Marginal sea
In oceanography, a marginal sea is a sea partially enclosed by islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas, adjacent to or widely open to the open ocean at the surface, and/or bounded by submarine ridges on the sea floor.[1][clarification needed]
Marginal seas of the world[edit]
Sources differ over which seas are considered marginal seas as well as which ocean a given sea is considered a marginal part of. There is no single ultimate authority on the matter.
Marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean:
- Barents Sea
- Beaufort Sea
- Chukchi Sea (separated by Wrangel Island)
- Kara Sea[2]
- Laptev Sea (separated by the Severnaya Zemlya and the New Siberian Islands)[3]
Marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean:
- Argentine Sea
- Caribbean Sea[4]
- English Channel
- Gulf of Mexico
- Hudson Bay[1]
- Irish Sea (separated by Ireland)[4]
- Labrador Sea
- Mediterranean Sea[4]
- North Sea (by Great Britain)[4]
- Norwegian Sea (by Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Shetland); and Greenland Sea[4]
- Scotia Sea (by the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands)
- Sometimes the Arctic Ocean itself is considered a marginal sea of the Atlantic.[4][5]
Marginal seas of the Indian Ocean:
- Andaman Sea (separated by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands).[6]
- Arabian Sea
- Bay of Bengal
- Java Sea (separated by the Greater Sunda Islands)
- Persian Gulf[4]
- Red Sea[4]
- Sea of Zanj (an historic entity off the southeast African coast and including the Mascarene islands)
Marginal seas of the Mediterranean Sea:
- Adriatic Sea
- Aegean Sea
- Alboran Sea
- Balearic Sea
- Black Sea[4]
- Sea of Crete
- Ionian Sea
- Ligurian Sea
- Myrtoan Sea
- Sea of Sardinia
- Sea of Sicily
- Thracian Sea
- Tyrrhenian Sea
Marginal sea of the Black Sea:
Marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean:
- Bering Sea (separated by the Aleutian Islands)
- Celebes Sea[4]
- Coral Sea (by the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu).[4]
- East China Sea (by the Ryukyu Islands)
- Philippine Sea (by the Ogasawara Islands, the Mariana Islands, and Palau)
- Sea of Chiloé (by Chiloé Island, Chile)
- Sea of Japan (also known as East Sea in Korea, by the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago)[4]
- Sea of Okhotsk (by the Kurile Islands and Kamchatka Peninsula)
- South China Sea (by the Philippines)[4]
- Sulu Sea[4]
- Tasman Sea (between Australia and New Zealand)
- Yellow Sea (by the Korean Peninsula)[1]
Marginal seas of the Southern Ocean:
The Caribbean Sea is sometimes defined as a marginal sea,[4] sometimes as a mediterranean sea.[1]
The Caspian Sea is also sometimes defined as a marginal sea, and also the Dead Sea and the Garabogazköl.
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (1994). Glossary of the mapping sciences. ASCE Publications. p. 469. ISBN 978-0-7844-0050-0. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
- ^ Kara Sea, Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Laptev Sea, Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o James C. F. Wang (1992). Handbook on ocean politics & law. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 14–. ISBN 9780313264344. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
- ^ Longhurt, Alan R. (2007). Ecological Geography of the Sea. Academic Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-12-455521-1. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
- ^ Andaman Sea, Encyclopædia Britannica
External links[edit]
The dictionary definition of marginal sea at Wiktionary
The dictionary definition of 
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