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Angelika Welte is a Senior Economist in the Economic Research and Analysis group of the Currency Department at the Bank of Canada. She joined the Bank of Canada in 2011. Her interests include applied econometrics, industrial organization and monetary policy. Angelika holds a Master’s degree in economics from Carleton University and a PhD in mathematics from University of Ottawa.
This study provides insight into the costs of cash, debit card and credit card payments made at the point of sale in Canada in 2014. For each payment method, it examines the total resource costs, which capture the overall use of resources by society as a whole.
The discrete choice to adopt a financial innovation affects a household’s exposure to inflation and transactions costs. We model this adoption decision as being subject to an unobserved cost.
Merchants who accept credit cards face payment processing fees. In most countries, the no-surcharge rule prohibits them from using surcharges to pass these fees on to customers.
The authors present the methodology and main findings of the Bank of Canada’s 2009 Methods-of-Payment survey, a detailed investigation of consumer payment behaviour in Canada. The survey targeted the 18- to 75-year-old Canadian resident population.