Samoyedic peoples
The Samoyedic peoples (also Samodeic peoples)[1] are those peoples that speak Samoyedic languages, which are part of the Uralic family. They are a linguistic grouping, not an ethnic or cultural one. The name derives from the obsolete term Samoyed used in Russia for some indigenous peoples of Siberia.[2][3]
Peoples[edit]
Existing Peoples
| People | Group | Language | Numbers[4] | Most important territory | Other traditional territories |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nenets | Northern Samoyeds | Nenets language | 45,000 | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
| Enets | Northern Samoyeds | Enets language | 200 | Krasnoyarsk Krai | |
| Nganasans | Northern Samoyeds | Nganasan language | 900 | Krasnoyarsk Krai | |
| Selkups | Southern Samoyeds | Selkup language | 3,600 | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Tomsk Oblast |
Extinct Peoples[5]
- Yurats (Northern Samoyeds) - assimilated into Nenets people
- Kamasins or Kamas (Southern or Sayan Mountains Samoyeds) - subgroups Kamas proper and Koibal; assimilated into Russians and Turkic Khakas people
- Mators or Motors (Southern or Sayan Mountains Samoyeds) - subgroups Mator proper, Karagas and Taygi; assimilated into Russians and Turkic peoples
The largest of the Samoyedic peoples are the Nenets, who mainly live in two autonomous districts of Russia: Yamalo-Nenetsia and Nenetsia. Part of the Nenets and most of the Enets and Nganasans used to live in Taymyria autonomous district (formerly known as Dolgano-Nenetsia), but today this area is a territory with special status within Krasnoyarsk Krai. Most of the Selkups live in Yamalo-Nenetsia, but there is also significant population in Tomsk Oblast.
Gallery[edit]
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A group of Samoyeds around a campfire, 1914
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Samoyed in winterdress (before 1906)
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Nenets child
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Nenets inside a tent
References and notes[edit]
- ^ Some ethnologists use the term 'Samodeic people' instead 'Samoyedic', see Balzer, Marjorie (1999). The Tenacity of Ethnicity. Princeton University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-691-00673-4.
- ^ [T]he term Samoyedic is sometimes considered derogatory in Balzer, Marjorie (1999). The Tenacity of Ethnicity. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00673-4.
- ^ "Samoyeds" had no derogatory meaning and represents a modification of the expression same-edne in Arctic Institute of North America (1961). Anthropology of the North: Translations from Russian Sources. University of Toronto Press. p. 219.
- ^ Demoskop Weekly No 543-544
- ^ Unesco Red Book on Endangered Languages
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