
- ^ See: List of countries and dependencies by population
- ^ a b Europarometer 2012 - Annex
- ^ "German, Standard". Ethnologue.
- ^ a b c d e Ammon, Ulrich - Die Stellung der deutschen Sprache in der Welt (de Gruyter Mouton; ISBN 978-3-11-019298-8)
- ^ Census of South Tyrol 2011
- ^ Polish census 2011 (note that ethnic associations allow only for a very rough estimate of first language distribution)
- ^ "Map on page of Polish Commission on Standardization of Geographical Names" (PDF). Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Council of Europe - List of ratifications of the Charter for regional/minority languages
- ^ "IPOL realizará formação de recenseadores para o censo linguístico do município de Antônio Carlos-SC". e-ipol.org.
- ^ a b Legislative Assembly of the state of Espírito Santo (Comissioner for Culture and Social Communication - Addition to the constitutional amendment number 11/2009 establishing the Pomeranian dialect as well as German as cultural heritage of the state (February 2011)
- ^ Úrad splnomocnenca vlády SR pre národnostné menšiny (The Government Council of the Slovak Republic for National Minorities and Ethnic Groups) - List of Slovakian municipalities with >20% minority population (2011)
- ^ National Geographic Collegiate Atlas of the World. Willard, Ohio: R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company. April 2006. pp. 257–299. ISBN 978-0-7922-3662-7.
- ^ Annual of Language & Politics and Politics of Identity - Language Policy of Slovak Republic (Zdeněk Škrobák)
- ^ "National Council of the Slovak Republic - 184 Act (dated 10 July 1999) on the use of languages of national minorities". kbdesign.sk.
- ^ Carolin Zwilling (European Academy Bolzano-Bozen, 2004) - Minority Protection and Language Policy in the Czech Republic
- ^ "European Centre for Minority Issues - Bonn-Copenhagen Declarations". ecmi.de.
- ^ Die deutsche Minderheit in Dänemark - Sprache – Identität und Schlüssel (German). Letzter Zugriff am 3. Mai 2015
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Budapest - Die deutsche Minderheit in Ungarn". Retrieved 3 May 2015.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Budapest - The national and ethnic minorities in Hungary
- ^ "Tutela delle comunità linguistiche storiche - Provincia Autonoma di Trento - Minoranze Linguistiche". provincia.tn.it.
- ^ Sprachminderheiten in Italien - Autonome Region Trentino-Südtirol
- ^ L.R. n. 26 del 10 aprile 1990 - Tutela, valorizzazione e promozione della conoscenza dell'originale patrimonio linguistico del Piemonte - B.U. n. 16 del 18 aprile 1990
- ^ Loi constitutionnelle n° 4 du 26 février 1948 STATUT SPECIAL POUR LA VALLEE D'AOSTE
- ^ Sprachminderheiten in Italien - Friuli Venezia Giulia
- ^ "German as recognized language in Kazakhstan according to Language Law, No. 151-1, 11 July, Articles 4,6,7 (1997)". Ethnologue.
- ^ "Deutsch in Namibia" (PDF) (in German). Supplement of the Allgemeine Zeitung. 18 August 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2008.
- ^ "Die deutsche Sprache in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz". google.de.
- ^ "УСТАВ АЗОВСКОГО РАЙОННОГО СОВЕТА ОТ 21.05.2002 N 5-09 УСТАВ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ "АЗОВСКИЙ НЕМЕЦКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ РАЙОН ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (ПРИНЯТ РЕШЕНИЕМ АЗОВСКОГО РАЙОННОГО СОВЕТА ОТ 21.05.2002 N 5-09, ЗАРЕГИСТРИРОВАН ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕМ ЗС ОТ 25.06.2002 N 106)". bestpravo.ru.
- ^ "Charte européenne des langues régionales : Hollande nourrit la guerre contre le français". Le Figaro.
- ^ "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions". www.gov.za.
- ^ German L1 speakers outside Europe
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