Non-pharmaceutical intervention

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A non-pharmaceutical intervention (abbr. NPIs) regroups all methods to reduce an epidemic spread without requiring treatments. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) points to Personal NPIs, Community NPIs and Environmental NPIs.[1] NPI have been recommended for pandemic influenza at both local[2] and global levels,[3] and studied at large scale during the 2009 swine flu pandemic[4] and the COVID-19 pandemic.[5][6]

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References[edit]

  1. ^ "Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2019-06-11. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  2. ^ World Health Organization Writing Group; Bell, D.; Nicoll, A.; Fukuda, K.; Horby, P.; Monto, A.; Hayden, F.; Wylks, C.; Sanders, L.; Van Tam, J. (January 2006). "Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Pandemic Influenza, National and Community Measures". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (1): 88–94. doi:10.3201/eid1201.051371. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 3291415. PMID 16494723.
  3. ^ World Health Organization Writing Group; Bell, D.; Nicoll, A.; Fukuda, K.; Horby, P.; Monto, A.; Hayden, F.; Wylks, C.; Sanders, L.; Van Tam, J. (January 2006). "Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Pandemic Influenza, International Measures". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (1): 81–87. doi:10.3201/eid1201.051370. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 3291414. PMID 16494722.
  4. ^ Mitchell, Tarissa; Dee, Deborah L.; Phares, Christina R.; Lipman, Harvey B.; Gould, L. Hannah; Kutty, Preeta; Desai, Mitesh; Guh, Alice; Iuliano, A. Danielle; Silverman, Paul; Siebold, Joseph (2011-01-01). "Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions during an Outbreak of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection at a Large Public University, April–May 2009". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 52 (suppl_1): S138–S145. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq056. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 21342886.
  5. ^ Imai, Natsuko; Gaythorpe, Katy A.M.; Abbott, Sam; Bhatia, Sangeeta; van Elsland, Sabine; Prem, Kiesha; Liu, Yang; Ferguson, Neil M. (2020-04-02). "Adoption and impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19". Wellcome Open Research. 5: 59. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15808.1. ISSN 2398-502X. PMC 7255913. PMID 32529040.
  6. ^ "Report 9 - Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand". Imperial College London. Retrieved 2020-04-16.

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