Office of Management and Budget

Office of Management and Budget

Agency overview
Formed	1970
Preceding agency	Bureau of the Budget
Headquarters	Eisenhower Executive Office Building
Employees	529
Annual budget	$92.8 million (FY 2011)
Agency executive	Shaun Donovan, Director
Parent agency	Executive Office of the President of the United States
Website	Office of Management and Budget

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP). The main function of OMB is to produce the President's Budget. OMB also measures the quality of agency programs, policies, and procedures and to see if they comply with the president's policies.

The current OMB Director is Shaun Donovan, who was nominated by the president following the nomination of Sylvia Mathews Burwell to become the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services. Donovan was confirmed by the Senate in a 75–22 vote.

History

The Bureau of the Budget, OMB's predecessor, was established in 1921 as a part of the Department of the Treasury by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which was signed into law by president Warren G. Harding. The Bureau of the Budget was moved to the Executive Office of the President in 1939, and reorganized into the Office of Management and Budget in 1970 during the Nixon administration. The first OMB included Roy Ash (head), Paul O'Neill (assistant director), Fred Malek (deputy director) and Frank Zarb (associate director) and two dozen others.

In the 1990s, OMB was reorganized to remove the distinction between management staff and budgetary staff by combining the dual roles into each given program examiner within the Resource Management Offices.

Purpose

The OMB's predominant purpose is to assist the president in overseeing the preparation of the federal budget and to supervise its administration in executive branch agencies. In helping to formulate the president's spending plans, the OMB evaluates the effectiveness of agency programs, policies, and procedures, assesses competing funding demands among agencies, and sets funding priorities. The OMB ensures that agency reports, rules, testimony, and proposed legislation are consistent with the president's budget and with administration policies.

In addition, the OMB oversees and coordinates the administration's procurement, financial management, information, and regulatory policies. In each of these areas, the OMB's role is to help improve administrative management, to develop better performance measures and coordinating mechanisms, and to reduce any unnecessary burdens on the public.

The OMB's critical missions are:

1. Budget development and execution is a prominent government-wide process managed from the Executive Office of the President (EOP) and a device by which a president implements his policies, priorities, and actions in everything from the Department of Defense to NASA.
2. The OMB manages other agencies' financials, paperwork, and IT.

Structure

Overview

The Office contains a significant number of career appointed staff; OMB staff provide important continuity regardless of which party occupies the White House. Six positions within OMB – the Director, the Deputy Director, the Deputy Director for Management, and the administrators of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, and the Office of Federal Financial Management are presidentially appointed and Senate-confirmed positions.

The largest component of the Office of Management and Budget are the four Resource Management Offices which are organized along functional lines mirroring the U.S. federal government, each led by an OMB associate director. Approximately half of all OMB staff are assigned to these offices, the majority of whom are designated as program examiners. Program examiners can be assigned to monitor one or more federal agencies or may be deployed by a topical area, such as monitoring issues relating to U.S. Navy warships. These staff have dual responsibility for both management and budgetary issues, as well as responsibility for giving expert advice on all aspects relating to their programs. Each year they review federal agency budget requests and help decide what resource requests will be sent to Congress as part of the president's budget. They perform in-depth program evaluations using the Program Assessment Rating Tool, review proposed regulations, agency testimony, analyze pending legislation, and oversee the aspects of the president's management agenda including agency management scorecards. They are often called upon to provide analysis information to any EOP staff member. They also provide important information to those assigned to the statutory offices within OMB, which are Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, the Office of Federal Financial Management, and the Office of E-Government & Information Technology whose job it is to specialize in issues such as federal regulations or procurement policy and law.

Other offices are OMB-wide support offices which include the Office of General Counsel, the Office of Legislative Affairs, the Budget Review Division (BRD), and the Legislative Reference Division. The BRD performs government-wide budget coordination and is largely responsible for the technical aspects relating to the release of the president's budget each February. With respect to the estimation of spending for the executive branch, the BRD serves a purpose parallel to that of the Congressional Budget Office for the estimation of spending for Congress, the Department of the Treasury for the estimation of revenues for the executive branch, and the Joint Committee on Taxation for the estimation of revenues for Congress.

The Legislative Reference Division has the important role of being the central clearing house across the federal government for proposed legislation or testimony by federal officials. It distributes proposed legislation and testimony to all relevant federal reviewers and distils the comments into a consensus opinion of the Administration about the proposal. They are also responsible for writing an Enrolled Bill Memorandum to the president once a bill is presented by both bodies of Congress for the president's signature. The Enrolled Bill Memorandum details the particulars of the bill, opinions on the bill from relevant federal departments, and an overall opinion about whether the bill should be signed into law or vetoed. They also issue Statements of Administration Policy that let Congress know the White House's official position on proposed legislation.

Organization

• Director, OMB
  • Deputy Director, OMB
    • Legal Affairs Division
    • Legislative Affairs Division
    • Strategic Planning and Communications Division
    • Management and Operations Division
    • Economic Policy Division
    • Legislative Reference Division
    • Budget Review Division
    • Resource Management Offices
      • Natural Resources Programs
      • Education, Income Maintenance and Labor Programs
      • Health Programs
      • General Government Programs
      • National Security Programs
  • Deputy Director for Management and Chief Performance Officer
    • Office of Federal Financial Management
    • Office of Federal Procurement Policy
    • Office of E-Government and Information Technology
    • Office of Performance and Personnel Management
    • Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

Key staff

• Director of the Office of Management and Budget: Shaun Donovan
  • Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget: [[]]
  • Deputy Director for Management (Chief Performance Officer): []
    • General Counsel: []
    • Controller of the Office of Federal Financial Management: David Mader
    • Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy: Anne Rung
    • Administrator of the Office of E-Government & Information Technology (Chief Information Officer): Tony Scott
    • Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs: Howard Shelanski

List of directors

#	Name	Dates served	President	Notes
1	Dawes, Charles G.Charles G. Dawes	June 23, 1921 – June 30, 1922	Warren G. Harding	Dawes would later become Vice President of the United States under Calvin Coolidge and the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom under Herbert Hoover
2	Lord, Herbert M.Herbert M. Lord	July 1, 1922 – May 31, 1929	Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover
3	Roop, J. ClawsonJ. Clawson Roop	August 15, 1929 – March 3, 1933	Herbert Hoover
4	Douglas, Lewis W.Lewis W. Douglas	March 7, 1933 – August 31, 1934	Franklin D. Roosevelt
5	Bell, Daniel W.Daniel W. Bell	September 1, 1934 – April 14, 1939	Franklin D. Roosevelt
6	Smith, Harold D.Harold D. Smith	April 15, 1939 – June 19, 1946	Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman
7	Webb, James E.James E. Webb	July 13, 1946 – January 27, 1949	Harry S. Truman	Webb later became the second administrator of NASA under presidents Kennedy and Johnson
8	Pace, Jr., FrankFrank Pace, Jr.	February 1, 1949 – April 12, 1950	Harry S. Truman
9	Lawton, Frederick J.Frederick J. Lawton	April 13, 1950 – January 21, 1953	Harry S. Truman
10	Dodge, Joseph M.Joseph M. Dodge	January 22, 1953 – April 15, 1954	Dwight D. Eisenhower
11	Hughes, Rowland R.Rowland R. Hughes	April 16, 1954 – April 1, 1956	Dwight D. Eisenhower
12	Brundage, Percival F.Percival F. Brundage	April 2, 1956 – March 17, 1958	Dwight D. Eisenhower
13	Stans, Maurice H.Maurice H. Stans	March 18, 1958 – January 21, 1961	Dwight D. Eisenhower
14	Bell, David E.David E. Bell	January 22, 1961 – December 20, 1962	John F. Kennedy
15	Gordon, KermitKermit Gordon	December 28, 1962 – June 1, 1965	John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson
16	Schultze, Charles L.Charles L. Schultze	June 1, 1965 – January 28, 1968	Lyndon B. Johnson	Schultze later served as Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under president Jimmy Carter.
17	Zwick, Charles J.Charles J. Zwick	January 29, 1968 – January 21, 1969	Lyndon B. Johnson
18	Mayo, Robert P.Robert P. Mayo	January 22, 1969 – June 30, 1970	Richard Nixon
19	Shultz, George P.George P. Shultz	July 1, 1970 – June 11, 1972	Richard Nixon	Shultz had previously served president Nixon as Secretary of Labor and would later serve under him as Secretary of the Treasury and under Ronald Reagan as Secretary of State.
20	Weinberger, Caspar W.Caspar W. Weinberger	June 12, 1972 – February 1, 1973	Richard Nixon	Weinberger later served as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under presidents Nixon and Ford, and as Secretary of Defense under president Reagan
21	Ash, Roy L.Roy L. Ash	February 2, 1973 – February 3, 1975	Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford
22	Lynn, James T.James T. Lynn	February 10, 1975 – January 20, 1977	Gerald Ford	Lynn left to head Aetna Insurance
23	Lance, BertBert Lance	January 21, 1977 – September 23, 1977	Jimmy Carter	Lance resigned amid a corruption scandal
24	McIntyre, James T.James T. McIntyre	September 24, 1977 – January 20, 1981	Jimmy Carter
25	Stockman, David A.David A. Stockman	January 21, 1981 – August 1, 1985	Ronald Reagan
26	Miller III, James C.James C. Miller III	October 8, 1985 – October 15, 1988	Ronald Reagan
27	Wright, Jr., Joseph R.Joseph R. Wright, Jr.	October 16, 1988 – January 20, 1989	Ronald Reagan
28	Darman, Richard G.Richard G. Darman	January 25, 1989 – January 20, 1993	George H. W. Bush
29	Panetta, Leon E.Leon E. Panetta	January 21, 1993 – October 1994	Bill Clinton	Panetta became president Clinton's Chief of Staff and served under president Obama as the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and later as Secretary of Defense
30	Rivlin, Alice M.Alice M. Rivlin	October 17, 1994 – April 26, 1996	Bill Clinton	Rivlin became a governor of the Federal Reserve after leaving OMB
31	Raines, Franklin D.Franklin D. Raines	September 13, 1996 – May 21, 1998	Bill Clinton	Raines became CEO of Fannie Mae
32	Lew, Jacob J.Jacob J. Lew	May 21, 1998 – January 19, 2001	Bill Clinton	Jacob Lew served as deputy director of OMB from 1995 to 1998 and would serve as director again under Obama from 2010 to 2012
33	Daniels, MitchMitch Daniels	January 23, 2001 – June 6, 2003	George W. Bush	Daniels left and successfully ran for governor of Indiana
34	Bolten, Joshua B.Joshua B. Bolten	June 26, 2003 – April 15, 2006	George W. Bush	Bolten became president Bush's Chief of Staff
35	Portman, RobRob Portman	May 26, 2006 – June 19, 2007	George W. Bush	Portman had previously served president Bush as United States Trade Representative and was elected to the U.S. Senate from Ohio in 2010.
36	Nussle, JimJim Nussle	September 4, 2007 – January 20, 2009	George W. Bush
37	Orszag, Peter R.Peter R. Orszag	January 20, 2009 – July 30, 2010	Barack Obama	Orszag became Vice Chairman of Corporate and Investment Banking and Chairman of the Financial Strategy and Solutions Group at Citigroup
37	Zients, JeffreyJeffrey Zients	July 30, 2010 – November 18, 2010	Barack Obama	Acting Director during remainder of Orszag's term
38	Lew, Jacob J.Jacob J. Lew	November 18, 2010 – January 27, 2012	Barack Obama	Previously served under Clinton from 1998 to 2001. Resigned to become Chief of Staff, and later Secretary of the Treasury
39	Zients, JeffreyJeffrey Zients	January 27, 2012 – April 24, 2013	Barack Obama	Acting Director during remainder of Lew's term
40	Burwell, Sylvia MathewsSylvia Mathews Burwell	April 24, 2013 – June 9, 2014	Barack Obama	Former deputy director of OMB under president Clinton. Resigned to become the Secretary of Health and Human Services
41	Deese, BrianBrian Deese	June 9, 2014 – July 28, 2014	Barack Obama	Acting Director after Burwell resigned.
42	Donovan, ShaunShaun Donovan	July 28, 2014 – present	Barack Obama

Source:

See also

• United States Census Bureau
  • List of U.S. states and territories by population
  • List of metropolitan areas of the United States
  • List of United States cities by population
  • List of United States counties and county-equivalents
  • Primary statistical area – List of the 574 PSAs
  • Combined Statistical Area – List of the 169 CSAs
  • Core Based Statistical Area – List of the 929 CBSAs
  • Metropolitan Statistical Area – List of the 388 MSAs
  • Micropolitan Statistical Area – List of the 541 μSAs
  • United States urban area – List of United States urban areas
• Title 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations
• Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations
• United States federal budget
• Office of Federal Financial Management
• Office of Federal Procurement Policy
• Office of E-Government & Information Technology
• Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

External links

• United States Office of Management and Budget website
• Office of Management and Budget in the Federal Register
• Budget of the United States government and supplements, 1923–present
• Death and Taxes: 2009 A visual guide and infographic of the 2009 United States federal discretionary budget request as prepared by the OMB
• "The Decision Makers: Office of Management and Budget" GovExec.com, August 22, 2005
• OMB regulatory officials (by administration)
• History OMB regulatory review program