2015 Parapan American Games

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V Parapan American Games
2015 Parapan American Games logo.svg
Official logo of the 2015 Parapan American Games
Host city Toronto, Ontario
Country Canada
Athletes participating 1,651
Events 317 in 15 sports
Opening ceremony August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07)
Closing ceremony August 15, 2015 (2015-08-15)
Officially opened by Governor General David Johnston
Athlete's Oath Benoit Huot
Judge's Oath Sebastien Travers
Torch Lighter Chantal Petitclerc
Main venue Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium (opening)
Nathan Phillips Square (closing)
Website www.toronto2015.org
<  2011 2019  >

The 2015 Parapan American Games, officially the V Pan American Games and commonly known as the Toronto 2015 ParaPan-Am Games, were a major international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities, celebrated in the tradition of the Parapan American Games as governed by the Americas Paralympic Committee, held from August 7 to 15, 2015 in Toronto, Canada. Marking the first Parapan American games hosted by Canada, and the second major Paralympic sports event hosted by Toronto since the 1976 Summer Paralympics, the Games were held at venues in Toronto and four other Golden Horseshoe communities.[1] Both the Parapan American and Pan American Games were organized by the Toronto 2015 Organizing Committee (TO2015).

The Games hosted 1,608 athletes representing 28 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) in the Americas. 445 events were held in 15 sports—all of which serving as qualifiers for the 2016 Summer Paralympics, including the debut of wheelchair rugby at the Parapan American Games, and the return of 7-a-side football following its absence from the 2011 Parapan American Games.

Bidding process[edit]

Main article: Bids for the 2015 Pan and Parapan American Games
Toronto was selected by the Canadian Olympic Committee as the official bid city from Canada for the 2015 Parapan American Games

The Canadian Olympic Committee chose Toronto and the surrounding region as the Canadian candidate. No other Canadian city was given a chance to bid in a domestic race, and thus Toronto was selected without a vote.[2] Toronto's interest in bidding came after failing to land the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics, which were held in Atlanta and Beijing respectively.

On February 23, 2009, both Toronto City Council and Hamilton City Council approved the bid officially and confirmed their intentions to support the successful hosting of the event.[3] The official bid book document was submitted to the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) on May 27, 2009.[4]

PASO made an evaluation visit to Toronto between August 30 and 31, 2009. The team analyzed the candidate city features and provided its feedback back to voting members of PASO. The evaluation committee was headed by Julio Maglione, a member of the IOC representing Uruguay and the head of Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), the international swimming federation. After the visit Maglione said, "Toronto has all the conditions to play host to the Pan American Games".[5]

Toronto won the bidding process to host the Pan and Parapan American Games by a vote of the Pan American Sports Organization on November 6, 2009, at the PASO Session held in Guadalajara, Mexico. The result was announced by PASO President Mario Vázquez Raña.[6] Toronto faced two other finalists shortlisted Lima, Peru, and Bogotá, Colombia. Toronto earned 33 votes, while contesting candidate cities Lima and Bogotá received 11 and 7 votes, respectively.[7]

2015 Parapan American Games bidding results
City NOC Round 1
Toronto  Canada 33
Lima  Peru 11
Bogotá  Colombia 7

Development and preparation[edit]

Venues[edit]

Varsity Stadium: The archery venue.
Main article: Venues of the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games

Toronto will become one of the most populous cities to ever hold the Parapan American Games. In August, the month when the Games will be held, Toronto has an average temperature of 21 °C (70 °F). Toronto’s summer temperatures around August are warm, and the city averages less than five days with the temperature going above 30 °C (86 °F). As well in August Toronto averages about 67mm of precipitation. Moreover, Toronto's elevation is at 112 m (367 ft) above sea level, which provides optimal and ideal conditions for athletes.[8]

In January 2012, the organizing committee announced that sixty percent of the originally proposed venues would be dropped, in favour of a clustering system seen at other multi-sport events such as the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain.[9]

Athletes' living quarters are at the 2015 Pan American Games Athletes' Village.

The opening ceremonies will be held at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium and the closing ceremonies will be held at Nathan Phillips Square. The Parapan Games will re-use 12 venues from the Pan Am Games. Some of the competition venues in the Toronto area included the Pan American Field Hockey Centre, and the Toronto Pan Am Sports Centre. Only four competition venues are located outside of Toronto:

Infrastructure and budget[edit]

Construction work on the subway extension at York University.

The Toronto 2015 Organizing Committee (TO2015) along with all three levels of government will spend about $1.4 billion Canadian dollars in upgrading and building new venues in the region.[10] The provincial government (Ontario) and the Canadian federal government would provide 35% each of the funding, with the municipalities covering the remaining 30% of the cost. Also $1 billion Canadian dollars will be spent on building an athletes' village in the West Don Lands area of Toronto. Therefore, the total spent will be $2.4 billion, the highest ever spent for a Pan/Parapan American Games. Later in 2011 Toronto's contribution to the games almost doubled from $49.5 million to $96.5 million for several reasons: the athletics stadium was moved to York University from Hamilton, the soil was to be remediated at the University of Toronto Scarborough where the proposed aquatics centre is supposed to be built, more money was needed for the proposed BMX track and the increase in inflation.[11] $700 million Canadian dollars will be spent to build and renovate infrastructure in the region, about three times what was spent for the 2011 Pan American Games.[12]

Many transit improvements in Toronto will be made in time for these games. These include the Union Pearson Express airport rail link,[13] but the extension of the Yonge–University–Spadina line of the Toronto subway into Vaughan, site of three sports: athletics, goalball and powerlifting was not completed on time.[14]

Medals[edit]

In October 2013 it was announced that the medals for the games would be produced and designed by the Royal Canadian Mint.[15] In September 2014 it was announced that the supplier of the raw minerals used in the medals (over 4,000 in total) would be Barrick Gold. All the materials used in the medals will come from the company's operations in the Pan American region.[16] The copper was mined at the company's Zaldivar mine in Chile, the silver at the Pueblo Viejo mine in the Dominican Republic and the gold was mined at the Hemlo mine in Northern Ontario.[17]

The designs of the medals were revealed on March 3, 2015 at a ceremony at the Royal Ontario Museum. The medals are roughly 86.7 millimetres in diameter and weigh about 350 grams.[18] The artist of the medals is Christi Belcourt. There are three shapes on the front of the medal representing North America, Central America and the Caribbean, and South America, the three regions that will be competing at the games, while also giving a feel and texture of the medal podium. The back of the medal represents the logo and motto of the games. The design also includes the elements and technique of mokume-gane.[19][20]

Volunteers[edit]

The Parapan American Games require 7000 volunteers.[21] It shares the same volunteer recruitment, selection, and training process as the Pan American Games, which drew over 63,000 applicants to become a volunteer.[22]

Ticketing[edit]

Ticket sales began on March 25, 2015.[23] More than 90,000 out of the 200,000 tickets available were sold.[24]

Torch relay[edit]

Main article: 2015 Parapan American Games torch relay

The Parapan torch relay consists of a 5-day journey, visiting 12 communities. Two torches were lit, one in the west at Niagara Falls and one in the east at Ottawa. Both make their way towards and reunite in Toronto.[25]

The Games[edit]

Participating nations[edit]

28 nations are expected to compete.

Sports[edit]

Fifteen sports, the most ever for a Parapan American Games will be contested. Wheelchair rugby will make its debut at the Games, while Football 7-a-side makes its return to the games after missing the 2011 Parapan American Games.[14] All fifteen sports will be used for Paralympic qualification in 2016.[14]

Reception[edit]

The president of the Americas Paralympic Committee, Jose Luis Campo described the Games "the best Parapan American Games ever".[26]

Calendar[edit]

OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Event finals CC Closing ceremony
August 7
Fri		 8
Sat		 9
Sun		 10
Mon		 11
Tue		 12
Wed		 13
Thu		 14
Fri		 15
Sat		 Events
Ceremonies OC CC
Archery ● 4 4
Athletics 22 25 22 20 26 115
Boccia ● ● ● 4 4
Cycling 10 4 14
Football 5-a-side ● ● ● ● ● 1 1
Football 7-a-side ● ● ● ● ● 1 1
Goalball ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Judo 4 4 5 13
Powerlifting 5 3 8 4 20
Sitting volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2
Swimming 16 15 19 17 17 17 15 116
Table tennis ● ● 17 ● ● 7 24
Wheelchair basketball ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Wheelchair rugby ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1
Wheelchair tennis ● ● ● ● ● 2 2 4
Total events 31 18 70 59 43 50 54 3 328
Cumulative total 31 49 119 178 221 271 325 328 N/A
August 7
Fri		 8
Sat		 9
Sun		 10
Mon		 11
Tue		 12
Wed		 13
Thu		 14
Fri		 15
Sat		 Events

Medal table[edit]

Host nation
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Brazil 109 74 74 257
2 Canada 50 63 55 168
3 United States 40 51 44 135
4 Mexico 38 36 39 113
5 Colombia 24 36 30 90
6 Cuba 19 15 13 47
7 Argentina 18 25 24 67
8 Venezuela 8 14 25 47
9 Chile 4 2 6 12
10 Jamaica 2 2 1 5
11 Trinidad and Tobago 2 0 0 2
12 Ecuador 1 0 4 5
13 Bermuda 1 0 0 1
13 Uruguay 1 0 0 1
15 Nicaragua 0 0 4 4
16 Costa Rica 0 0 2 2
16 Puerto Rico 0 0 2 2
18 Dominican Republic 0 0 1 1
Total 317 318 324 959

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Dakshana Bascaramurty (July 3, 2015). "Glamour, pride and cash: Why cities compete to put on a sports spectacle". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. Winnipeg – the only other Canadian city ever to be a Pan Am host, which it has done twice – had a modest goal as well as a modest budget. 
  2. ^ Gerein, Keith (August 15, 2008). "Pursuit of 2015 Universiade may be futile". Edmonton Journal (Edmonton, Canada: Postmedia Network Inc.). Retrieved August 31, 2014. 
  3. ^ "Pan Am Games bid gets critical endorsement". CNW Group. February 23, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2014. 
  4. ^ "Toronto Submits 2015 Pan American Games Bid Book". http://www.canadiancyclist.com/. May 27, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2014. 
  5. ^ "Pan Am Bid Evaluation Head Enthusiastic About Toronto Venues And Bid Legacy". Barbados Gazette. September 1, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2014. 
  6. ^ "Toronto wins 2015 Pan Am Games". Toronto Star (John D. Cruickshank). September 9, 2009. Retrieved April 7, 2011. 
  7. ^ "Toronto wins bid to host 2015 Pan Am Games". The Canadian Press (Toronto, Canada: CP24). November 6, 2009. 
  8. ^ "Maintenance". toronto2015.org. 
  9. ^ "Pan Am Games set for big venue changes". thestar.com. 26 January 2012. 
  10. ^ "FAQ - Toronto 2015 Pan Am / Parapan Am Games". toronto2015.org. 
  11. ^ "Toronto’s Pan Am costs to double". Toronto Star. 2011-01-13. Retrieved 2011-04-08. 
  12. ^ "Rumbo a 2015 Toronto toma la estafeta panamericana". mediotiempo.com. 31 October 2011. 
  13. ^ Megan O'Toole (19 December 2011). "Union-Pearson air-rail link construction to start spring 2012". National Post. 
  14. ^ a b c "Maintenance". toronto2015.org. 
  15. ^ Criger, Erin (October 9, 2013). "Royal Canadian Mint to make Toronto Pan Am medals". CityNews (Toronto, Canada). Retrieved January 30, 2015. 
  16. ^ "Barrick named the exclusive provider of gold, silver and bronze for the medals at Toronto 2015 Pan Am and Parapan Am Games". http://barrickbeyondborders.com/. Barrick Gold. September 29, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2015. 
  17. ^ "Pan Am Games medals unveiled in Toronto". CBC Sports (Toronto, Canada). March 3, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015. 
  18. ^ "Medals for Toronto Pan Am Games to incorporate Braille for the first time". The Globe and Mail (Toronto, Canada). March 3, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015. 
  19. ^ "The Medals Story". http://www.toronto2015.org/. TO2015. March 3, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015. 
  20. ^ Pavitt, Michael (March 3, 2015). "Toronto 2015 unveil medals for Pan and Parapan American Games". http://www.insidethegames.biz/. Insidethegames. Retrieved March 3, 2015. 
  21. ^ Battersby, Sarah-Joyce (July 27, 2015). "The Pan Am Games are over. Now what?". Toronto Star. Retrieved July 28, 2015. 
  22. ^ Hunter, Paul (June 10, 2015). "Canadian Olympics chief says Toronto ready for bid". Toronto Star. Retrieved July 9, 2015. 
  23. ^ "Parapan Am Games tickets go on sale while Pan Am Games tickets suspended". CBC News. March 25, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2015. 
  24. ^ "Largest Ever Parapan Am Games Make History". TO2015. August 15, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015. 
  25. ^ "Parapan Am Games Torch Relay Route" (PDF). Toronto 2015. 
  26. ^ McDermott, Julianna (August 16, 2015). "Toronto 2015 Parapan Am Games Praised As The 'Largest, Loudest And Best Ever'". Huffington Post Canada. 

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2015 Parapan American Games.
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