Poplar Hill First Nation achieved full Band and reserve status in 1978 when it separated from the Pikangikum First Nation. The community maintains strong ties with Pikangikum and Little Grand Rapids in Manitoba.
The First Nation's governing council is elected through the Custom Electoral System, consisting of a Chief, Deputy Chief and three councillors. The current Chief is Patrick Owen, with Jacob acting as the Deputy Chief. The Councillors are Eli Moose, Garry Owen, Rita, and Pardemus.
As a signatory to Treaty 5, the First Nation is a member of the Keewaytinook Okimakanak Council, a Regional Chiefs Council and Nishnawbe Aski Nation, a Tribal Political Organization representing majority of the First Nation governments in northern Ontario.
Child and Family Services worker provided through Tikinagan Child and Family Services in Sioux Lookout
Health clinic with a Community Health Representative. The community also have access to Sioux Lookout Zone Hospital; hospital services also available in Red Lake.
Poplar Hill is policed by the Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service, an Aboriginal based service. In addition, Northern Air Patrol from Sioux Lookout and OPP Red Lake Detachment provide additional policing services.