List of current senators of Canada
This is a list of current members of the Senate of Canada (French: Le Sénat du Canada), the upper house of the Canadian Parliament. Unlike the Members of Parliament in the House of Commons, the 105 senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the prime minister.[1] Senators originally held their seats for life; however, under the British North America Act, 1965, members may not sit in the Senate after reaching the age of 75. From 1867 to 2015, Prime ministers normally chose members of their own parties to be senators, though they sometimes nominated non-affiliated senators or members of opposing parties. The pattern of political affiliation in the Senate in the most recent era is distinct in several key respects from what has been the case historically. Since November 4, 2015, there has been no government caucus in the Senate because the Senate Liberal Caucus, which existed from 2014 until 2019, was not affiliated with the governing Liberal Party of Canada. On December 6, 2016, for the first time in Canadian history the number of senators without a partisan affiliation exceeded that of the largest caucus of senators with a partisan affiliation.
Seats are allocated on a regional basis, each of the four major regions receives 24 seats, and the remainder of the available seats being assigned to smaller regions. The four major regions are Ontario, Quebec, the Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island), and the Western provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatchewan). The seats for Newfoundland and Labrador, the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut are assigned apart from these regional divisions.[2] The province of Quebec has 24 Senate divisions that are constitutionally mandated. In all other provinces, a Senate division is strictly an optional designation of the senator's own choosing, and has no real constitutional or legal standing. A senator who does not choose a special senate division is considered a senator for the province at large.[2] The distribution of seats has been criticized for not being proportional per region. For example, Ontario has 40 percent of Canada's population but only 24 seats, while the smaller Atlantic provinces have a combined 30,[3] and British Columbia, the third most populous province, only has six seats.[4]
As of 3 January 2022[update], there are 91 sitting senators. Of the sitting senators: 42 are members of the Independent Senators Group, 17 are members of the senate caucus of the Conservative Party of Canada, 14 are members of the Progressive Senate Group, 12 are members of the Canadian Senators Group, and 6 are non-affiliated.[5] 14 seats are currently vacant.[6]
Active senators have been appointed on the advice of four different prime ministers: Justin Trudeau, Stephen Harper, Paul Martin, and Jean Chrétien. George Furey is the longest-serving current senator; he was appointed on the advice of Jean Chretien in 1999. As of 20 November 2021[update], there are 45 women in the Senate.[7]
Current senators[edit]
[8] | Name | Senate political affiliation | Province (Division)[a] | Date appointed | Appointed on the advice of | Mandatory retirement date | Titles and notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Margaret Dawn Anderson | Progressive Senate Group | Northwest Territories | December 12, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | April 14, 2042 | |||
David Arnot | Independent Senators Group | Saskatchewan | July 29, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | April 16, 2027 | |||
Salma Ataullahjan | Conservative | Ontario (Toronto) | July 9, 2010 | Harper | April 29, 2027 | |||
Michèle Audette | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (De Salaberry) | July 29, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | July 20, 2046 | |||
Denise Batters | Conservative | Saskatchewan | January 25, 2013 | Harper | June 18, 2045 | Expelled from the national Conservative caucus on November 16, 2021 but remains a member of the Senate Conservative Caucus.[9] | ||
Diane Bellemare | Progressive Senate Group | Quebec (Alma) | September 6, 2012 | Harper | October 13, 2024 | Legislative Deputy to Government Representative Peter Harder until she joined the ISG, November 14, 2019. | ||
Wanda Thomas Bernard | Progressive Senate Group | Nova Scotia (East Preston) | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | August 1, 2028 | |||
Robert Black | Canadian Senators Group | Ontario (Centre Wellington) | February 15, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | March 27, 2037 | |||
Peter M. Boehm | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | October 3, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | April 26, 2029 | |||
Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu | Conservative | Quebec (La Salle) | January 29, 2010 | Harper | February 12, 2024 | |||
Gwen Boniface | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | August 5, 2030 | |||
Patricia Bovey | Progressive Senate Group | Manitoba | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | May 15, 2023 | |||
Yvonne Boyer | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | March 15, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | October 25, 2028 | |||
Patrick Brazeau | Non-affiliated | Quebec (Repentigny) | January 8, 2009 | Harper | November 11, 2049 | |||
Bev Busson | Independent Senators Group | British Columbia | September 24, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | August 23, 2026 | |||
Larry W. Campbell | Canadian Senators Group | British Columbia (Vancouver) | August 2, 2005 | Martin | February 28, 2023 | |||
Claude Carignan | Conservative | Quebec (Mille Isles) | August 27, 2009 | Harper | December 4, 2039 | former Representative of the Government and former Opposition Leader | ||
Daniel Christmas | Independent Senators Group | Nova Scotia | December 6, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | September 10, 2031 | |||
Bernadette Clement | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | June 22, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | May 17, 2040 | |||
Jane Cordy | Progressive Senate Group | Nova Scotia | June 9, 2000 | Chrétien | July 2, 2025 | Progressive Senate Group Leader | ||
René Cormier | Independent Senators Group | New Brunswick | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | April 27, 2031 | |||
Brent Cotter | Independent Senators Group | Saskatchewan | January 31, 2020 | Trudeau, J. | December 18, 2024 | |||
Mary Coyle | Independent Senators Group | Nova Scotia (Antigonish) | December 4, 2017[10] | Trudeau, J. | November 5, 2029 | |||
Jean-Guy Dagenais | Canadian Senators Group | Quebec (Victoria) | January 17, 2012 | Harper | February 2, 2025 | |||
Pierre J. Dalphond | Progressive Senate Group | Quebec (De Lorimier) | June 6, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | May 1, 2029 | |||
Donna Dasko | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | June 6, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | August 19, 2026 | |||
Dennis Dawson | Progressive Senate Group | Quebec (Lauzon) | August 2, 2005 | Martin | September 28, 2024 | Progressive Senate Group Deputy Leader | ||
Colin Deacon | Independent Senators Group | Nova Scotia | June 15, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | November 1, 2034 | |||
Martha Deacon | Independent Senators Group | Ontario (Waterloo Region) | February 15, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | April 23, 2033 | |||
Tony Dean | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | August 26, 2028 | |||
Percy E. Downe | Canadian Senators Group | Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown) | June 26, 2003 | Chrétien | July 8, 2029 | |||
Pat Duncan | Independent Senators Group | Yukon | December 12, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | April 8, 2035 | |||
Renée Dupuis | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (The Laurentides) | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | January 17, 2024 | |||
Éric Forest | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Gulf) | November 21, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | April 6, 2027 | |||
Brian Francis | Progressive Senate Group | Prince Edward Island | October 11, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | September 28, 2032 | |||
George J. Furey | Non-affiliated | Newfoundland and Labrador | August 11, 1999 | Chrétien | May 12, 2023 | Speaker | ||
Raymonde Gagné | Non-affiliated | Manitoba | April 1, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | January 7, 2032 | Legislative Deputy to Government Representative Marc Gold as of January 31, 2020[11] | ||
Rosa Galvez | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Bedford) | December 6, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | June 21, 2042 | |||
Amina Gerba | Progressive Senate Group | Quebec (Rigaud) | July 29, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | March 14, 2036 | |||
Clément Gignac | Progressive Senate Group | Quebec (Kennebec) | July 29, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | May 7, 2030 | |||
Marc Gold | Non-affiliated | Quebec (Stadacona) | November 25, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | June 30, 2025 | Representative of the Government in the Senate as of January 24, 2020[12] | ||
Stephen Greene | Canadian Senators Group | Nova Scotia (Halifax — The Citadel) | January 2, 2009 | Harper | December 8, 2024 | |||
Diane F. Griffin | Canadian Senators Group | Prince Edward Island | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | March 18, 2022 | |||
Peter Harder | Progressive Senate Group | Ontario (Ottawa) | March 23, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | August 25, 2027 | former Representative of the Government from March 23, 2016 to December 31, 2019. | ||
Nancy J. Hartling | Independent Senators Group | New Brunswick | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | February 1, 2025 | |||
Leo Housakos | Conservative | Quebec (Wellington) | January 8, 2009 | Harper | January 10, 2043 | former Speaker | ||
Mobina S. B. Jaffer | Independent Senators Group | British Columbia | June 13, 2001 | Chrétien | August 20, 2024 | |||
Marty Klyne | Progressive Senate Group | Saskatchewan | September 24, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | March 6, 2032 | |||
Stan Kutcher | Independent Senators Group | Nova Scotia | December 12, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | December 16, 2026 | |||
Patti LaBoucane-Benson | Non-affiliated | Alberta | October 3, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | February 20, 2044 | Government Liaison (whip) as of January 31, 2020[11] | ||
Frances Lankin | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | April 1, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | April 16, 2029 | |||
Tony Loffreda | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Shawinegan) | July 23, 2019 | Trudeau, J. | August 14, 2037 | joined the ISG on November 7, 2019[13] | ||
Sandra M. Lovelace Nicholas | Progressive Senate Group | New Brunswick | September 21, 2005 | Martin | April 15, 2023 | |||
Michael L. MacDonald | Conservative | Nova Scotia (Cape Breton) | January 2, 2009 | Harper | May 4, 2030 | |||
Fabian Manning | Conservative | Newfoundland and Labrador | May 25, 2011 | Harper | May 21, 2039 | |||
Elizabeth Marshall | Conservative | Newfoundland and Labrador | January 29, 2010 | Harper | September 7, 2026 | |||
Yonah Martin | Conservative | British Columbia (Vancouver) | January 2, 2009 | Harper | April 11, 2040 | Opposition Deputy Leader | ||
Sabi Marwah | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | July 12, 2026 | |||
Paul J. Massicotte | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (De Lanaudière) | June 26, 2003 | Chrétien | September 10, 2026 | |||
Mary Jane McCallum | Independent Senators Group | Manitoba | December 4, 2017[10] | Trudeau, J. | May 1, 2027 | |||
Marilou McPhedran | Non-Affiliated | Manitoba | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | July 22, 2026 | Left the Independent Senators Group in October, 2021 prior to a private hearing to determine if McPhedran should be expelled from the group.[14] | ||
Marie-Françoise Mégie | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Rougemont) | November 21, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | September 25, 2025 | |||
Terry M. Mercer | Progressive Senate Group | Nova Scotia (Northend Halifax) | November 7, 2003 | Chrétien | May 6, 2022 | Whip of the Progressive Senate Group | ||
Julie Miville-Dechêne | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Inkerman) | June 20, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | July 10, 2034 | |||
Percy Mockler | Conservative | New Brunswick (St. Leonard) | January 2, 2009 | Harper | April 14, 2024 | |||
Lucie Moncion | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | October 25, 2033 | |||
Rosemary Moodie | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | December 12, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | November 24, 2031 | |||
Victor Oh | Conservative | Ontario (Mississauga) | January 25, 2013 | Harper | June 10, 2024 | |||
Ratna Omidvar | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | April 1, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | November 5, 2024 | |||
Kim Pate | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | November 10, 2034 | |||
Dennis Patterson | Conservative | Nunavut | August 27, 2009 | Harper | December 30, 2023 | |||
Chantal Petitclerc | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Grandville) | April 1, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | December 15, 2044 | |||
Don Plett | Conservative | Manitoba (Landmark) | August 27, 2009 | Harper | May 14, 2025 | Opposition Leader | ||
Rose-May Poirier | Conservative | New Brunswick (Saint-Louis-de-Kent) | February 28, 2010 | Harper | March 2, 2029 | |||
Jim Quinn | Canadian Senators Group | New Brunswick | June 22, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | January 25, 2032 | |||
Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia | Independent Senators Group | Newfoundland and Labrador | June 1, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | August 15, 2032 | |||
David Adams Richards | Canadian Senators Group | New Brunswick | August 30, 2017 | Trudeau, J. | October 17, 2025 | |||
Pierrette Ringuette | Independent Senators Group | New Brunswick | December 12, 2002 | Chrétien | December 31, 2030 | |||
Raymonde Saint-Germain | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (De la Vallière) | November 25, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | October 7, 2026 | |||
Judith G. Seidman | Conservative | Québec (De la Durantaye) | August 27, 2009 | Harper | September 1, 2025 | Opposition Whip as of November 14, 2019 | ||
Paula Simons | Independent Senators Group | Alberta | October 3, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | September 7, 2039 | |||
Larry W. Smith | Conservative | Quebec (Saurel) | May 25, 2011 | Harper | April 28, 2026 | former Opposition Leader | ||
Karen Sorensen | Independent Senators Group | Alberta | July 29, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | May 20, 2034 | |||
Scott Tannas | Canadian Senators Group | Alberta | March 25, 2013 | Harper | February 25, 2037 | In an interview with The Hill Times in July 2017, Senator Tannas "...has made it clear he will stay no longer than a decade." which would put his retirement date no later than March 25, 2023.[15] | ||
Josée Verner | Canadian Senators Group | Quebec (Montarville) | June 13, 2011 | Harper | December 30, 2034 | |||
Pamela Wallin | Canadian Senators Group | Saskatchewan | January 2, 2009 | Harper | April 10, 2028 | |||
David M. Wells | Conservative | Newfoundland and Labrador | January 25, 2013 | Harper | February 28, 2037 | |||
Howard Wetston | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | June 3, 2022 | |||
Vernon White | Canadian Senators Group | Ontario | February 20, 2012 | Harper | February 21, 2034 | Upon his appointment, Senator White said that he would step down after nine years (no later than February 20, 2021).[16] | ||
Yuen Pau Woo | Independent Senators Group | British Columbia | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | March 2, 2038 | Facilitator of the Independent Senators Group | ||
Hassan Yussuff | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | June 22, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | December 15, 2032 |
Vacancies[edit]
Province (Division) | Seat last held by | Affiliation | Reason for vacancy | Vacant since | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
British Columbia | Richard Neufeld | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | November 6, 2019 | 795 days | |
Nova Scotia | Tom McInnis | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | April 9, 2020 | 640 days | |
Saskatchewan | Lillian Dyck | Progressive Senate Group | Mandatory retirement | August 24, 2020 | 503 days | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | Norman Doyle | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | November 11, 2020 | 424 days | |
Alberta | Elaine McCoy | Canadian Senators Group | Death | December 29, 2020 | 376 days | |
Manitoba | Murray Sinclair | Independent Senators Group | Resigned | January 31, 2021 | 343 days | |
Prince Edward Island | Mike Duffy | Independent Senators Group | Mandatory retirement | May 27, 2021 | 227 days | |
Ontario | Jim Munson | Progressive Senate Group | Mandatory retirement | July 14, 2021 | 179 days | |
New Brunswick | Judith Keating | Independent Senators Group | Death | July 16, 2021 | 177 days | |
New Brunswick | Carolyn Stewart-Olsen | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | July 27, 2021 | 166 days | |
Ontario | Linda Frum | Conservative | Resigned | August 27, 2021 | 135 days | |
Alberta | Doug Black | Canadian Senators Group | Resigned | October 31, 2021 | 70 days | |
Ontario | Josée Forest-Niesing | Independent Senators Group | Death | November 20, 2021 | 50 days | |
Ontario | Thanh Hai Ngo | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | January 3, 2022 | 6 days |
Standings[edit]
Members of the Senate of Canada may sit[17] as representatives of a political party if agreed by themselves and their party.
The current party standings in the Senate of Canada are as follows:
Party | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PE | NL | YT | NT | NU | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent Senators Group | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 15 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 42 | |
Conservative | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 17 | |
Progressive Senate Group | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 14 | |
Canadian Senators Group | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | |
Non-affiliated | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |
Vacant | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | |
Total | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 24 | 24 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 105 |
Membership changes since the last election[edit]
Date | Name | Province | Affiliation before | Affiliation after | Reason | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
September 27, 2021 | Michèle Audette | Quebec (De Salaberry) | Non-affiliated | Independent Senators Group | Changed affiliation | ||
October 6, 2021 | Bernadette Clement | Ontario | |||||
October 7, 2021 | Karen Sorensen | Alberta | |||||
October 8, 2021 | Hassan Yussuff | Ontario | |||||
October 18, 2021 | Marilou McPhedran | Manitoba | Independent Senators Group | Non-affiliated | |||
October 31, 2021 | Doug Black | Alberta | Canadian Senators Group | Vacant | Resigned | ||
November 20, 2021 | Josée Forest-Niesing | Ontario | Independent Senators Group | Died in office | |||
January 3, 2022 | Thanh Hai Ngo | Ontario | Conservative | Mandatory retirement |
Standings changes since the last election[edit]
Number of members per group by date |
2021 | 2022 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep 20 | Sep 27 | Oct 6 | Oct 7 | Oct 8 | Oct 18 | Oct 31 | Nov 20 | Jan 3 | ||
Independent Senators Group | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 43 | 42 | |||
Conservative | 18 | 17 | ||||||||
Progressive Senate Group | 14 | |||||||||
Canadian Senators Group | 13 | 12 | ||||||||
Non-affiliated | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | ||||
Total members | 94 | 93 | 92 | 91 | ||||||
Vacant | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
Appointment breakdown[edit]
Prime Minister | Term | ISG | Cons. | PSG | CSG | N-A | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jean Chrétien | 1993–2003 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
Paul Martin | 2003–2006 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | |
Stephen Harper | 2006–2015 | 0 | 17 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 25 | |
Justin Trudeau | 2015–present | 39 | 0 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 56 | |
Total | 42 | 17 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 91 |
Upcoming retirements[edit]
Twenty-six current senators are scheduled to retire before the end of 2025:
- Diane Griffin, March 18, 2022, Canadian Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Prince Edward Island
- Terry Mercer, May 6, 2022, Progressive Senate Group (Chrétien) - Nova Scotia (Northend Halifax)
- Howard Wetston, June 3, 2022, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Ontario
- Larry Campbell, February 28, 2023, Canadian Senators Group (Martin) - British Columbia (Vancouver)
- Sandra Lovelace Nicholas, April 15, 2023, Progressive Senate Group (Martin) - New Brunswick
- George Furey, May 12, 2023, Non-affiliated (Chrétien) - Newfoundland and Labrador
- Patricia Bovey, May 15, 2023, Progressive Senate Group (J. Trudeau) - Manitoba
- Dennis Patterson, December 30, 2023, Conservative (Harper) - Nunavut
- Renée Dupuis, January 17, 2024, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Quebec (The Laurentides)
- Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu, February 12, 2024, Conservative (Harper) - Quebec (La Salle)
- Percy Mockler, April 14, 2024, Conservative (Harper) - New Brunswick (St. Leonard)
- Victor Oh, June 10, 2024, Conservative (Harper) - Ontario
- Mobina Jaffer, August 20, 2024, Independent Senators Group (Chrétien) - British Columbia
- Dennis Dawson, September 28, 2024, Progressive Senate Group, (Martin) - Quebec (Lauzon)
- Diane Bellemare, October 13, 2024, Progressive Senators Group (Harper) - Quebec (Alma)
- Ratna Omidvar, November 5, 2024, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Ontario
- Stephen Greene, December 8, 2024, Canadian Senators Group (Harper) - Nova Scotia (Halifax — The Citadel)
- Brent Cotter, December 18, 2024, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Saskatchewan
- Nancy Hartling, February 1, 2025, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - New Brunswick
- Jean-Guy Dagenais, February 2, 2025, Canadian Senators Group (Harper) - Quebec
- Don Plett, May 14, 2025, Conservative (Harper) - Manitoba (Landmark)
- Marc Gold, June 30, 2025, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Quebec (Stadacona)
- Jane Cordy, July 2, 2025, Progressive Senate Group (Chrétien) - Nova Scotia
- Judith Seidman, September 1, 2025, Conservative (Harper) - Québec (De la Durantaye)
- Marie-Françoise Mégie, September 21, 2025, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Quebec (Rougemont)
- David Adams Richards, October 17, 2025, Canadian Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - New Brunswick
Longevity[edit]
Furthest year of retirement of existing senators, by prime minister
- Dennis Dawson, appointed by Paul Martin, is due to retire on September 28, 2024
- Pierrette Ringuette, appointed by Jean Chrétien, is due to retire on December 31, 2030
- Michèle Audette, appointed by Justin Trudeau, is due to retire on July 20, 2046
- Patrick Brazeau, appointed by Stephen Harper, is due to retire on November 11, 2049
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Quebec is the only province with Senate divisions that are constitutionally mandated. In all other provinces, a Senate division is strictly an optional designation of the senator's own choosing, and has no real constitutional or legal standing. A senator who does not choose a special senate division is considered a senator for the province at large.
References[edit]
- ^ Makarenko, Jay (June 1, 2007). "The Canadian Senate: Role, Powers & Operation". MapleLeafWeb. Archived from the original on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
- ^ a b "A Legislative and Historical Overview of the Senate of Canada". Parliament of Canada. May 2001. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
- ^ "Western premiers urge further Senate reform". The Globe and Mail. May 30, 2006. Retrieved November 24, 2008.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Knox, Jack (November 27, 2008). "Barack hasn't called, so I'm aiming for Canadian Senate seat". Times-Colonist. Archived from the original on September 23, 2009. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
- ^ Tasker, John Paul (November 18, 2019). "Two more senators defect to upstart group, one citing Scheer's leadership". CBC News. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
- ^ "Senators". Archived from the original on January 22, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
- ^ "Women in the Senate". Parliament of Canada. Archived from the original on January 23, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "Senators: 42nd Parliament of Canada". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved November 5, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bailey, Ian (November 18, 2021). "Not entirely ousted: Senator critical of O'Toole remains member of Tory Senate caucus". Globe and Mail. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- ^ a b "Prime Minister announces the appointment of two new Senators". pm.gc.ca (Press release). PMO. December 4, 2017. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
- ^ a b "With two new Senate appointments, Trudeau has now appointed half of the upper house". CBC News. January 31, 2020. Archived from the original on February 1, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
- ^ "Trudeau appoints constitutional lawyer Marc Gold as government leader in the Senate". CBC News. January 24, 2020. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
- ^ Loffreda, Senator Tony (November 7, 2019). "Senator Tony Loffreda on Twitter: The Senate plays a crucial role in the Canadian parliamentary system, I am looking forward to leveraging the experiences that I've accumulated throughout my career as we attempt to improve legislation, as well as the lives of Canadians. Thank you!". Twitter. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- ^ "Manitoba senator quits Independent Senators Group ahead of expulsion hearing". CBC News. October 18, 2021. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
- ^ "Tory Senators divided over whether they really agreed to term limits". Archived from the original on October 24, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
- ^ "Sen. White vows to step down after nine years, even if Senate reforms not passed". Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
- ^ The Senate Chamber (PDF). Senate of Canada. February 19, 2019. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 6, 2019. Retrieved November 18, 2019.