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edit   The Geography Portal Map of Earth Geography is the science that studies the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of the Earth. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (276–194 BC). Four historical traditions in geographical research are the spatial analysis of the natural and the human phenomena (geography as the study of distribution), the area studies (places and regions), the study of the human-land relationship, and research in the Earth sciences. Modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the Earth and all of its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical science". Geography is divided into two main branches: human geography and physical geography. More about geography… edit   Featured article Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly river, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India. The Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, it has undergone an economic rejuvenation. edit   In this month 1 June 2007 – Formation of Cyclone Gonu in the Arabian Sea 6 June 1953 – Death of geographer Fred K. Schaefer, considered one of the pioneers of quantitative revolution 19 June 1965 – Province of Eastern Samar (pictured) created from Samar by virtue of Republic Act No. 4221 30 June 2008 – Decision reached by United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in case Greenberg v. National Geographic More anniversaries... edit   Did you know... ...that the volcano Mount St. Helens (pictured) is named after Alleyne FitzHerbert of Derby? ...that Goose Creek State Park, a North Carolina state park off Pamlico Sound, is in an inlet that once provided cover for Blackbeard, Stede Bonnet and other pirates? ...that the now-Polish Gliwice Canal was known as the "Adolf Hitler Canal" during WWII? edit   Things you can do Here are some tasks awaiting attention: Article requests : See Requested articles/Social sciences/Geography, cities, regions and named places and Missing articles about Locations Assess : Tag related article talk pages with {{WikiProject Geography}}. To help assess the quality and importance of geography articles, please see: Unassessed geography articles and Unknown-importance geography articles. Cleanup : See Geography articles needing attention Geography Geographic information system Geography of China Geostatistics History of geography Holarctic Kriging Philosophy of geography Urbanism Valley Copyedit : Geographical feature Glossary of geography terms List of world map changes Regions of North America (See Regions of Africa) Regions of Oceania Regions of South America Demographics of Asia (See Demographics of Africa) Demographics of Oceania Cycle of erosion Outer Continental Shelf Tied island Deletion sorting : Listed at Geographic related deletion discussions Expand : TOP PRIORITY: expand articles in Outline of geography and Outlines of regions (one for each country and region) - these are general reference companions to the main articles on each country. Are your favorite countries covered yet? The lists completed enough to be transferred to article space can be found at Portal:Contents/Geography and places. Index of geography articles (replace redirect with an article index, see Index of psychology articles as an example) List of geographers Visual geography Geographical coordinates : See Articles missing geocoordinate data by country Infobox : See Geography articles needing infoboxes Map : See Wikipedia requested maps Notability : See Geography articles with topics of unclear notability Photo : See Wikipedia requested photographs of places Stubs : See Geography stubs edit   Featured biography Caspar David Friedrich was a 19th-century German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important of the movement. He is best known for his mid-period allegorical landscapes, which typically feature contemplative figures silhouetted against night skies, morning mists, barren trees or Gothic ruins. His primary interest as an artist was the contemplation of nature, and his often symbolic and anti-classical work seeks to convey a subjective, emotional response to the natural world. Friedrich's work characteristically sets the human element in diminished perspective amid expansive landscapes, reducing the figures to a scale that. Friedrich was born in the Swedish Pomeranian town of Greifswald, where he began his studies in art as a youth. Later, he studied in Copenhagen until 1798, before settling in Dresden. Friedrich's work brought him renown early in his career, and contemporaries such as the French sculptor David d'Angers spoke of him as a man who had discovered "the tragedy of landscape". However, his work fell from favour during his later years, and he died in obscurity. By the 1920s his paintings had been discovered by the Expressionists, and in the 1930s and early 1940s Surrealists and Existentialists frequently drew ideas from his work. edit   Categories ▼ Geography ► Branches of geography ► Geography by place ► Geography awards and competitions ► Geography conferences ► Geography education ► Environmental studies ► Exploration ► Geocodes ► Geographers ► Geographical zones ► Geopolitical corridors ► History of geography ► Land systems ► Landscape ► Geography-related lists ► Lists of countries by geography ► Navigation ► Geography organizations ► Places ► Geographical regions ► Surveying ► Geographical technology ► Geography terminology ► Works about geography ► Geographic images ► Geography stubs edit   WikiProjects Parent project WikiProject Geography Descendant projects Caves Cities Countries Country subdivisions Demographics Deserts Former countries Geographical coordinates Glaciers Islands Lakes Maps Mountains Protected areas Rivers Subdivisions of former countries Tropical cyclones Urban studies and planning Volcanoes Waterfalls Related projects WikiProject Globalization What are WikiProjects? edit   Featured picture Topographic map of the state of Florida. edit   Selected quote edit   Articles Antarctica Afro-Eurasia Americas Australia Africa Eurasia North America Oceania Europe Asia South America Supercontinents: Gondwana • Laurasia • Pangaea • Rodinia edit   Subportals Africa Antarctica Arctic Asia Caribbean Central America Europe European Union Islands Latin America Mediterranean Middle East North America Oceania Oceans South America edit   Related portals Atlas Atmosphere Atmospheric sciences Disasters Earth sciences Earthquakes Energy Environment Global warming Islands Mountains Physics Political science Science Seamounts Sociology Sustainable development Tropical cyclones Volcanoes Water Weather edit   Associated Wikimedia

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