List of political ideologies
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In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. The popularity of an ideology is in part due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.
An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology which supports that economic system. The same term may also be used to refer to multiple ideologies and that is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. While the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are distinct from Marxism–Leninism.[1]
Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".[2] While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. There are several studies that show that political ideology is heritable within families.[3][4][5][6][7][8]
The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into a number of groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.
Contents
- 1 Anarchism
- 2 Christian democracy
- 3 Communitarianism
- 4 Communism
- 5 Conservatism
- 6 Corporatism
- 7 Democracy
- 8 Environmentalism
- 9 Fascism
- 10 Identity politics
- 11 Liberalism
- 12 Libertarianism
- 13 Nationalism
- 14 Populism
- 15 Progressivism
- 16 Religio-political ideologies
- 16.1 General
- 16.2 Political atheism and agnosticism
- 16.3 Political Buddhism
- 16.4 Political Christianity
- 16.5 Political Confucianism
- 16.6 Political Hinduism
- 16.7 Political indigenous religions
- 16.8 Political Islam
- 16.9 Political Judaism
- 16.10 Political Mormonism
- 16.11 Political Neopaganism
- 16.12 Political Shinto
- 16.13 Political Sikhism
- 17 Satirical and anti-politics
- 18 Social democracy
- 19 Socialism
- 20 Syndicalism
- 21 Transhumanist politics
- 22 See also
- 23 References
- 24 External links
Anarchism[edit]
- Political internationals
- Anarkismo (platformism and specifism)
- Industrial Workers of the World (anarcho-syndicalism)
- International of Anarchist Federations (synthesis anarchism)
- International Confederation of Labor (anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism)
- International Union of Anarchists (anarcho-communism)
- International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)
Classical[edit]
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| Anarcho-communism |
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Organizational forms |
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| Anarcho-syndicalism |
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Post-classical[edit]
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Theory and practice
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Books and publications
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| Communalism |
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- Anarcha-feminism
- Anarchism without adjectives
- Anarcho-pacifism
- Green anarchism
- Insurrectionary anarchism
- Platformism
Contemporary[edit]
- Anarcho-transhumanism
- Black anarchism
- Market anarchism
- Post-anarchism
- Post-colonial anarchism
- Post-left anarchism
- Queer anarchism
Religious variants[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
Asian[edit]
European[edit]
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Monaco
- Poland
- Romania
- Russia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
Oceanian[edit]
Christian democracy[edit]
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| Christian democracy |
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Ideas
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- Political internationals
- Centrist Democrat International (Christian democracy)
- Christian Democrat Organization of America (Christian democracy)
General[edit]
Other[edit]
- Christian corporatism
- Christian democratic welfarism
- Christian egalitarianism
- Communitarianism
- Ordoliberalism
- Progressive conservatism
- Social conservatism
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
Asian[edit]
European[edit]
- Albania
- Austria
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Czechia
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Georgia
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Ireland
- Italy
- Kosovo
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Moldova
- Netherlands
- North Macedonia
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
Oceanian[edit]
Communitarianism[edit]
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| Communitarianism |
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Central concepts |
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General[edit]
Other[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
Communism[edit]
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Concepts
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 Communism portal |
- Political internationals
- Committee for a Workers' International (Trotskyism)
- Committee for Revolutionary International Regroupment (Trotskyism)
- Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International (ICR) (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International (post-reunification) (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International Posadist (Trotskyism)
- International Bolshevik Tendency (Trotskyism)
- International Committee of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- International Communist Current (left communism)
- International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) (Trotskyism)
- International Communist Party (left communism)
- International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter) (Maoism)
- International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) (Hoxhaism)
- International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations (anti-revisionism)
- Internationalist Communist Union (Trotskyism)
- International League of Peoples' Struggle (Marxism–Leninism–Maoism)
- International Marxist Tendency (orthodox Trotskyism)
- International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties (Marxism–Leninism)
- International Socialist Tendency (neo-Trotskyism)
- International Workers League – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- International Workers' Unity – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- League for the Fifth International (Trotskyism)
- League for the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Liaison Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Revolutionary Communist International (Trotskyism)
- Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- United Secretariat of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- World Socialist Movement (anti-Leninism, classical Marxism, impossibilism and international socialism)
- Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
Authoritarian[edit]
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| Leninism |
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- Barracks communism
- Blanquism
- Leninism
- Democratic centralism
- Marxism–Leninism
- Brezhnevism
- Castroism
- Ceaușism
- Dubčekism
- Gorbachevism
- Guevarism
- Ho Chi Minh Thought
- Hoxhaism
- Husakism
- Juche
- Kadarism
- Khrushchevism
- Maoism
- Marxist–Leninist atheism
- Scientific communism
- Stalinism
- Titoism
- Trotskyism
- Vanguardism
- Nechayevism
- Tkachevism
- War communism
Libertarian[edit]
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| Anarcho-communism |
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Concepts |
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Organizational forms |
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| Left communism |
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| Situationism |
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- Anarcho-communism
- Communard movement
- Marxism
Other[edit]
- Agrarian communism
- Centrist Marxism
- Eco-communism
- Eurocommunism
- International communism
- Marxist democracy
- Nihilist communism
- Primitive communism
- Pre-Marxist communism
- Queer communism
- World communism
Religious variants[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
Asian[edit]
- Afghanistan
- Armenia
- Azerbajan
- Cambodia
- China
- India
- Georgia
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Israel
- Japan
- Kazakhstan
- Korea
- Kurdistan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Laos
- Mongolia
- Nepal
- Palestine
- Pakistan
- Philippines
- Soviet Union
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
- Vietnam
- Yemen
European[edit]
- Albania
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Byelarus
- Croatia
- Czechoslovakia
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Macedonia
- Moldova
- Montenegro
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- Yugoslavia
Oceanian[edit]
Conservatism[edit]
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| Conservatism |
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National variants |
- Political internationals
Traditional[edit]
- Authoritarian conservatism
- Civic conservatism
- Classical conservatism
- Cultural conservatism
- National conservatism
- Paternalistic conservatism
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| Monarchy |
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Central concepts |
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History |
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Reactionary[edit]
- Alt-right movement
- Irridentism
- Neo-feudalism
- Neo-reactionary movement
- Reactionary modernism
- Reactionary populism
Other[edit]
- Alt-lite movement
- Anti-environmentalism
- Anti-immigration movement
- Anti-unionism
- Bioconservatism
- Black conservatism
- Conservative centrism
- Conservative corporatism
- Conservative populism
- Fiscal conservatism
- Fusionism
- Green conservatism
- LGBT conservatism
- Liberal conservatism
- Libertarian conservatism
- Neo-conservatism
- Social Darwinism
Religious variants[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
- Latin America
- North America
Asian[edit]
European[edit]
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| Toryism |
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| Carlism |
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Carlist Wars |
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| Falangism |
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Organisations
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Literature |
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- Ancient Rome
- Belgium
- Denmark
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Conservatism in Italy
- Luxembourg
- Poland
- Norway
- Russia
- Serbia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
Oceanian[edit]
Corporatism[edit]
General[edit]
- Absolutist corporatism
- Communitarian corporatism
- Conservative corporatism
- Economic corporatism
- Fascist corporatism
- Kinship corporatism
- Liberal corporatism
- National corporatism
- Neo-corporatism
- Progressive corporatism
- Social corporatism
- Solidar corporatism
- State corporatism
Other[edit]
- Consociationalism
- Cooperativism
- Corporate feudalism
- Corporate welfarism
- Guild socialism
- Guildism
- Managerialism
- Mutualist movement
- National syndicalism
- Neo-feudalism
Religious variants[edit]
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| Catholic social teaching |
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| Overview |
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Regional variants[edit]
- China
- Nordic countries
- Russia
- Western Europe
Democracy[edit]
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| Democracy |
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| Types |
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| Related topics |
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| Politics portal |
- Political internationals
General[edit]
- Associative democracy
- Bioregional democracy
- Bourgeois democracy
- Cellular democracy
- Conservative democracy
- Constitutional democracy
- Cosmopolitan democracy
- Defensive democracy
- Economic democracy
- E-democracy
- Ethnic democracy
- Guided democracy
- Liquid democracy
- Market democracy
- Media democracy
- Multiparty democracy
- Non-partisan democracy
- Participatory democracy
- Pluralist democracy
- Procedural democracy
- Proletarian democracy
- Racial democracy
- Radical democracy
- Representative democracy
- Republican democracy
- Revolutionary democracy
- Sectarian democracy
- Semi-democracy
- Semi-direct democracy
- Social democracy
- Socialist democracy
- Sovereign democracy
- Substantive democracy
- Tory democracy
Other[edit]
- Demarchism
- Democratic capitalism
- Democratic centralism
- Democratic confederalism
- Democratic globalization
- Democratic republicanism
- Democratic socialism
- Democratic transhumanism
- Majoritarianism
- Producerism
- Sortitionism
Direct democracy movements[edit]
- Anticipatory democracy
- Anti-corruption movements
- Anti-establishmentarianism
- Anti-particracy movements
- Cellular democracy
- Collaborative governance
- Consensus democracy
- Copyright reform movements
- Council democracy
- Cyber-utopianism
- Deliberative democracy
- Delegative democracy
- Dynamic governance
- E-democracy
- Economic democracy
- Empowered democracy
- Grassroots democracy
- Inclusive Democracy
- Localism
- Marxist democracy
- Net neutrality movements
- Open-source governance
- Pirate politics
- Popular democracy
- Producerism
- Semi-direct democracy
Pirate politics[edit]
Pirate Party | |
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- Anti-copyright movement
- Anti-corruption movement
- Civil rights movement
- Civil libertarianism
- Direct democracy
- Free speech movement
- Information privacy movement
- Net neutrality movement
- Open-source-software movement
Religious variants[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
Asian[edit]
- Bangladesh
- Belarus
- China
- Hong Kong
- India
- Iran
- Israel
- Lebanon
- Pakistan
- Palestine
- Rojava
- Singapore
- Vietnam
American[edit]
European[edit]
Oceanian[edit]
Environmentalism[edit]
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| Green politics |
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| Carbon related |
- Political internationals
- Friends of the Earth (environmentalism)
- Global Greens (green politics)
- World Ecological Parties (bright green environmentalism)
Bright green environmentalism[edit]
Deep green environmentalism[edit]
- Anti-consumerism
- Anti-globalization movement
- Anti-nuclear movement
- Bioregionalism
- Ecocentrism
- Eco-fascism
- Green anarchism
- Neo-Luddism
- Radical environmentalism
Light green environmentalism[edit]
Other[edit]
Religious variants[edit]
- Christian environmentalism
- Islamic environmentalism
- Jewish environmentalism
- Maori environmentalism
- Spiritual ecology
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
Asian[edit]
European[edit]
Oceanian[edit]
Fascism[edit]
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Organizations |
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History
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Lists |
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Variants
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General[edit]
- Anarcho Fascism
- Classical fascism
- Crypto-fascism
- Eco-fascism
- Neo-fascism
- Para-fascism
- Post-fascism
- Proto-fascism
- Tropical fascism
Other[edit]
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| Nazism |
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Organizations
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Ideology
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Nazism outside of Germany
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- Alt-right movement
- Aryanism
- Conservative revolutionary movement
- Corporate statism
- Far-right terrorism
- Fasci movement
- Fascist corporatism
- Fascist mysticism
- Fascist syndicalism
- Feudal fascism
- Identitarian movement
- National populism
- Nazism
- Neo-Nazism
- Neo-reactionary movement
- Nouvelle Droite
- Palingenetic ultranationalism
- Racial nationalism
- Reactionary modernism
- Revolutionary nationalism
- Right-wing authoritarianism
- Supremacism
- Syncretism
- Third Position
- Ultranationalism
- Völkisch movement
Opposition[edit]
Religious variants[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
Asian[edit]
European[edit]
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| Francoism |
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- Albania
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Belarus
- Croatia
- Czechia
- Czechoslovakia
- Denmark
- Estonia
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- Yugoslavia
Oceanian[edit]
Identity politics[edit]
| Rights |
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| Theoretical distinctions |
| Human rights |
| Rights by beneficiary |
| Other groups of rights |
- Political internationals
- International Council of Women (feminism)
- Minority Rights Group International (minority rights)
- Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (indigenous rights and self-determination)
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Activities
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Issues
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Organizations
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[edit]
- Abolitionism
- Animal egalitarianism
- Animal protectionism
- Animal rights movement
- Animal liberation movement
- Animal welfarism
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Feminism[edit]
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- Analytical feminism
- Anarcha-feminism
- Care-focused feminism
- Conservative feminism
- Cultural feminism
- Cyberfeminism
- Difference feminism
- Eco-feminism
- Equality feminism
- Gender feminism
- Individualist feminism
- Intersectional feminism
- Labor feminism
- Lesbian feminism
- Liberal feminism
- Lipstick feminism
- Material feminism
- Maternal feminism
- Post-modern feminism
- Pro-feminism
- Radical feminism
- Separatist feminism
- Sex-positive feminism
- Social feminism
- Socialist feminism
- Standpoint feminism
- State feminism
- Transfeminism
Chronological variants[edit]
- Proto-feminism
- First-wave feminism
- Second-wave feminism
- Third-wave feminism
- Fourth-wave feminism
- Post-feminism
Ethnic and social variants[edit]
- Black feminism
- Chicana feminism
- Dalit feminism
- French feminism
- Indigenous feminism
- Kurdish feminism
- Post-colonial feminism
- White feminism
Religious variants[edit]
- Atheist feminism
- Buddhist feminism
- Christian feminism
- Hindu feminism
- Islamic feminism
- Jewish feminism
- Mormon feminism
- Neopagan feminism
- Sikh feminism
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
Asian[edit]
- Bangladesh
- China
- Hong Kong
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Israel
- Japan
- Lebanon
- Malaysia
- Nepal
- Northern Cyprus
- Pakistan
- Philippines
- South Korea
- Syria
- Taiwan
- Thailand
- Turkey
- Vietnam
European[edit]
- Albania
- Denmark
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Ireland
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Russia
- Sweden
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
Oceanian[edit]
LGBT social movements[edit]
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- Gay liberation
- Gay pride
- Homonationalism
- LGBT conservatism
- Pink capitalism
- Queer anarchism
- Queer ecology
- Queer nationalism
- Queer socialism
- Transfeminism
Men's movement[edit]
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- Anti-feminism
- Fathers' rights movement
- Intactivism
- Incelism
- Masculism
- Meninism
- Mythopoetic men's movement
- Pro-feminism
Self-determination movements[edit]
African-American[edit]
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History |
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Organizations
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- African-American self-determination movement
- Black anarchism
- Black capitalism
- Black feminism
- Black power
- Pan-Africanism
Indigenous peoples[edit]
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| Indigenous rights |
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| Rights |
| Governmental organizations |
| NGOs and political groups |
| Issues |
| Legal representation |
| Category |
- Australian Aborigines self-determination movement
- First Nations self-determination moveme nt
- Indigenous self-determination movement
- Māori self-determination movement
- Native American self-determination movement
- Pan-Indianism
Latin American[edit]
Separatist and supremacist movements[edit]
Ethnic[edit]
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Social
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Ethnic/National
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Manifestations
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Policies
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Countermeasures
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Related topics
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- Afrocentrism
- Apartheidism
- Antisemitism
- Arab supremacism
- Auto-segregationism
- Eurocentrism
- Indocentrism
- Institutional racism
- Racialism
- Racial segregationism
- Racial separatism
- Racial supremacism
- Racism
- Scientific racism
- Secessionism
- Sinocentrism
Black[edit]
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History |
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Organizations
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White[edit]
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| Discrimination |
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Social
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Ethnic/National
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Manifestations
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Policies
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Countermeasures
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Related topics
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Regional wariants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
- Latin America
- North America
Asian[edit]
European[edit]
Oceania[edit]
Gender[edit]
Religious variants[edit]
Student movements[edit]
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Concepts / Theory
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General[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
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Liberalism[edit]
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Schools of thought
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Organizations
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Origins |
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Ideas
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General[edit]
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Other[edit]
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| Republicanism |
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History
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Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
- Latin America
- North America
Asian[edit]
European[edit]
- Albania
- Armenia
- Austria
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- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czechia
- Denmark
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- France
- Germany
- Greece
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- Netherlands
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- Romania
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- Serbia
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- Slovenia
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Oceanian[edit]
Libertarianism[edit]
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Concepts
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General[edit]
- Austro-libertarianism
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Left-libertarianism[edit]
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Right-libertarianism[edit]
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Concepts
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Other[edit]
- Autarchism
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Religious variants[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
- Canada
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Asian[edit]
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Nationalism[edit]
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- International Conference of Asian Political Parties (pan-Asianism and regionalism)
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General[edit]
- Bourgeois nationalism
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- Integral nationalism
- Left-wing nationalism
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- Pan-nationalism
- Post-colonial nationalism
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- Revolutionary nationalism
- Right-wing nationalism
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- Ultranationalism
Other[edit]
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Opposition[edit]
Religious variants[edit]
- Christian nationalism
- Hindu nationalism
- Muslim nationalism
- Religious Zionism
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- Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
Asian[edit]
- Arab
- Assyria
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- Cambodia
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- India
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European[edit]
- Albania
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Oceanian[edit]
Unification movements[edit]
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- Indigenism
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Populism[edit]
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People
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National variants |
- Political internationals
- Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century)
- The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism)
- Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
General[edit]
- Conservative populism
- Economic populism
- Liberal populism
- Reactionary populism
- Social populism
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Left-wing populism[edit]
- Agrarian socialism
- Anti-austerity movement
- Anti-corporate movement
- Anti-globalization movement
- Anti-nuclear movement
- Copyright reform movement
- Cyber-utopianism
- Economic democracy
- Economic progressivism
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- Labour movement
- Left-wing nationalism
- Net neutrality movement
- Occupy movement
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- Participism
- Peace movement
- Radical democracy
- Social democratic populism
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Right-wing populism[edit]
- Alt-lite movement
- Alt-right movement
- Anti-intellectualism
- Antisemitism
- Chauvinism
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- Demagogy
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- National conservatism
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- Nativism
- Neo-nationalism
- Neo-reactionary movement
- Paleoconservatism
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- Right-wing nationalism
- Reactionary populism
- Third Position
- Völkisch movement
Other[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
Asian[edit]
American[edit]
European[edit]
- Ancient Rome
- Austria
- Belarus
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- Cyprus
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- San Marino
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- Spain
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Oceanian[edit]
Progressivism[edit]
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Ideas
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By region |
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- Progressive Alliance (progressivism and social democracy)
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General[edit]
Other[edit]
Religious variants[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
Religio-political ideologies[edit]
- Political internationals
- Centrist Democrat International (Christian democracy)
- Hizb ut-Tahrir (Islamism)
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General[edit]
- Anti-Masonry
- Antisemitism
- Clericalism
- Confessionalism
- Divine right of kings
- Feminist theology
- Freemasonry
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| Humanism |
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| Other forms |
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| See also |
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- Humanism
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- Political religion
- Progressive Reconstructionism
- Religious anarchism
- Religious anti-Zionism
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- Spiritual left
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Political atheism and agnosticism[edit]
Political Buddhism[edit]
Political Christianity[edit]
- Caesaropapism
- Christian antisemitism
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- Christian left
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- Christian right
- Distributism
- Jesuism
- Political Catholicism
- Ultramontanism
Political Confucianism[edit]
Political Hinduism[edit]
Political indigenous religions[edit]
Political Islam[edit]
- Gülen movement
- Islamic anarchism
- Islamic antisemitism
- Islamic democracy
- Islamic environmentalism
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- Islamic feminism
- Islamic fundamentalism
- Islamic liberalism
- Islamic Modernism
- Islamic nationalism
- Islamic pacifism
- Islamic socialism
- Khilafat movement
- Pan-Islamism
Political Judaism[edit]
- Cultural Zionism
- Jewish anarchism
- Jewish anti-Zionism
- Jewish Autonomism
- Jewish democracy
- Jewish egalitarianism
- Jewish environmentalism
- Jewish feminism
- Jewish fundamentalism
- Jewish humanism
- Jewish left
- Jewish secularism
- Kibbutzim
- Zionism
Political Mormonism[edit]
Political Neopaganism[edit]
Political Shinto[edit]
Political Sikhism[edit]
Satirical and anti-politics[edit]
General[edit]
Other[edit]
Religious variants[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
- Australia
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Canada
- Czechoslovakia
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Faroe Island
- Germany
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Iran
- Italy
- Japan
- Malta
- New Zealand
- Netherlands
- Norway
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- Romania
- Serbia
- Spain
- Sweden
- United Kingdom
- United States
Social democracy[edit]
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| Social democracy |
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People
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- Political internationals
- Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century)
- Progressive Alliance (progressivism and social democracy)
- Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
- Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy)
General[edit]
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| Organized labour |
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|
Academic disciplines |
Other[edit]
- Social democratic corporatism
- Social democratic populism
- Social democratic Shachtmanism
- Social democratic transhumanism
- Social democratic welfarism
- Third Way
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
American[edit]
Asian[edit]
- Bangladesh
- China
- Hong Kong
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Israel
- Japan
- Korea
- Kurdistan
- Myanmar
- Pakistan
- Philippines
- Syria
European[edit]
- Andorra
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- Cyprus
- Denmark
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- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Moldova
- Netherlands
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- Poland
- Portugal
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Oceanian[edit]
Socialism[edit]
| Part of a series on |
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Ideas
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|
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People
|
|
Organizations |
- Political internationals
- Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism and socialism of the 21st century)
- Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
- Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy)
- World Socialist Movement (anti-Leninism, classical Marxism, impossibilism and international socialism)
General[edit]
Authoritarian[edit]
- Arab socialism
- African socialism
- Barracks socialism
- Blanquism
- Leninism
- Democratic centralism
- Marxism–Leninism
- Brezhnevism
- Castroism
- Ceaușism
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- Scientific socialism
- Stalinism
- Titoism
- Trotskyism
- Vanguardism
- Nechayevism
- Tkachevism
- War socialism
Libertarian[edit]
- Anarchism
- Communard movement
- Communalism
- Communism
- Left-libertarianism
- Marxism
- Syndicalism
- Third camp socialism
Other[edit]
- Agrarian socialism
- Centrist Marxism
- Communitarianism
- Copyleft
- Eco-socialism
- Economic egalitarianism
- Economic progressivism
- Ethical socialism
- Guild socialism
- International socialism
- Kibbutz movement
- Labourism
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- Queer socialism
- Proto-socialism
- Radicalism
- Scientific socialism
- Social egalitarianism
- Social democracy
- Socialism of the 21st century
- Socialist feminism
- Socialist nationalism
- Socialist populism
- Utopian socialism
- World socialism
Religious variants[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
African[edit]
- Angola
- Benin
- Congo
- Egypt
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Kenya
- Libya
- Madagascar
- Mali
- Mozambique
- Senegal
- Somalia
- South Africa
- Tanzania
- Tunisia
- Zanzibar
American[edit]
Asian[edit]
- Afghanistan
- Armenia
- Azerbajan
- Bangladesh
- Bukharan
- Cambodia
- China
- Georgia
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Israel
- Japan
- Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Korea
- Kurdistan
- Laos
- Mongolia
- Myanmar
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Palestine
- Pakistan
- Philippines
- Syria
- Tajikistan
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
- Vietnam
- Yemen
European[edit]
- Albania
- Andorra
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Byelarus
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czechoslovakia
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Macedonia
- Moldova
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Social Democratic Party
- Russia
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- Yugoslavia
Oceanian[edit]
Syndicalism[edit]
| This is part of a series on |
| Syndicalism |
|---|
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|
- Political internationals
- Industrial Workers of the World (anarcho-syndicalism)
- International Confederation of Labor (anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism)
- International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)
General[edit]
Other[edit]
- Council communism
- Democratic socialism
- Guild socialism
- Libertarian socialism
- National syndicalism
- Social anarchism
- Social democracy
- Orthodox Marxism
- Utopian socialism
Regional variants[edit]
- Argentina
- Brazil
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Russia
- Spain
- Sweden
- United Kingdom
- United States
Transhumanist politics[edit]
| Part of the Ideology series on |
| Transhumanism |
|---|
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| Overviews |
| Currents |
| Political ideologies |
| Organizations |
- Political internationals
General[edit]
Other[edit]
- Anti-aging movement
- Extropianism
- Post-genderism
- Singularitarianism
- Technogaianism
- Techno-progressivism
Regional variants[edit]
See also[edit]
- Ideology
- List of communist ideologies
- List of forms of government
- List of ideologies named after people
- Political international
- Political party
References[edit]
- ^ Roberts, Andrew (2004). The State of Socialism: A Note on Terminology. Cambridge University Press. 63 (2). 349–366.
- ^ D. McLellan, Ideology, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, p. 1.
- ^ Bouchard, T. J.; McGue, M. (2003). "Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences". Journal of Neurobiology. 54 (1). 44–45.
- ^ Eaves, L. J.; Eysenck, H. J. (1974). "Genetics and the development of social attitudes". Nature. 249, 288–289.
- ^ Hatemi, P. K.; Medland, S. E.; Morley, K. I.; Heath, A. C.; Martin, N. G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study". Behavior Genetics. 37 (3). 435–448.
- ^ Hatemi, P. K.; Hibbing, J.; Alford, J.; Martin, N.; Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 584–600.
- ^ Settle, J. E.; Dawes, C. T.; Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 601–613.
- ^ Anonymous Conservative (2012). The Evolutionary Psychology Behind Politics.
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