Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories

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This is a list of the Legislative Assemblies of Canada's provinces and territories. Each province's legislative assembly, along with the province's Lieutenant Governor, form the province's legislature (which is called a parliament or general assembly in some provinces). Historically, several provinces had bicameral legislatures, but they all eventually dissolved their upper house or merged it with their lower house.

Current legislative assemblies[edit]

Legislature Name Year City Building Seats Seating plan
Legislative Assembly of Alberta 1905 Edmonton Alberta-Provincial-Legislature-Building-Edmonton-Alberta-Canada-01.jpg 87 Alberta Legislative Assembly - Seating Plan (July 25, 2017 - Present).svg
Legislative Assembly of British Columbia 1871 Victoria British Columbia Parliament Buildings illuminated at dusk 87 British Columbia 41st Legislature Seating Plan.svg
Legislative Assembly of Manitoba 1876 Winnipeg Parliamentwinnipeg manitoba 57 Legislative Assembly of Manitoba - Party Layout Chart Jan 2017.svg
Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick 1891 Fredericton New Brunswick Legislative Assembly 2011 49 Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick - Party Layout Chart Nov. 2016.svg
Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly 1949 St. John's Confederation Building (front), St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada 40 Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly 2019.svg
Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories 1975 Yellowknife Northwest Territories Legislative Building.jpg 19 NorthWest Territories Legislature Plan 2014 19 Members.svg
Nova Scotia House of Assembly 1928 Halifax Province House (Nova Scotia).jpg 51 Nova Scotia Legislature Layout 2017.svg
Legislative Assembly of Nunavut 1999 Iqaluit Leg Building Iqaluit 2000-08-27.jpg 22 Nunavut Legislative Assembly 22 Members Plan.svg
Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1867 Toronto Ontario Legislative Building, Toronto, South view 20170417 1.jpg 107 Legislative Assembly of Ontario -Party Layout Chart Nov. 2016.svg
Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island 1893 Charlottetown 282 - Birthplace of Canada Charlottetown PEI.JPG 27 Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island - Party Layout Chart Nov. 2016.svg
National Assembly of Quebec 1868 Quebec City Assemblée nationale du Québec, Canada.jpg 125 National Assembly of Quebec - Party Layout Chart Nov. 2016.svg
Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan 1905 Regina Sask Legislative Bldg.jpg 61 Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan - Party Layout Chart Nov. 2016.svg
Yukon Legislative Assembly 1978 Whitehorse Yukon Legislature main entrance.jpg 19 Yukon Legislature Layout 2016 Election.svg

Governing parties[edit]

Current provincial/territorial governments (as of September 2021)
Province/territory Premier[1] Party in government[1] Party political position Majority/
minority 		Lieutenant governor/
commissioner[2] 		Last election
Alberta Jason Kenney United Conservative Centre-right to Right-wing ◕ Majority Salma Lakhani 2019 Alberta general election
British Columbia John Horgan New Democratic Centre-left ◕ Majority Janet Austin 2020 British Columbia general election
Manitoba Heather Stefanson Progressive Conservative Centre-right ◕ Majority Janice Filmon 2019 Manitoba general election
New Brunswick Blaine Higgs[3] Progressive Conservative Centre-right ◕ Majority Brenda Murphy 2020 New Brunswick general election
Newfoundland and Labrador Andrew Furey Liberal Centre ◕ Majority Judy Foote 2021 Newfoundland and Labrador general election
Nova Scotia Tim Houston Progressive Conservative Centre to Centre-right ◕ Majority Arthur Joseph LeBlanc 2021 Nova Scotia general election
Ontario Doug Ford Progressive Conservative Centre-right ◕ Majority Elizabeth Dowdeswell 2018 Ontario general election
Prince Edward Island Dennis King Progressive Conservative Centre-right ◕ Majority Antoinette Perry 2019 Prince Edward Island general election
Quebec François Legault Coalition Avenir Québec[4][5] Centre-right ◕ Majority J. Michel Doyon 2018 Quebec general election
Saskatchewan Scott Moe Saskatchewan Party Centre-right[6][7][8][9] ◕ Majority Russell Mirasty 2020 Saskatchewan general election
Northwest Territories Caroline Cochrane Consensus government Nonpartisan Margaret Thom 2019 Northwest Territories general election
Nunavut P.J. Akeeagok Consensus government Nonpartisan Eva Aariak 2021 Nunavut general election
Yukon Sandy Silver Liberal Centre ◔ Minority Angélique Bernard 2021 Yukon general election
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Past legislative assemblies[edit]

Past assemblies of provinces and territories[edit]

Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Alberta
1670–1905 See Northwest Territories.
1905–present Legislative Assembly of Alberta N/A Lieutenant Governor of Alberta Legislature of Alberta
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
British Columbia
1849-1866 See Vancouver Island and Colony of British Columbia.
1866–1871 N/A Legislative Council of British Columbia* Governor of the United Colony of British Columbia Governor-in-Council
1871–present Legislative Assembly of British Columbia N/A Lieutenant governor of British Columbia Parliament of British Columbia

*Included some elected members, but did not have responsible government.

Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Manitoba
1670-1821 See Northwest Territories.
1821-1870 N/A Council of Assiniboia Governor of Red River Colony and Assiniboia District Governor-in-Council
1870–1876 Legislative Assembly of Manitoba Legislative Council of Manitoba Lieutenant governor of Manitoba Legislature of Manitoba
1876–present N/A
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
New Brunswick
1763–1784 See Nova Scotia.
1784–1891 Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick Legislative Council of New Brunswick Lieutenant governor of New Brunswick New Brunswick Legislature
1891–present N/A
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Newfoundland and Labrador
1655–1713 N/A N/A Governor of Plaisance N/A
1713–1770 Lieutenant Governor of Placentia
1770–1825 N/A (see Commodore-Governor)
1825–1833 Governor of Newfoundland
1833–1934 Newfoundland House of Assembly Legislative Council of Newfoundland General Assembly of Newfoundland
1934–1949 N/A Commission of Government Governor-in-Council
1949–present* Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly N/A Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador

* Labrador was added to the name of the province in 2001. Before then, the bodies were the Newfoundland House of Assembly, Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland, and General Assembly of Newfoundland.

Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Northwest Territories
1670–1821 N/A N/A Governor of Rupert's Land N/A
1821–1839 Governor of Rupert's Land Northern Department
1839–1870 Governor-in-Chief of Rupert's Land
1870–1876 Temporary North-West Council Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba and the North-West Territories Governor-in-Council
1876–1888 1st Council of the Northwest Territories
1888–1905 North-West Legislative Assembly N/A
1905–1951 N/A 2nd Council of the Northwest Territories Commissioner of the Northwest Territories Commissioner-in-Council
1951–1975 N/A Northwest Territories Legislative Council
1975–2014 Northwest Territories Legislative Council N/A
2014–present Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories Legislature of the Northwest Territories
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Nova Scotia
1603–1713 N/A N/A Governor of Acadia N/A
1713–1720 Governor of Nova Scotia and Placentia
1720–1758 Nova Scotia Council Governor-in-Council
1758–1786 Nova Scotia House of Assembly Governor of Nova Scotia General Assembly of Nova Scotia
1786-1838 Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
1838–1928 Legislative Council of Nova Scotia
1928–present N/A
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Nunavut
1670–1999 See Northwest Territories.
1999–present Legislative Assembly of Nunavut N/A Commissioner of Nunavut Legislature of Nunavut
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Ontario
1627–1791 See Quebec.
1791–1841 Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada Legislative Council of Upper Canada Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada Parliament of Upper Canada
1841–1867 See Quebec.
1867–present Legislative Assembly of Ontario N/A Lieutenant Governor of Ontario Parliament of Ontario
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Prince Edward Island
1763–1769 See Nova Scotia.
1769–1786 House of Assembly of Prince Edward Island Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island[10] Governor of St. John's Island General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
1786-1893* Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island
1893–present Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island N/A

* The territory's name was changed from St. John's Island to Prince Edward Island in 1798. Before then, the bodies were the House of Assembly of the Island of St. John, Legislative Council of the Island of St. John, Lieutenant Governor of the Island of St. John, and General Assembly of the Island of St. John.

Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Quebec
1627–1763 N/A N/A Governor of New France N/A
1763–1791 Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec Governor of the Province of Quebec Governor-in-Council
1791–1838 Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada Legislative Council of Lower Canada Lieutenant Governor of Lower Canada Parliament of Lower Canada
1838–1841 N/A Special Council of Lower Canada Governor-in-Council
1841–1867 Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada Legislative Council of the Province of Canada Governor General of the Province of Canada Parliament of the Province of Canada
1867–1968 Legislative Assembly of Quebec Legislative Council of Quebec Lieutenant Governor of Quebec Parliament of Quebec
1968–present National Assembly of Quebec N/A
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Saskatchewan
1670–1905 See Northwest Territories.
1905–present Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan N/A Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan Legislature of Saskatchewan
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Yukon
????–1898 See Northwest Territories.
1898–1909 N/A Yukon Territorial Council Commissioner of Yukon Commissioner-in-Council
1909–1978 Yukon Territorial Council N/A
1978–2002 Yukon Legislative Assembly
2002–present Legislature of Yukon

Past assemblies of former territories and colonies[edit]

Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Colony of British Columbia
1858–1866 N/A Colonial Assembly of British Columbia Governor of the Colony of British Columbia Governor-in-Council
1866–present See British Columbia.
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Colony of Cape Breton
1784–1820 N/A Cape Breton Council Lieutenant Governor of Cape Breton Governor-in-Council
1820–present See Nova Scotia.
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
District of Keewatin
1670–1876 See Northwest Territories.
1876–1877 N/A Council of Keewatin Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba and Keewatin Governor-in-Council
1877–1905 N/A N/A
1905–1999 See Northwest Territories.
1999–present See Nunavut.
Period Lower house Upper house Viceroy Parliament
Colony of Vancouver Island
1849–1855 N/A Legislative Council of Vancouver Island Governor of Vancouver Island Governor-in-Council
1855–1866 House of Assembly of Vancouver Island Legislature of Vancouver Island
1866–present See British Columbia.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Premiers". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  2. ^ "Lieutenant Governors and Territorial Commissioners". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  3. ^ Poitras, Jacques (November 2, 2018). "Brian Gallant's minority government defeated after losing confidence vote". CBC News.
  4. ^ Authier, Philip (October 18, 2018). "Inside the CAQ cabinet: François Legault names 13 women, 13 men". Montreal Gazette.
  5. ^ "Meet the key cabinet ministers in the new Coalition Avenir Québec government". CBC News. October 18, 2018.
  6. ^ Randy Boswell; Saskatoon StarPhoenix and Regina Leader-Post; Lynn McAuley (1 January 2005). Province with a Heart: Celebrating 100 Years in Saskatchewan. CanWest Books. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-9736719-0-2.
  7. ^ Linda Trimble; Jane Arscott; Manon Tremblay (31 May 2013). Stalled: The Representation of Women in Canadian Governments. UBC Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-7748-2522-1.
  8. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1 March 2012). Britannica Book of the Year 2012. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 378. ISBN 978-1-61535-618-8.
  9. ^ Charles S. Mack (2010). When Political Parties Die: A Cross-national Analysis of Disalignment and Realignment. ABC-CLIO. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-313-38546-9.
  10. ^ The Legislative Council was an elected body from 1862 to 1893. "Elections PEI: Provincial Electoral Reform". Government of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
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