Forests of Australia

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Organisations National International AZA · CITES · IUCN WAZA · WAP · WWF Associated acts Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
Related topics Ecoregions · Forestry · Fishing Agriculture · Tourism Botanical and Zoological gardens Environmental issues

Australian vegetation including forest cover

Total employment in forestry and logging in Australia (thousands of people) since 1984

Australia has many forests of importance due to significant features, despite being one of the driest continents. Australia has approximately 123 million hectares of native forest, which represents about 16% of Australia's land area. The majority of Australia's trees are hardwoods, typically eucalypts, rather than softwoods like pine. While softwoods dominate some native forests, their total area is judged insufficient to constitute a major forest type in Australia's National Forest Inventory. The Forests Australia website provides up-to-date information on Australia's forests. Detailed information on Australia's forests is available from Australia's State of the Forests Reports that are published every five years.

Forest types

There are 457 forest communities distributed across Australia. These have been grouped into the following seven native forest types, which are characterised by dominant species and the structure of the forest:

• Rainforests
• Melaleuca forests
• Eucalypt forests
• Casuarina forests
• Callitris forests
• Acacia forests
• Mangrove forests

Plantation forests (softwood and some hardwood) have been defined as an eighth group that covers trees planted for commercial use.

Government

Policies

In Australia the states and territories are responsible for managing forests. Guidance is primarily provided by the 1992 National Forest Policy Statement (NFPS). The NFPS allows for the inclusion of Regional Forest Agreements, which are 20-year plans for the management of native forests.

Departments

• Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries in the Northern Territory
• Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
• Department of Primary Industries and its child agency Forests NSW
• South Australian Forestry Corporation (trading as Forestry SA)
• Forestry Tasmania
• Department of Environment and Primary Industries
• Department of Environment and Conservation

List of significant forests

Forest	Image	Notable features
Alpine National Park		Extensive mountain ash and snowgum forests.
D'Aguilar National Park	Minnamurra Rainforest	Large nature reserve on the western boundary of the City of Brisbane, bordering on the Mount Coot-tha Reserve, that supports a large variety of native plants and animals.
Brown Mountain forest		Located in East Gippsland, Victoria, abuts the Errinundra National Park, and is notable for containing large tracts of old growth forest, including over fifty mountain ash trees estimated to be over 300 years old. The eucalypt forest provides key habitat for rare and threatened species such as the powerful owl, the spotted quoll, mainland Australia's largest marsupial carnivore, and the long-footed potoroo, Victoria's rarest marsupial.
Central Highlands (Victoria)		Contain cool temperate rainforests; dominated by myrtle beech and southern sassafras, with an understorey of ferns and mosses. They may also contain eucalypt trees and Australian blackwood. Eastern forests of the Central Highlands such as the Toolangi State Forest and Melbourne's forested water catchments provide habitat for the threatened Leadbeater's possum.
Daintree Rainforest		Tropical rainforest near Daintree, Queensland. At around 1200 square kilometers the Daintree is Australia's largest contiguous area of rainforest. Contains 30% of frog, marsupial and reptile species in Australia, and 65% of Australia's bat and butterfly species. 20% of bird species in the country can be found in this area including the threatened cassowary. Added to the World Heritage List in 1988.
Disappointment Reference Area		Extensive mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forest with dense treeferns along many creeks. Prior to the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires, which burnt the majority of the reference area, this forest has not been burned since the 1700s, making many of the trees ~300 years old.
Errindundra forests		The Errinundra National Park in East Gippland contains the largest remaining cool temperate rainforests in Victoria. These old growth forests harbour many rare and threatened species of flora and fauna, including powerful owls, tiger quolls and long-footed potoroos.
Gloucester National Park		Karri eucalyptus forests that includes the Gloucester Tree, Western Australia's most famous karri tree (pictured)
Gondwana Rainforests of Australia		Remnants of Gondwanaland forests. Pictured is Point Lookout, New England National Park, NSW.
Goolengook		Old growth cool temperate rainforest in Eastern Victoria.
Great Otway National Park		Diverse range of landscapes and vegetation types including some old growth eucalyptus forest.
Karawatha Forest		Protected bushland at Karawatha, Queensland.
Kinglake National Park		While much of the forest area was logged in the early part of the 20th century, many old growth trees remain.
Lake Mountain		Old growth mountain ash and snowgum forests, including habitat for the threatened Leadbeater's possum.
Lamington National Park		Part Gondwana Rainforests of Australia of the World Heritage site on the Queensland/New South Wales border. One of the largest upland subtropical rainforest remnants in the world and the most northern southern beech cool temperate rainforest in Australia.
Leard State Forest		The biggest remnant of natural bushland on the Liverpool Plains in north-west NSW and the most extensive and intact stand of the nationally listed critically endangered box-gum woodland remaining in Australia. It is habitat for 34 critically endangered species and several endangered ecological communities.
Limpinwood Nature Reserve		World Heritage listed wilderness region of 26 km2 situated in the Border ranges of north eastern New South Wales. Vegetation is primarily sub-tropical rain forest with some wet sclerophyll forest.
Mount Buffalo National Park		Over 550 native species occur; the most significant vegetation communities are the alpine and sub-alpine communities. The lower slopes have communities of mixed gum and peppermint, including the bogong gum, Eucalyptus chapmaniana. These grade into pure stands of alpine ash, Eucalyptus delegatensis around 1100 metres elevation, and subalpine woodland of snow gum, Eucalyptus pauciflora above 1300 metres. Numerous endemic plant species.
Mount Warning National Park		Included in the UNESCO World Heritage Listings in 1986. Extensive subtropical rainforest remnants.
Mount Read (Tasmania)		Despite extensive historic mining and human activity on its slopes, Mount Read has unique and significant stands of rare Huon pine forests on its slopes.
Pilliga forest		Australia's largest inland native forest. Covering over 450,000 hectares.
Sherbrooke Forest		Wet sclerophyll forest with the dominant tree species being the mountain ash, Eucalyptus regnans, the tallest flowering plant in the world. The forest has recovered well from logging that occurred from the mid-19th century until 1930. Sherbrooke Forest is famous for its population of superb lyrebirds.
Springbrook National Park		Part of the World Heritage site Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves. Rainforest and eucalypt forest.
Sydney Turpentine-Ironbark Forest		The main canopy trees are turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), grey ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata), narrow-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra) and red ironbark. Very few remnants of Sydney Turpentine-Ironbark Forest remain.
Tarkine		Extensive stands of eucalypt forest and cool temperate rainforest that includes ancient myrtle beech trees.
Tarra-Bulga National Park		Remnant cool temperate rainforest in the Stzelecki Ranges. The deeply incised river valleys of the park are dominated by wet sclerophyll tall open forest of mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans), with an understorey of blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon), hazel pomaderris (Pomaderris aspera) and tree ferns (Dicksonia antarctica and Cyathea australis). Pockets of the park feature cool temperate rainforest, including myrtle beech (Nothofagus cunninghamii).
Tuart Forest National Park		Contains rare old growth Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) forest.
Walpole-Nornalup National Park		Contains rare old growth giant Tingle eucalypt forest known as "The Valley of the Giants".
Wielangta forest		Part of remnant glacial refugia forest and contains blue gum eucalypt forest and pockets of cool temperate rainforest. The forest is a key habitat of rare and threatened species, including the Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle, swift parrot, broad-toothed stag beetle, spotted-tail quoll and eastern barred bandicoot. A rare orchid (Corunastylis nuda) has also been discovered in the forest.
Wollemi National Park		Contains the only known wild specimens of the Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis), a species thought to have become extinct approximately thirty million years ago, but discovered alive in three small stands in 1994.

Gallery

• 

  Child standing under 92 metre mountain ash tree in Tasmania's Styx Valley

• 

  Karri forest near Cascades at Pemberton, Western Australia

• 

  Hopetoun Falls, beech forest, near Great Otway National Park, Victoria.

• 

  Toolangi State Forest near the Little Red Toolangi Treehouse

• 

  Old growth forest, near Errinundra National Park.

• 

  Rainforest in Tasmania's Hellyer Gorge is considered a Gondwanan relic.

• 

  Brown Mountain old growth mountain ash

• 

  The buttressed roots of an Antarctic beech in Lamington National Park

• 

  Tasmania's "Big Tree" is one of the tallest remaining mountain ash.

See also

• Deforestation in Australia
• Fauna of Australia
• Flora of Australia
• National Reserve System
• Protected areas of Australia
• Woodchipping in Australia