National conservatism
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National conservatism is a variant of conservatism common in Europe and Asia that concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity.[1]
It shares characteristics with traditionalist conservatism and social conservatism given how the three variations focus on preservation and tradition. As national conservatism seeks to preserve national interests, traditional conservatism emphasizes ancestral institutions and social conservatism.[2][3][4] National-conservative parties often have roots in environments with a rural, traditionalist or peripheral basis, contrasting with the more urban support base of liberal-conservative parties.[5] In Europe, most embrace some form of Euroscepticism.[6][7]
A majority of conservative parties in post-communist Central and Southeastern Europe since 1989 have been national conservative.[8]
Contents
Ideology[edit]
Social policies[edit]
National conservative parties are "socially traditional",[9] and support the traditional family and social stability.[10] According to the Austrian political scientist Sieglinde Rosenberger, "national conservatism praises the family as a home and a center of identity, solidarity, and emotion".[10] Many national conservatives are thus social conservatives, as well as in favor of limiting immigration and enacting law-and-order policies.[9]
Economic policies[edit]
National conservative parties in different countries do not necessarily share a common position on economic policy: Their views may range from support of a planned economy to a centrist mixed economy to a laissez-faire approach.[1] In the first, more common, case, national conservatives can be distinguished from liberal conservatives,[11] for whom free market economic policies, deregulation, and tight spending are the main priorities. Some commentators have indeed identified a growing gap between national and economic liberal conservatism: "Most parties of the Right [today] are run by economically liberal conservatives who, in varying degrees, have marginalized social, cultural, and national conservatives."[11]
List of national conservative political parties[edit]
Current national conservative parties or parties with national conservative factions[edit]
The following political parties have been characterised as national conservative, at least as one of their ideological influences.
- Albania: Democratic Party of Albania,[8] Republican Party of Albania[12]
- Australia: Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party
- Austria: Freedom Party of Austria,[13] Alliance for the Future of Austria[14]
- Belgium: Vlaams Belang[15]
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: Party of Democratic Progress[8]
- Brazil: Brazilian Labour Renewal Party, Patriota, Social Liberal Party
- Bulgaria: IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement,[16] National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria, Union of Democratic Forces,[8] Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria,[8] Democratic Party[8]
- Chile: Independent Democratic Union[17]
- Colombia: Democratic Center
- Croatia: Croatian Democratic Union[8][18]
- Cyprus: Solidarity Movement[19]
- Czech Republic: Civic Democratic Party,[20][21] Tricolour Citizens' Movement, Realists[22]
- Denmark: Danish People's Party,[23] The New Right[24]
- Estonia: Pro Patria,[8] Conservative People's Party of Estonia[25]
- Finland: Finns Party[26][27]
- France: National Rally,[28] France Arise,[29] Movement for France
- Germany: Alternative for Germany[30]
- Greece: Independent Greeks,[31] Greek Solution
- Hungary: Fidesz,[8][32][33] Christian Democratic People's Party,[34] Independent Smallholders Party[34]
- India: Bharatiya Janata Party[35]
- Ireland: Fianna Fáil[36]
- Israel: Likud,[37][38] Yemina
- Italy: Brothers of Italy,[39] Citizens' Union for South Tyrol,[40] South Tyrolean Freedom[40][41]
- Japan: Liberal Democratic Party[42]
- Latvia: National Alliance[43]
- Lithuania: Homeland Union,[8] Order and Justice[44]
- Luxembourg: Alternative Democratic Reform Party[45]
- Macedonia: VMRO-DPMNE[8]
- Montenegro: New Serb Democracy[46]
- Netherlands: Forum for Democracy[47]
- Norway: Progress Party[48]
- Paraguay: Colorado Party
- Poland: Law and Justice[8][49]
- Portugal: CDS – People's Party[50]
- Russia: United Russia[51]
- Serbia: Serbian Progressive Party,[52] Democratic Party of Serbia[8][52]
- Slovakia: We Are Family,[53] Slovak National Party[9]
- Slovenia: Slovenian Democratic Party[8]
- South Africa: Freedom Front Plus
- Spain: VOX[54]
- Sweden: Sweden Democrats[55]
- Switzerland: Swiss People's Party,[56] Federal Democratic Union[57]
- Turkey: Justice and Development Party,[58] Nationalist Movement Party,[59] İyi Party[60][61][62][63][64][65]
- United Kingdom: Democratic Unionist Party,[66] Traditional Unionist Voice,[67] UKIP
Former national conservative parties, or parties with national conservative factions[edit]
- Canada: Union Nationale[68]
- Czech Republic: National Party, National Unity
- France: Rally for the Republic[36]
- Germany: German National People's Party[69]
- Hungary: Hungarian Democratic Forum[33][34]
- Italy: National Alliance,[70][71] The Right[72]
- Romania: Conservative Party[8]
- San Marino: Sammarinese People, Sammarinese National Alliance
- Slovakia: People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia
See also[edit]
- Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe
- European Alliance for Freedom
- Europe of Nations and Freedom
- Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom
- Nationalism
- New nationalism (21st century)
- Paleoconservatism
- Radical right (Europe)
- Right-wing populism
- Souverainism
- Opposition to immigration
References[edit]
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Books[edit]
Mandal, U.C. (2007). Dictionary Of Public Administration. Sarup & Sons. ISBN 978-8-1762-5784-8.