Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia
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| Prince Miloš Obrenović I Кнез Милош Обреновић I |
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| Prince of Serbia | |
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| Reign | November 6, 1817 – June 25, 1839 and December 23, 1858 – September 26, 1860 |
| Predecessor | Karađorđe Petrović |
| Successor | Milan II (Obrenović) Mihailo III (Obrenović) |
| Grand Vožd of Serbia | |
| Predecessor | Karađorđe |
| Successor | Title abolished |
| Born | March 18, 1780 Gornja Dobrinja near Požega |
| Died | September 25, 1860 (aged 80) Belgrade |
| Consort | Ljubica Vukomanović |
| Issue | Princess Petrija, Princess Savka, Prince Gabriel, Princess Marija, Prince Todor, Prince Milan, Prince Mihailo |
| House | House of Obrenović |
| Father | Todor Mihailović |
| Mother | Višnja Urošević |
| Styles of Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia |
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| Reference style | His Serene Highness |
| Spoken style | Your Serene Highness |
| Alternative style | Sir |
Miloš Obrenović (pronounced [mîloʃ obrěːnoʋit͡ɕ]; Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Обреновић; Anglicised: Milosh Obrenovich; born Miloš Teodorović[1] [mîloʃ teodǒːroʋit͡ɕ]; 18 March 1780 [7 March o.s.] – 26 September 1860) was Prince of Serbia from 1815 to 1839, and again from 1858 to 1860. He participated in the First Serbian Uprising, led Serbs in the Second Serbian Uprising, and founded the House of Obrenović. Under his rule, Serbia became an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire. Prince Miloš ruled autocratically, permanently refusing to share power. During his rule, he was the richest man in Serbia and one of the richest in the Balkans.
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Early life[edit]
Miloš Obrenović was the son of Višnja Urošević (died 1817) and Teodor Mihailović (died 1802), a poor peasant from Serbia county in Užice city area. It was the second marriage for both of them. He was born in the village of Dobrinja, near Požega, in the Užice district. Miloš was the eldest of three boys born to the couple; his younger brothers were Jovan (1786–1850) and Jevrem (1790–1856). His mother's first marriage was to Obren Martinović (died 1777), and they had three children: Stana (born 1773), Jakov (1767–1817) and Milan (1770 – 16 December 1810).
Following the death of his half-brother Milan, famous leader in First Serbian Uprising, Miloš took the surname Obrenović, after the first name of Milan's father.
Marriage and children[edit]
In 1805, Miloš married Ljubica Vukomanović (September 1785 – Vienna, 26 May 1843). The couple had eight children whose names are known. It is speculated that Ljubica had other pregnancies that resulted in miscarriages, stillbirths, or children who died shortly after birth, with some sources giving a number as high as 17 pregnancies.
- Prince Petar
- Princess Petrija (5 August 1808 – 1870)
- Princess Savka (28 March 1814 – 5 October 1848)
- Prince Milan (21 October 1819 – 8 July 1839)
- Prince Mihailo (16 September 1823 – 10 June 1868)
- Princess Marija (born and died 9 July 1830)
- Prince Todor
- Prince Gabriel
Serbian uprisings and autonomy[edit]
Miloš fought in the First Serbian Uprising until its very end in 1813. His half-brother Milan also took part in the Uprising, rising to become the commander/voivode (duke) of the Rudnik district. After the rebellion collapsed, Miloš was among the few of its leaders that remained in Serbia to face the vengeful returning Ottoman Turks. After the killing of Karađorđe Petrović, in 1817, Obrenović became the leader of the Serbs.
In April 1815, he organized and led the Second Serbian Uprising. After defeating the Turks, and Napoleon's defeat in Russia Turks agreed to the terms of the agreement from 1815. As a result of the agreement, Serbia gained some autonomy, but remained under Ottoman sovereignty. Miloš Obrenović was left in power as its absolute ruler. Between the end of 1828 and the autumn of 1830 Prince Miloš created a so-called "legislative commission" to translate the Code Napoléon into Serbian and codify the laws and customs of the country. After discussing the commission, Miloš invited two distinguished legal specialists to come from Austrian-occupied Serbia to prepare a more suitable criminal and civil code of laws for Serbia. They were Vasilije Lazarević, Bürgermeister, or mayor, of Zemun, and Jovan Hadžić, lawyer, poet, and member of the municipal senate of Novi Sad. In January he advised a great national assembly that he had obtained an imperial edict from the Sultan ending all direct obligations of Serbian peasants to their former Turkish lords, guaranteeing Ottoman recognition of Serbian autonomy in most matters of internal administration, and offering Serbia the prospect of territorial aggrandizement, as well as the express right to institute schools, courts, and a governmental administration of her own. Sultan's decrees of 1830 and 1833 expanded the same rights to a larger territory, and made Serbia a sovereign principality with Miloš Obrenović as hereditary prince. A Metropolitanate of Serbia was established in Belgrade, and made Autonomous part of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Russia's status as the guarantor of Serbia's autonomy was also recognized.
Later rule[edit]
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The supporters of Karadjordjevics often rebelled against Miloš's government. Following one such rebellion, he agreed to adopt a constitution in 1835. The move was opposed by neighboring Austria, the ruling Ottoman Empire and Russia. It is believed that the three great empires saw the constitution as a danger to their own autocratic systems of government. Metternich's Austria particularly ridiculed the fact that Serbia had its own flag and foreign ministry. Miloš abolished the constitution at the demand of Russia and Turkey.
Miloš abdicated in 1839 in favor of his sons—Milan, who died a few weeks later, and Mihailo, who then became prince. Mihailo was deposed in 1842, and the family was out of power until 1858, when it returned with Miloš restored as prince for the last two years of his life.
Legacy[edit]
Miloš Obrenović was given the epithet the Great. He was proclaimed Father of the Fatherland by the National Assembly.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ Milos Obrenovic (Serbian)
- ^ Milutin D. Nešić (1920). Knez Mihailo. Štamparija braće grujić i prometnog D.D.
С државнога балкона у згради Народне Скупштине (Велика пивара) читаше се прокламација народу српском, да је повраћен па престо отац отаџбине Велики Милош. Ко је видео како је та одлука за час угасила оне упаљене ...
- Miloš Obrenović information (Serbian)
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Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia
Born: 18 March [7 March o.s.] 1780 Died: 26 September 1860 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Karađorđe |
Grand Vožd of Serbia 1815 – 1817 |
Title abolished proclaimed Prince of Serbia
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| New title | Prince of Serbia 1817–1839 |
Succeeded by Milan Obrenović II |
| Preceded by Aleksandar Karađorđević |
Prince of Serbia 1858–1860 |
Succeeded by Mihailo Obrenović III |
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