IWAS World Games
The International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports (IWAS) World Games (or IWAS World Games) are a multi-sport competition for athletes with a disability, which under the former name of the International Stoke Mandeville Games were the forerunner of the Paralympic Games. The competition has been formerly known as the World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, the Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Games, the Stoke Mandeville Games, the World Wheelchair Games, and in the 1960s and 1970s was often referred to as the Wheelchair Olympics.
The Games were originally held in 1948 by neurologist Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who organized a sporting competition involving World War II veterans with spinal cord injuries at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital rehabilitation facility in Aylesbury, England, taking place concurrently with the first post-war Summer Olympics in London. In 1952, the Netherlands joined in the event, creating the first international sports competition for the disabled. In 1960, the Ninth Stoke Mandeville Games were held in Rome, Italy, following that year's Olympic Games. These are considered to be the first Paralympic Games.[1] The 2012 Paralympic mascot Mandeville was named after Stoke Mandeville Hospital.[2]
While the Paralympic Games evolved to include athletes from all disability groups, the Stoke Mandeville games continued to be organized as a multi-sport event for wheelchair athletes. Games were held annually in Aylesbury under the direction of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF), which became the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation (ISMWSF).
In 1999, the World Wheelchair Games were held in Christchurch, New Zealand. In 2003, the Games were again held in Christchurch, and combined with a competition for amputee athletes organized by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled. In 2004, ISMWSF and ISOD merged to create the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS). The first games held under the name IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games were held in 2005 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The second IWAS Games were held in 2007 in Chinese Taipei and the third IWAS games were held in Bangalore, India in November 2009.
Contents
Games by year[edit]
| Year | Name of the event | Host | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralyzed[3] |  United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
July 28, 1948, archery competition, 16 competitors[4] (14 men, 2 women[5]) |
| 1949 | Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1950 | Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1951 | Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1952 | 1st International Stoke Mandeville Games[6] | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
A Dutch team participated, making it an international event[4] |
| 1953 | 2nd International Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1954 | 3rd International Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1955 | 4th International Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1956 | 5th International Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1957 | 6th International Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1958 | 7th International Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1959 | 8th International Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1960 | 9th International Stoke Mandeville Games. later known as the 1st Paralympic Games[7] |
 Italy Rome |
|
| 1961 | 10th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1962 | 11th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1963 | 12th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1964 | 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games. later known as the 2nd Paralympic Games[8] |
 Japan Tokio |
|
| 1965 | 14th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1966 | 15th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1967 | 16th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1968 | 17th International Stoke Mandeville Games. later known as the 3rd Paralympic Games.[9] |
 Israel Tel Aviv |
|
| 1969 | 18th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1970 | 19th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1971 | 20th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1972 | 21st International Stoke Mandeville Games. later known as the 4th Paralympic Games[9][10] |
 Germany Heidelberg |
|
| 1973 | 22nd International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1974 | 23rd International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1975 | 24th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1976 | 5th Summer Paralympics |  Canada Toronto |
|
| 1977 | 25th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1978 | 26th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1979 | 27th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1980 | 6th Summer Paralympics |  Netherlands Arnhem |
|
| 1981 | 28th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1982 | 29th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1983 | 30th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1984 | 7th Summer Paralympics |  United States United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
|
| 1985 | 31st International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1986 | 32nd International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1987 | 33rd International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1988 | 8th Summer Paralympics |  South Korea Seoul |
|
| 1989 | 34th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1990 | 35th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1991 | 36th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1992 | 9th Summer Paralympics |  Spain Barcelona |
|
| 1993 | 37th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1994 | 38th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1995 | 39th International Stoke Mandeville Games | ||
| 1996 | 10th Summer Paralympics | United States Atlanta |
From 1997, the IWAS event was renamed World Wheelchair Games.
| Year | Name of the event | Host | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | World Wheelchair Games | ||
| 1998 | World Wheelchair Games | ||
| 1999 | World Wheelchair Games |  New Zealand Christchurch |
|
| 2000 | 11th Summer Paralympics |  Australia Sydney |
|
| 2001 | World Wheelchair Games[11] | ||
| 2002 | World Wheelchair Games[11] | ||
| 2003 | World Wheelchair Games[11] | New Zealand Christchurch |
|
| 2004 | 12th Summer Paralympics |  Greece Athens |
|
| 2005 | World Wheelchair and Amputee Games[12] |  Brazil Rio de Janeiro |
Over 700 athletes from 44 nations. Five events: track and field, table tennis, archery, shooting, and billiards.[13] |
| 2006 | World Wheelchair and Amputee Games |  India Bangalore |
|
| 2007 | World Wheelchair and Amputee Games[14] |  Taiwan Taipei |
|
| 2008 | 13th Summer Paralympics |  China Beijing |
|
| 2009 | IWAS World Games[15] [16][17][18] | India Bangalore |
|
| 2011 | IWAS World Games |  United Arab Emirates Sharjah |
December 1–10, 2011[19] |
| 2012 | 14th Summer Paralympics | United Kingdom London |
|
| 2013 | IWAS World Games | Netherlands Stadskanaal |
|
| 2015 | IWAS World Games |  Russia Sotchi |
|
| 2016 | 15th Summer Paralympics | Brazil Rio de Janeiro |
|
| 2017 | IWAS World Games |  Portugal Vila Real de Santo António |
|
| 2019 | IWAS World Games | United Arab Emirates Sharjah |
IWAS World Games[edit]
Names :
- 1-International Stoke Mandeville Games (1948 to 1995 consist of four paralympic games) - 39 Editions
- 2-World Wheelchair Games (1997-2003) - 6 Editions
- 3-World Wheelchair and Amputee Games (2005-2007) - 3 Editions
- 4-IWAS World Games (2009 to 2017) - 5 Editions
| No. | Year | Host City | Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2009 | Bangalore, India
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| 2 | 2011 | Sharjah, UAE
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| 3 | 2013 | Stadskanaal, Netherlands
|
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| 4 | 2015 | Sochi, Russia
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| 5 | 2017 | Vila Real de Santo António, Portugal
|
IWAS Under 23 World Games (IWAS Junior World Games)[edit]
| No. | Year | Host City | Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2005 | Stoke Mandeville, UK
|
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| 2 | 2006 |  Ireland
|
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| 3 | 2007 |  South Africa
|
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| 4 | 2008 | United States
|
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| 5 | 2009 |  Nottwill, Switzerland
|
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| 6 | 2010 |  Olomouc, Czech Republic
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| 7 | 2011 | Dubai, UAE
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| 8 | 2012 | Olomouc, Czech Republic
|
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| 9 | 2013 |  Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
|
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| 10 | 2014 | Stoke Mandeville, UK
|
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| 11 | 2015 | Stadskanaal, Netherlands
|
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| 12 | 2016 | Prague, Czech Republic
|
- http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/games/iwas-world-junior-games1111/past-games111/
- de:IWAS World Games
IWAS World Junior Games / IWAS Under 23 World Games[edit]
For some years now, the IWAS Federation has hosted junior competitions, which were named IWAS World Junior Games by 2015. Since 2016 they are called IWAS Under 23 World Games and will only be played in years with even numbers.[20]
| No. | Year | Date | Venue | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2005 | July 6/7 | Stoke Mandeville | Stadion | Result list |
| 2 | 2006 | July 14-16 | Dublin | Stadion | Result list |
| 3 | 2007 | 4-6 April | Ekurhuleni | Germiston Sports Precinct | Result list |
| 4 | 2008 | July 18-27 | Piscataway | Results | |
| 5 | 2009 | July 16-19 | Nottwil | SPZ Nottwil | Result list |
| 6 | 2010 | August 19-26 | Olomouc | Results | |
| 7 | 2011 | April 14-21 | Dubai | Result List | |
| 8 | 2012 | July 19-21 | Olomouc | Results | |
| 9 | 2013 | August 6-14 | Mayaguez | Central American Stadium | Ergebnisliste |
| 10 | 2014 | August 3-7 | Stoke Mandeville | Results | |
| 11 | 2015 | July 2-8 | Stadskanaal | Sportpark Stadskanaal | Ergebnisliste |
| 12 | 2016 | June 29–July 3 | Prague | Results | |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Randi Druzin (September 5, 2008). "Paralympics traces roots to Second World War". CBC Sports.
- ^ BBC Wenlock and Mandeville
- ^ Paralympics: Where Heroes Come Archived 2010-06-11 at the Wayback Machine, by Dr. Robert Steadward and Cynthia Peterson. Edmonton, Alberta: One Shot Holdings Ltd., 1997, melazerte.com, May 30, 2010
- ^ a b Remembering Paralympics past, BBC, July 15, 2008
- ^ The Paralympics: It all started with Veterans Archived 2016-08-15 at the Wayback Machine. Veteran Affairs Canada
- ^ Chronology of Events in the Development of Wheelchair Basketball Archived 2011-04-30 at the Wayback Machine, International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF)
- ^ Rome 1960, International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
- ^ The Thirteenth International Stoke Mandeville Games for The Paralysed, dinf.ne.jp, March 17, 1999
- ^ a b Summer Games Governance 1960 to 1992 Archived 2012-12-16 at Archive.today, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS)
- ^ 21st Wheelchair Olympics, by Charles J. Bierbauer, The Pittsburgh Press, August 1, 1972, Google News Archive Search
- ^ a b c 2003 World Wheelchair Games / Jeux Mondiaux 2003 Archived 2010-02-17 at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association
- ^ 2005 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games Archived 2010-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, cwsa.ca
- ^ 21. Sports – Accomplishments Abroad – The First IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games Archived 2011-06-18 at the Wayback Machine, gio.gov.tw
- ^ Singapore wins 14 medals at 2007 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, sglead.wordpress.com, September 18, 2007
- ^ Official website of the 2009 IWAS World Games Archived 2010-05-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 2009 IWAS World Wheelchair & Amputee Games, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS) Archived 2012-09-08 at Archive.today
- ^ The Official Website of 2009 IWAS World Games Archived 2010-05-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 2009 IWAS World Games, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), November 24, 2009
- ^ IWAS announced today that the bid to host the IWAS World Games, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), February 8, 2011
- ^ IWAS announces a new look for their IWAS Games programme, auf: iwasf.com, abgerufen 9. September 2016
External links[edit]
- Summer Games Governance 1960 to 1992, IWAS
- IWAS World Games from the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS) website
- "2012 – The Paralympics come home", BBC, July 4, 2008. A look back at the origins of the Stoke Mandeville Games.
