2020 Summer Paralympics

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XVI Paralympic Games
2020 Summer Paralympics logo new.svg
Host cityTokyo, Japan
MottoUnited by Emotion[a]
Athletes4,400 (expected)
Events540 in 22 sports
Opening24 August 2021
Closing5 September 2021
Opened by
Emperor Naruhito (expected)
StadiumJapan National Stadium
Summer
Winter
Paralympic agitos
Part of a series on
2020 Summer Paralympics

The 2020 Summer Paralympics (Japanese: 2020年夏季パラリンピック会, Hepburn: 2020-Nen Kaki Pararinpikku) branded as Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games are an upcoming major international multi-sport parasports event governed by the International Paralympic Committee. Scheduled as the 16th Summer Paralympic Games, they are scheduled to be held in Tokyo, Japan between 24 August and 5 September 2021.[2]

Originally scheduled to take place between 25 August and 6 September 2020, both the Olympics and Paralympics were postponed to 2021 in March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and will be held largely behind closed doors with no public spectators permitted due to a state of emergency in the Tokyo region. The events are still being branded as Tokyo 2020 for marketing purposes.[3] They will mark the second Summer Paralympics to be hosted by Tokyo since the 1964 Games, and the third Paralympics held in Japan overall since the 1998 Winter Paralympics.

These Games will see the introduction of badminton and taekwondo to the Paralympic programme, replacing sailing and 7-a-side football.

Bids[edit]

Main article: Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics

As part of a agreement between the International Paralympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee first established in 2001, the winner of the bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics must also host the 2020 Summer Paralympics.[4] After the second round of voting, which followed a tie-breaker, the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were awarded to Tokyo at the 125th IOC Session.

2020 Summer Olympics host city election[5]
City Team Round 1 Runoff Round 2
Tokyo  Japan 42 — 60
Istanbul  Turkey 26 49 36
Madrid  Spain 26 45 —

Preparations[edit]

Transport[edit]

Ahead of the 2016 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony, Governor of Tokyo Yuriko Koike advocated for the city to improve its accessibility as a legacy project for the Games. She cited narrow roadways with no sidewalks, and buildings constructed with narrow doorways and low ceilings, as challenges that needed to be overcome. In particular, she called for a transition to underground power lines to facilitate the widening of roads.[6][7][8]

Volunteers[edit]

In September 2018 applications to be volunteers as the Olympic and Paralympic Games were released. By January 2019 186,101 application had been received. Interviews to whittle the numbers down began in February 2019 and training taking place in October 2019.[9] The volunteers at the venues will be known as "Field Cast" and the volunteers in the city will be known as "City Cast." These names were chosen from a shortlist of four out of an original 149 pairs of names. The other shortlisted names were "Shining Blue and Shining Blue Tokyo", "Games Anchor and City Anchor" and "Games Force and City Force." The names were chosen by the people who had applied to be volunteers at the games.[10]

Medals[edit]

Main article: 2020 Summer Olympics § Medals

The designs of the medals for the 2020 Summer Paralympics were unveiled on 25 August 2019;[11] as with the Olympic medals, they are constructed using recycled metals that were obtained through an electronics recycling programme.[12] The medals feature a design inspired by traditional folding hand fans to symbolise the shared experience of the Paralympics; alternating sectors containing textured areas visually and tactually depict rocks, flowers, wood, leaves, and water to symbolise the geology of Japan. The pivot where the fan meets is stated to symbolise the unity of Paralympic athletes. The obverse of the medal contains an untextured version of the fan pattern, the Paralympic emblem, and inscriptions in braille. To aid those with visual impairments, the edges and ribbons of the medals contain one, two, or three circular indentations and silicone convex dots for gold, silver, and bronze medals respectively so that they can be easily identified by touch.[13][14]

Biosecurity protocols[edit]

Main article: 2020 Summer Olympics § Biosecurity protocols

The 2020 Summer Olympics were largely held behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and a state of emergency in Tokyo issued by Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, though events in some regions could be held with up to 10,000 spectators or 50% capacity (whichever is smaller). The declaration was originally in effect from 12 July through 22 August (two days before the Paralympic opening ceremony); on 2 August, citing worsening rates of infection, Suga announced that the existing state of emergency would be extended through through 31 August, and expanded to several other prefectures (including three that neighbour Tokyo).[15]

New daily cases in Tokyo reached over 4,000 by 11 August; it was anticipated that no public spectators would be admitted at venues in Tokyo and other affected regions, as with the Olympics. Organizers discussed other options for some form of spectator presence, such as inviting local school students to attend events (a programme which was also employed during the Olympics, but largely scaled back due to the pandemic).[16][17][18] It was later confirmed that there will be no spectators at venues in Tokyo, Chiba, and Saitama prefectures.[19]

Torch[edit]

Aluminium taken from temporary housing in Fukushima will be used to make the torches for the Olympic and Paralympic flames. More than 10,000 pieces of aluminium will be used and organisers contacted local authorities to see which houses were no longer being used.[20] In December 2018, organisers announced that the slogan of the relay would be "Share Your Light".

Torch relay[edit]

Main article: 2020 Summer Paralympics torch relay

The details of the torch relay route were announced on 21 November 2019, there will be a Heritage Flame Celebration that will be held in Stoke Mandeville and flame lighting festivals will take place in 43 of Japan's 47 prefectures between 13 and 17 August 2020. Torch relays will be scheduled from 18 to 21 August throughout four prefectures that will co-host Paralympic events during the run up to the Paralympic Opening Ceremony. The flames from each of the flame lighting festivals hosted in each prefecture will be brought together in Tokyo on 21 August where the Paralympic Flame will be officially lit, the last four days of the torch relay will start in Tokyo. The locations in which the torch relay goes through will be similar to the 2020 Summer Olympics torch relay.[21][22][23][24]

The Games[edit]

Sports[edit]

540 events in 22 sports will be held during the 2020 Summer Paralympics. Cycling events will be split into road and track disciplines. Team events of goalball, sitting volleyball, and wheelchair basketball continue as men's and women's events, wheelchair rugby continues to be a mixed event, while 5-a-side-football will only be open to male competitors.[25] New events and classifications have also been added or realigned in other sports.[26][27]

New sports[edit]

In January 2014, the IPC began accepting bids for new sports to be added to the Paralympic programme; they included amputee football, badminton, power hockey, powerchair football, and taekwondo. New disciplines were also proposed in existing events, including visually impaired match racing and one-person multi-hull in sailing, and 3x3 basketball in intellectually disabled (ID) and wheelchair classifications.[28][29]

On 31 January 2015, the IPC officially announced that badminton and taekwondo had been added to the Paralympic programme for 2020, which will replace 7-a-side football and sailing (both dropped due to an insufficient international reach).[25]

Test events[edit]

There will be test events before the Olympic and Paralympic Games;[30][31] these will be contested from June 2019 to June 2020 before the start of the 2020 Summer Olympics. The selected Paralympic sports will be athletics (2–3 May 2020), goalball (28–29 September 2019), paratriathlon (15–18 August 2019), powerlifting (26–27 September 2019), swimming (16 April 2020) and wheelchair rugby (12–15 March 2020). It was announced in February 2019 that test events would be under the banner "Ready, Steady, Tokyo". 22 of the 56 events would be organised by the Tokyo organising committee and the rest by national and international organisations. World Sailing's World Cup Series held at Enoshima was the first test event, with the last one set to be the Tokyo Challenge Track Meet in May 2020.[32]

Calendar[edit]

The preliminary schedule was announced on 19 October 2018.[33] The finalized schedule was released on 13 August 2019.[34][35]

The original schedule was from 25 August to 10 September 2020. To postpone the Paralympics until 2021, all events were delayed by 364 days (one day less than a full year to preserve the same days of the week), giving a new schedule of 24 August to 9 September 2021.[36]

All times and dates use Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)
OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Gold medal events CC Closing ceremony
August/September 2021 24
Tue 		25
Wed 		26
Thu 		27
Fri 		28
Sat 		29
Sun 		30
Mon 		31
Tue 		1
Wed 		2
Thu 		3
Fri 		4
Sat 		5
Sun 		Events
IPC logo black (2004).svg Ceremonies OC CC N/A
Archery pictogram (Paralympics).svg Archery ● 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 9
Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg Athletics 13 16 19 17 21 17 18 18 24 5 168
Wheelchair badminton pictogram (Paralympics).svg Badminton ● ● ● 7 7 14
Boccia pictogram (Paralympics).svg Boccia ● ● ● ● 4 ● ● 3 7
Cycling Cycling (road) pictogram (Paralympics).svg Road 19 6 5 4 51
Cycling (track) pictogram (Paralympics).svg Track 4 5 5 3
Equestrian Dressage pictogram (Paralympics).svg Equestrian (dressage) 3 2 ● 1 5 11
Football 5-a-side pictogram (Paralympics).svg Football 5-a-side ● ● ● ● 1 1
Goalball pictogram (Paralympics).svg Goalball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2
Judo pictogram (Paralympics).svg Judo 4 4 5 13
Paracanoe pictogram (Paralympics).svg Paracanoe ● 4 5 9
Triathlon pictogram (Paralympics).svg Paratriathlon 4 4 8
Powerlifting pictogram (Paralympics).svg Powerlifting 4 4 4 4 4 20
Rowing pictogram (Paralympics).svg Rowing ● ● 4 4
Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg Shooting 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 13
Sitting volleyball pictogram (Paralympics).svg Sitting volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Swimming pictogram (Paralympics).svg Swimming 16 14 14 14 13 15 14 15 15 16 146
Table tennis pictogram (Paralympics).svg Table tennis ● ● ● 5 8 8 ● ● 5 5 31
Taekwondo pictogram (Paralympics).svg Taekwondo 2 2 2 6
Wheelchair basketball pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair basketball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Wheelchair fencing pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair fencing 4 4 2 4 2 16
Wheelchair rugby pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair rugby ● ● ● ● 1 1
Wheelchair tennis pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair tennis ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 2 6
Daily medal events 24 30 44 55 62 54 58 45 48 56 49 15 540
Cumulative total 24 54 98 153 215 269 327 372 420 476 525 540
August/September 2021 24
Tue 		25
Wed 		26
Thu 		27
Fri 		28
Sat 		29
Sun 		30
Mon 		31
Tue 		1
Wed 		2
Thu 		3
Fri 		4
Sat 		5
Sun 		Total events


Venues[edit]

The venues for the Paralympic games as detailed on the Tokyo 2020 official website:[37]

Tokyo Bay, where a number of events will be held
Nippon Budokan, host of the Judo event
The International Broadcast and Main Press Centre

Heritage Zone[edit]

Tokyo Bay Zone[edit]

Venues outside 10 km area[edit]

Non-competition venues[edit]

Participating nations[edit]

On 9 December 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for a period of four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with lab data that it provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency being reinstated. As a result of the ban, WADA will allow individually cleared Russian athletes to take part in the 2020 Summer Paralympics under a neutral banner, as instigated at the 2018 Winter Paralympics, but they will not be permitted to compete in team sports. On 26 April 2021 it was confirmed Russian athletes would represent the Russian Paralympic Committee, with the acronym 'RPC'.[39]

On 16 August 2021, the Afghanistan team withdrew from the Tokyo Paralympics due to the current violence and instability in the country.[40]

As of 17 August 2021, the following 136 NPCs have qualified. Bhutan and Guyana will make their debut appearances at the Paralympic Games while the Solomon Islands will make their second appearance after missing out of the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

Participating National Paralympic Committees

Number of athletes by National Paralympic Committee[edit]

3686 athletes from 135 NPCs: Ranking listed by number of athletes. As of 16 August 2021

Marketing[edit]

[edit]

The emblems of the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 25 April 2016. The Paralympic emblem features a hand fan in a circle form, filled with an indigo-colored checkerboard pattern. The design is meant to "express a refined elegance and sophistication that exemplifies Japan".[41] The designs replaced a previous emblem which had been scrapped due to allegations that it plagiarized the logo of the Théâtre de Liège in Belgium.[42][43]

Mascot[edit]

Miraitowa (left), the Olympic mascot, and Someity (right), the Paralympic mascot
Main article: Miraitowa and Someity

The shortlist of mascots for the Tokyo Games was unveiled on 7 December 2017 and the winning entry was announced on 28 February 2018. Candidate pair A, created by Ryo Taniguchi, received the most votes (109,041) and was declared the winner, defeating Kana Yano's pair B (61,423 votes) and Sanae Akimoto's pair C (35,291 votes). Someity is a figure with pink chequered patterns inspired by the Games' official logo, as well as cherry blossom flowers. It has a calm but powerful ability, it is nature loving, and it speaks to the wind. Both Miraitowa and Someity were named by the Organising Committee by 22 July 2018.[44]

Animated shorts[edit]

Main article: Animation x Paralympic

Japanese public broadcaster NHK produced a series of short films called Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero? Each short features a different Paralympic sport, and is designed and produced in collaboration with well-known creators of anime and manga, sometimes featuring crossovers with popular series or with real-life athletes.[citation needed]

Broadcasting[edit]

In addition to event coverage on NBCSN and Olympic Channel, NBCUniversal announced that it will carry three primetime coverage windows for the Paralympics on the free-to-air NBC network for the first time, which will "showcase the incredible back stories of the athletes and teams competing in Tokyo".[45]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Only an English motto is used during the Games. There is no Japanese equivalent of the motto adopted.[1]
  2. ^ Neutral athletes from Russia, competing under the flag of the Russian Paralympic Committee

References[edit]

  1. ^ "'United by Emotion' to be the Tokyo 2020 Games Motto". Tokyo2020.org. Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
  2. ^ "Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics: New dates confirmed for 2021". BBC Sport. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  3. ^ "Joint Statement from the International Olympic Committee and the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee". olympic.org. 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  4. ^ Hope, Nick (21 May 2012). "Paralympics 2012: London to host 'first truly global Games'". BBC Sport. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  5. ^ Wilson, Stephen (8 September 2013). "Results of the IOC vote to host the 2020 Summer Olympics". Austin American-Statesman. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  6. ^ Walsh, Scott (17 September 2016). "2016 Rio Paralympics: 2020 host Tokyo to undergo major overhauls to provide better disability access". adelaidenow.com.au. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2016.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  7. ^ Nagatsuka, Kaz (12 August 2016). "Marukawa says Tokyo must solve traffic issue before 2020 Games". The Japan Times. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  8. ^ Wade, Stephen (18 September 2016). "Paralympics could help remake Tokyo's narrow roads, doorways". Japan Today. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  9. ^ "Tokyo 2020: 180,000 apply to be volunteers". paralympic.org. 9 January 2019.
  10. ^ "Volunteer names unveiled for Tokyo 2020". olympic.org. 30 January 2019.
  11. ^ "Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Medals - Photos & Medal Design". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  12. ^ Hitti, Natashah (25 July 2019). "Olympic committee unveils 2020 medals made from recycled smartphones". Dezeen. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  13. ^ "Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Medals". paralympic.org. IPC. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  14. ^ "Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games medal design". Tokyo 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  15. ^ NEWS, KYODO. "Japan expands COVID state of emergency to Osaka, 3 areas near Tokyo". Kyodo News+. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  16. ^ "Tokyo Paralympics likely to be held with no spectators". The Japan Times. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  17. ^ "Paralympic organizers mull banning spectators". NHK World. 13 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  18. ^ "Tokyo govt plans shuttle buses to take schoolchildren to Paralympics events". The Japan News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  19. ^ "Paralympics to be held without spectators". BBC Sport. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  20. ^ Gillen, Nancy (4 January 2019). "Recycled aluminium from temporary housing in Fukushima to be used for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Torches". insidethegames.biz.
  21. ^ "Tokyo 2020: Torch Relay concept revealed". paralympic.org. 21 December 2018.
  22. ^ "Tokyo 2020 Unveils Paralympic Torch Relay Concept : "Share Your Light"". Tokyo 2020. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019.
  23. ^ "Route of the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Torch Relay". Tokyo 2020. 22 November 2019.
  24. ^ "Tokyo 2020 Unveils Paralympic Torch Relay Details". Tokyo 2020. 22 November 2019. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019.
  25. ^ a b "IPC announces final Tokyo 2020 Paralympic sports program". paralympic.org. 31 January 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  26. ^ Diamond, James (26 June 2018). "New medal event added to road cycling schedule for Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games". insidethegames.biz. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
  27. ^ Etchells, Daniel (4 September 2017). "Paralympic medal programme for Tokyo 2020 announced with athletics and swimming events reduced". insidethegames.biz. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
  28. ^ "Sports apply for 2020 Tokyo Paralympic inclusion". BBC Sport. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  29. ^ Butler, Nick (22 January 2014). "Six sports and three disciplines confirmed as bidding for Tokyo 2020 Paralympics inclusion". insidethegames.biz. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  30. ^ "Tokyo 2020 Test Events". Tokyo 2020. 3 January 2019.
  31. ^ "Tokyo 2020: Test event schedule announced". paralympic.org. 2 October 2018.
  32. ^ "Tokyo 2020 Unveils Its Olympic Test Event Schedule". olympic.org. 30 January 2019.
  33. ^ "Tokyo 2020 Unveils Paralympic Competition Schedule". tokyo2020.org. 19 October 2018. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  34. ^ "Paralympic Competition Schedule". tokyo2020.org. 13 August 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  35. ^ "Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games schedule announced". tokyo2020.org. 13 August 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  36. ^ Ingle, Sean (30 March 2020). "Tokyo Olympics to start in July 2021 after coronavirus rescheduling". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  37. ^ "Paralympic venues". Tokyo 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  38. ^ Badminton originally to be held at Youth Plaza Arena; venue moved in June 2015. "東京五輪、26競技の会場決定 自転車・サッカー除き". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  39. ^ "IPC confirm details regarding RPC's Paralympic Games participation". International Paralympic Committee. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  40. ^ "Afghan turmoil leaves Paralympic athletes unable to compete | More sports News - Times of India". The Times of India. AFP. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  41. ^ McKirdy, Andrew (25 April 2016). "Checkered pattern by artist Tokolo chosen as logo for 2020 Tokyo Olympics". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016.
  42. ^ "Tokyo Olympic Games logo embroiled in plagiarism row". The Guardian. 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  43. ^ "Tokyo Olympics emblem said to look similar to Belgian theater logo". The Japan Times. 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  44. ^ "10th Meeting of the Mascot Selection Panel". Tokyo 2020 (Press release). 30 May 2018. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  45. ^ "NBC will present a record 1,200 hours of Paralympics coverage". Awful Announcing. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.

External links[edit]

Preceded by
Rio de Janeiro 		Summer Paralympics
Tokyo
XVI Paralympic Summer Games (2020) 		Succeeded by
Paris
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