COVID-19 Treatment AND Vaccine Tracker
Last Updated:
August 4, 2020 8:11 AM
Pacific
FasterCures, a center of the Milken Institute, is currently tracking the development of treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 (coronavirus). This tracker contains an aggregation of publicly-available information from validated sources.
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Treatments
Drug developers, academic labs, and other organizations globally are developing many different kinds of medical products to treat COVID-19. Treatments give us tools to help patients while a vaccine is developed. Potential treatments include medicines currently used or studied to treat other diseases (“repurposed” treatments), as well as drugs newly identified or designed to treat COVID-19.
Antibodies
Antibodies are one of your body’s natural defense systems against foreign attackers. When your body detects foreign intruders (like bacteria or viruses), your immune system makes antibodies that recognizes them. These specific antibodies attach to the foreign intruders and target them for destruction. To treat or prevent disease, scientists can either use antibodies from the blood of people who have recovered from the infection (i.e., “convalescent plasma”) or use antibodies made in a lab that will attach to and stop (“neutralize”) the foreign intruders.
Antibodies created to attach to different molecules in the body (i.e., not foreign intruders) can also be used to treat disease, for example, by turning down your immune response to stop it from overreacting and causing damage to the body (a phenomenon known as “cytokine storm”).
Antibodies created to attach to different molecules in the body (i.e., not foreign intruders) can also be used to treat disease, for example, by turning down your immune response to stop it from overreacting and causing damage to the body (a phenomenon known as “cytokine storm”).
Alexion Pharmaceuticals. TACTIC-R trial
Ultomiris (ravulizumab-cwvz), complement inhibitor
clinical
Phase III recruiting July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris (Phase II); Alexion (Expanded Access Protocols)
Soliris (eculizumab), complement inhibitor
clinical
Phase II recruiting May 2020. Expanded access protocols
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
AstraZeneca; ACCORD trial
MEDI3506, monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 33
clinical
ACCORD Phase II trial to start May 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
BioCon/ Equilium
itolizumab, anti-CD6 IgG1 monoclonal antibody
clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Celltrion
CT-P59; Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
clinical
Phase I trial started July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Celltrion/ University of Oxford/ University Hospitals Birmingham (CATALYST trial)
Remsima (infliximab), anti-TNF antibody
clinical
Phase II trial to start in June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Cerecor
CERC-002, anti-LIGHT monoclonal antibody
clinical
Phase II recruiting July 2020, top line data expected 4Q 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
CytoDyn
leronlimab (PRO 140), a CCR5 antagonist
clinical
Phase II trial interim results released July 2020; Phase II trial (mild/moderate) met enrollment in June 2020; Phase IIb/III trial (severe) ongoing June 2020; individual expanded access
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
EUSA Pharma / The Papa Giovanni XXII Hospital; University Hospital, Ghent; Fundacion Clinic per a la Recerca Biomédica
Sylvant (siltuximab), interleukin-6 targeted monoclonal
clinical
FDA approves Phase III trial in hospitalized patients in July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Edesa Biotech/ Light Chain Bioscience (NovImmune)
EB05, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory molecule (sPLA2 inhibitor)
clinical
Phase I/II not yet recruiting July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Eli Lilly
LY3127804, anti-Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) antibody
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Eli Lilly/ AbCellera (NIH Vaccines Research Center)/Takeda
LY-CoV555 antibody from recovered patients
clinical
Phase III Blaze-2 study enrolling August 2020 at Long-Term care facilities
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
GSK
otilimab, anti-granulocyte macrophase colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) antibody
clinical
Phase II recruiting June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Humanigen Inc./ Catalent Biologics
lenzilumab, anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor antibody
clinical
Data on first clinical use released June 2020; Phase III trial ongoing July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
I-Mab Biopharma
TJM2 (TJ003234), anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor antibody
clinical
Interim Phase I/II data released June 2020, part 2 of the study to start June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Implicit Bioscience
IC14, recombinant chimeric anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody
clinical
Phase II not yet recruiting July 2020; Expanded access protocols
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
InflaRx N.V.
IFX-1, anti-C5a antibody
clinical
Phase III trial to begin summer 2020; Phase II topline results reported June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Junshi Biosciences/ Eli Lilly/ Lonza
JS016 antibody candidate
clinical
Phase I trial in China started June 2020; trial in US to start 2H 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Kamada/ Kedrion Biopharma/ Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
clinical
Individual Expanded Access use in Israel started in June 2020; Phase I/II in hospitalized patients in Israel to start 3Q 2020; Will talk to FDA in 3Q 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Kiniksa/ Cleveland Clinic/ Ospedale San Raffaele
mavrilimumab, anti-granulocyte-macrophase colony-stimunlating factor receptor-alpha monoclonal antibody
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting June 2020; Case reports published June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors, including: New York State Department of Health; Johns Hopkins University; the Feinstein Institutes; RECOVERY trial
Convalescent plasma (blood plasma from recovered patients)
clinical
Mayo Clinic and Houston Methodist trial results published June 2020, other trials ongoing
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors; Octapharma USA/ Sharp Memorial Hospital; Grifols
Octagam; intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
clinical
Octapharma released topline results from retrospective study July 2020; Phase III study ongoing July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Novartis; other research sponsors
Ilaris (canakinumab), interleukin-1beta blocker
clinical
Novartis Phase III to start and trial top-line results expected late summer 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Numerous trials with Chinese research sponsors
PD-1 blocking antibody; Thymosin
clinical
Phase II study not yet recruiting
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Numerous trials with Chinese research sponsors; Roche
Avastin (bevacizumab), vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor
clinical
Phase II/III studies recruiting April 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Numerous trials with global research sponsors; Roche; REMAP-CAP; RECOVERY
Actemra (tocilizumab), interleukin-6 receptor antagonist
clinical
Initial Roche studies could be completed May or June 2020; Phase II open-label study in Italy active (April 2020), Phase III Roche global trial enrolling May 2020, Roche trial (+ remdesivir) to start June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Regeneron/ NIAID
Antibody combination REGN-COV2 (REGN10933+REGN10987) against the spike protein
clinical
Joined Operation Warp Speed in July 2020; Phase III prevention trial with NIAID starts July 2020; Phase II stage of I/II/III treatment trial started July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Roivant Sciences
Gimsilumab, anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor monoclonal
clinical
Phase II study started in April 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Sanofi / Regeneron; Feinstein Institutes; REMAP-CAP global trial
Kevzara (sarilumab), interleukin-6 receptor antagonist
clinical
Phase III (US) results released July 2020 and US trial stopped, Phase III (ex-US in severe and critical hospitalized patients continues) results expected 3Q 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Staidson/ Pivotal
BDB-100, monocloncal anti-C5a antibody
clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Swedish Orphan Biovitrum
Gamifant (emapalumab), anti-interferon gamma antibody
clinical
Phase II/III recruiting April 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Tang-Du Hospital
meplazumab, anti-CD147 antibody
clinical
Results released July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Tychan/ SingHealth Investigational Medicine Unit
TY027, monoclonal antibody targeting SARS-CoV-2
clinical
Phase I started June 2020; efficacy data expected 3Q 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
University of Hong Kong (BMS)
Opdivo (nivolumab), PD-1 blocking antibody
clinical
Phase II study not yet recruiting
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Various global research sponsors
Prolastin, alpha-1 anti-trypsin antibody
clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Abcore
Single domain antibodies (sdAbs), engineered monoclonal antibody derived from camelids
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Ablexis / AlivaMab Discovery Services / Berkeley Lights Collaborate
Antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Adagio Therapeutics
Antibodies binding to a piece of the spike protein found on multiple coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2
pre-clinical
Phase I trial expected to start by the end of 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Alliance
- Proteona/ NMI/ NUS Enterprise/10X Genomics; NovogeneAIT/ Twist Bioscience/
University Hospitals
Antibody for immunocompromised patients
pre-clinical
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Amgen / Adaptive Biotechnologies
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Phase I trial expected to start ~October 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
AstraZeneca / US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) / University of Maryland School of Medicine
Antibodies targeting the S protein from convalescent serum, humanized mice, and phage display
pre-clinical
Phase I trials begin in summer 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Atreca / BeiGene / IGM Biosciences
Novel IgM and IgA antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
CSL Behring / SAb Biotherapeutics
SAB-185, Polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG)
pre-clinical
Phase I starts early summer 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
CSL Behring Australia
COVID-19 Immunoglobulin, plasma derived
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Celltrion
Super-antibody or antibody cocktail to target potential mutations of SARS-CoV-2
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Centivax (Distributed Bio)
Antibody
pre-clinical
Released hamster study results in June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London
Antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
CoVIg-19 Plasma Alliance (Takeda, CSL Behring, Biotest AG, Bio Products Laboratory, LFB, and Octapharma, ADMA Biologics, BioPharma Plasma, GC Pharma, Sanquin)/Gates Foundation/ NIAID/ Microsoft
Polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG), unbranded
pre-clinical
Phase I trials start in summer 2020; To patients between December 2020 and December 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Cologne University Hospital/ German Center for Infection Research/ Boehringer Ingelheim
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Clinical trials to start in 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Mix of neutralizing antibodies isolated from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS)/ The University of Costa Rica (UCR)/ Clodomiro Picado Institute
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Edesa Biotech / Light Chain Bioscience (NovImmune)
Monocloncal antibodies, CXC10 antagonist
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Eli Lilly/ Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
Neutralizing antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Emergent BioSolutions
Horse plasma product (COVID-EIG)
pre-clinical
Phase II trials begin ~August 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Emergent BioSolutions/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ Mt Sinai Health System/ ImmunoTek Bio Centers
Polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG)
pre-clinical
Phase II trials begin ~August 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Fab'entech
Polyclonal antibodies
pre-clinical
Expected to begin Phase I/II trials in early 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
FairJourney Biologics / Iontas
Antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
GC Pharma/ Korea National Institute of Health
GC5131A, plasma derived therapy
pre-clinical
Phase II/III to start in July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Generation Bio / Vir Biotechnology
Non-viral gene therapy to produce monoclonal antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
GigaGen
rCIG (recombinant anti-coronavirus 19 hyperimmune gammaglobulin), polyclonal antibodies
pre-clinical
Phase I trial expected to start early 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Grifols
Polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG)
pre-clinical
Phase I trial expected to start July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Grifols
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Harbour BioMed / Erasmus MC / Utrecht University / Mount Sinai Health System / AbbVie
Antibody 47D11
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
IGY Life Sciences/ MMS Holdings/ Canadian Government National Microbiology Lab
IgY-110, anti-CoV-2 antibody (nasal spary application)
pre-clinical
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
ImmunoPrecise Antibodies
Monoclonal antibody cocktail
pre-clinical
Lead candidates identified June 2020, pre-clinical studies to start summer 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Immunome
Novel biosynthetic convalescent plasma (BCP)
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Innovent Biologics
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Ligand Pharmaceuticals
Antibodies (OmniChicken platform)
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Ligand Pharmaceuticals
Antibodies (OmniRat platform)
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Medicago / Laval University's Infectious Disease Research Centre
Antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Prellis Biologics
Antibodies
pre-clinical
Phase I trial could begin as early as Sept 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Public Health England (Stuart Dowall)
Purified ovine immunoglobulin from immunized sheep
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Rosalind Franklin Institute/ Oxford University/ Diamond Light Source/ Public Health England
Nanobodies from Llamas
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Sorrento Therapeutics / Mount Sinai Health System
COVI-SHIELD antibody cocktail that binds to three different epitopes
pre-clinical
Start Phase II trial Q3 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Tiziana Life Sciences
TZLS-501, an anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (inhalation technology in development)
pre-clinical
Plan to initiate Phase 1 in Q1 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Tsinghua University/ Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen/ Brii Biosciences
BRII-196 and BRII-198, Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Phase I trials recruiting July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
University of Texas at Austin / US National Institutes of Health / Ghent University
Linked nanobody antibody
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Vanderbilt Vaccine Center / AstraZeneca / IDBiologics
Combo of two antibodies
pre-clinical
Phase I trial begins in August 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Vir Biotechnology / GSK / Samsung / WuXi Biologics / Biogen
VIR-7831 and VIR-7832, antibodies from recovered SARS patients
pre-clinical
Start Phase II ~July-September 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Virna
Therapeutics/ University of Toronto
Neutralizing antibodies
pre-clinical
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Xbiotech / BioBridge Global
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Next Steps
Antivirals
Viruses travel light—they usually only carry a few things they need, including the code to make more of themselves (the “nucleic acid,” either DNA or RNA) and a protective shell around them. They can’t make more of themselves (“replicate”) on their own. They need to get into animal cells, where they hijack the replication system that those cells use. Antiviral treatments stop viruses from making more of themselves by blocking one or more steps in the process.
Acer Therapeutics / US National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)
emetine hydrochloride
clinical
Phase II/III to start in Q3 2020
n/a
Ansun Biopharma/ Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
DAS181, recombinant sialidase (nebulized)
clinical
Individual patient expanded access finding released in May 2020; Phase II/III started enrolling in May 2020
n/a
Ascletis / Chinese research sponsors
Ganovo (danoprevir), hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitor; ritonavir; interferon, approved in China to treat Hepatitis C
clinical
Small open label trial completed and results released in March 2020; Larger open label trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Ascletis / Chinese research sponsors
ASC09, HIV protease inhibitor
clinical
Phase III trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Atea Pharmaceuticals
AT-527, oral purine nucleotide prodrug
clinical
Phase II trial to start May 2020
n/a
Bausch Health
Virazole (ribavirin for inhalation solution)
clinical
Phase II recruiting May 2020; Individual patient expanded access
n/a
Beech Tree Labs
BTL-tml
clinical
FDA cleared trial July 2020, trial to start July/Aug 2020 with results available Fall 2020; Has been used in 36 patients anecdotally
n/a
BioCryst Pharmaceuticals
galidesivir
clinical
Phase Ib recruiting May 2020
n/a
Bukwang Pharm
Levovir (clevudine)
clinical
Phase II trial not yet recruiting
n/a
Fujifilm Toyama Chemical/ Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceuticals/ numerous trials with global research sponsors/ Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the University of Massachusetts Medical School/ Glenmark Pharmaceuticals
Favilavir/ Favipiravir/ T-705/ Avigan, licensed in Japan to treat influenza
clinical
Fuijfilm trial initial results released July 2020; Glenmark Phase III trial in India top-line results released July 2020 (Glenmark)
n/a
Gilead; World Health Organization SOLIDARITY trial; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)'s Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial; Feinstein Institutes; I-SPY COVID
remdesivir, nucleotide analog
clinical
Gilead releases additional data Phase III trial on July 10, 2020; Gilead's Phase Ia trial of inhalant version started July 2020; EU grants conditional authorization July 3, 2020; Gilead starting Phase II/III trial in pediatric patients in June 2020; FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on May 1, 2020; Expanded access protocols
n/a
Global hospital testing (AbbVie); World Health Organization SOLIDARITY trial (studying lopinavir/ ritonavir with and without interferon beta); University of Oxford RECOVERY trial; REMAP-CAP global trial
Kaletra/Aluvia (lopinavir/ritonavir), HIV-1 protease inhibitor
clinical
WHO discontinues lopinavir-ritonavir arm in the SOLIDARITY trial July 2020; RECOVERY trial results released June 2020 and stopped that trial arm
n/a
Hospital
Universitario Infanta Leonor/ Viiv Healthcare; Hospital General de México Dr.
Eduardo Liceaga; Rhode Island Hospital
Selzentry (maraviroc), a CCR5 co-receptor antagonist
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Hospital do Coracao
Sofusbuvir
clinical
Phase II/III trial not yet recruiting July 2020
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors
Prezcobix (darunavir, HIV-1 protease inhibitor/cobicistat, CYP3A inhibitor)
clinical
Phase III trials recruiting May 2020
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors
Arbidol (umifenovir), licensed in Russia and China for treatment of respiratory viral infections
clinical
Phase IV trials recruiting May 2020
n/a
NeuroActiva
Neurosivir (NA-831)
clinical
Phase II/III trial recruiting July 2020 (neurosivir); Phase I trial recruiting July 2020 (inhaled remdesevir + neurosivir)
n/a
Plan Nacional sobre el Sida
Truvada (emtricitabine and tenofovir, both HIV-1 nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
clinical
Phase III trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Ridgeback Biotherapeutics / Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory (DRIVE)/ Merck
EIDD-2801, oral ribonucleoside analog
clinical
Phase II trial started June 2020
n/a
Roche; REMAP-CAP global trial
Tamiflu (oseltamivir), neuraminidase inhibitor
clinical
REMAP-CAP trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Various
global research sponsors
Atazanavir, protease inhibitor
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Various
global research sponsors
Daklinza (daclatasvir), hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitor
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Agastiya Biotech
AB001
pre-clinical
Phase I to start in 2020
n/a
Anivive
Lifesciences
GC376, protease inhibitor
pre-clinical
n/a
Cidara Therapeutics
antiviral Fc conjugates
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Cocrystal Pharma
Antiviral compounds
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
ISR Immune System Regulation
ISR-50
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
SCORE consortium (universities of Aix-Marseille, Leuven, Utrecht, Bern, and Lubeck), the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, and Janssen Pharmaceutica NV
Antiviral drug combinations
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Selva Therapeutics
SLV213, cysteine protease inhibitor
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Stanford
University/ US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Prophylactic antiviral CRISPR in human cells (PAC-MAN)
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
ViralClear Pharmaceuticals
Vicromax, broad spectrum antiviral
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
Cell-Based Therapies
Cell-based therapies work by transferring into patients live cells to treat a specific disease. To make cell-based therapies, researchers take cells either from the patient (called “autologous” therapies) or from a donor (called “allogeneic”therapies) and either transfer the cells unchanged or change the cells in specific ways to treat a specific disease (e.g., CAR-T therapies). Different cell types from different sources can be used (e.g., stem cells from fat tissue or bone marrow, cells from placenta, T-cells, natural killer [NK] cells). To treat COVID-19 disease, potential cell-based therapies work, in general, by helping the patient’s immune system work better (and not overreact) by releasing signals to other cells in the body to coordinate a proper reaction to the infection and help healing.
AgenTus Therapeutics (Agenus)
AgenT-797, allogeneic invariant natural killer T cells
clinical
FDA cleared Phase I trial June 2020
n/a
Aspire Health Science
ACT-20, allogeneic cell preparation of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord tissue
clinical
Phase I/II trial FDA cleared June 2020
n/a
Athersys / The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
MultiStem, bone marrow stem cells
clinical
Phase II/III trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Caladrius Biosciences
CLBS119, autologous peripheral blood-derived CD34+ cell therapy
clinical
Phase II trial expected to start Q3 2020
n/a
Capricor Inc.
CAP-1002, allogenic cardiosphere-derived cells
clinical
Expanded access protocol trial ongoing May 2020
n/a
Cellenkos
CK0802, allogeneic cell therapy containing T-regulatory cells from umbilical cord blood processed to express lung homing markers on the cell surface
clinical
Two case reports released July 2020; FDA cleared Phase I trial July 2020
n/a
Celltex
Autologous Adipose-Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSCs) and allogeneic MSCs
clinical
FDA approves Phase II trial June 2020
n/a
Celularity/ Lung Biotechnology PBC
CYNK-001, allogeneic, natural killer cell therapy
clinical
Phase I/II study recruiting July 2020
n/a
Cynata Therapeutics
Mesenchymal stem cells
clinical
Phase II to start in July 2020 in Australia
n/a
Daewoong
DWP710, a mesenchymal stem cell therapy
clinical
Phase I trial started July 2020
n/a
Enlivex Therapeutics
Allocetra, early apopototic cells
clinical
Phase II trial started May 2020
n/a
Hope Biosciences
Allogenic, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HB-adMSCs)
clinical
Phase II started in April 2020
n/a
Lattice Biologics
AmnioBoost, concentrated allogeneic MSCs and cytokines derived from amniotic fluid
clinical
Phase I enrolling April 2020
n/a
Mesoblast/ Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network
Ryoncil (remestemcel-L), allogenic mesenchymal stem cells
clinical
Expanded access protocol started for children July 2020; Phase II/III trial started May 2020
n/a
Naturecell
Astrostem-V, Allogenic, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HB-adMSCs)
clinical
Phase I/IIa trial approved by South Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in March 2020
n/a
Numerous trials with global research sponsors
Mesenchymal stem cells
clinical
Phase I trials ongoing May 2020; Phase I/II trials recruiting May 2020; Phase II/III trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Pluristem Therapeutics/ BIH Center for Regenerative Therapy/ Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies
PLX cell product, placenta-based cell therapy
clinical
Phase 2 trial recruiting July 2020; Results from individual patient expanded access released in April 2020
n/a
Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel)
MSV_allo, allogenic mesenchymal stem cells
clinical
Phase
I/II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Therapeutic Solutions International
StemVacs, universal donor natural killer cell-based therapy
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Trustem Cell Therapy
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells
clinical
Phase II trial to start in Columbia in July 2020
n/a
Vitro Biopharma/ Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research
AlloRx stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchyma stem cell therapy
clinical
Individual expanded access results released July 2020; IND submitted to FDA April 2020
n/a
AgeX
Therapeutics/ ImStem Biotechnology
IMS001, human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hES-MSC)
pre-clinical
n/a
AlloVir / Baylor College of Medicine
Allogeneic T-cell therapies
pre-clinical
Phase I not yet recruiting July 2020
n/a
Baylx, Inc.
BX-U001, allogeneic umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
BioCardia
BCDA-4, bone marrow-derived allogenic neurokinin-1 receptor positive mesenchymal stem cells
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
CAR-T (Shanghai) Biotechnology
Dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Citius/Novellus
NoveCite cells (NC-MSCs), mesenchymal stem cells derived from a single donor's fibroblasts
pre-clinical
Phase I trial to start by end of 2020
n/a
Duke-NUS Medical School
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)/T cell receptors (TCR)-T cell therapy
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
GC LabCell / KLEO Pharmaceuticals
Natural killer cell-based therapy
pre-clinical
Begin Phase I by end of 2020
n/a
ImmunityBio / NantKwest
haNK, natural killer cells
pre-clinical
Pre-IND submitted to FDA in May 2020
n/a
ImmunityBio / NantKwest / Be The Match BioTherapies
Bone marrow-derived allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (BM-Allo-MSC)
pre-clinical
Phase Ib trial to start June 2020
n/a
Kangstem Biotech
Furestem RA, allogenic umbilical cord blood-derived stem cell therapy
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Regeneris Medical
Autologous Adipose-Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSCs)
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
SMSbiotech
Small mobile stem (SMS) cells
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Sentien Biotechnologies
SBI-101, biologic/device combo product with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and a phasmapheresis device
pre-clinical
Phase I/II trial to start August 2020
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
Devices
Not all potential therapies to treat COVID-19 are drugs. Some are devices or machines that in some way treat a disease. These potential treatments include blood purification devices that filter patients’ blood to remove excess proteins (e.g., cytokines causing the“cytokine storm”) or toxins that are causing problems that can lead to respiratory or organ failure in patients.
ALung Technologies
Hemolung Respiratory Assist System
clinical
pneum
n/a
Abiomed
Impella RP heart pump
clinical
FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on May 29, 2020
n/a
Baxter
Oxiris Blood Purification Filter
clinical
FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on April 23, 2020
n/a
Bellerophon; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
INOpulse
clinical
Phase III trial began July 2020; Expanded access trial ended July 2020
n/a
Beyond Air Ltd
LungFit (with ultra-high concentrations of nitric oxide)
clinical
Phase II trial enrolling July 2020
n/a
CytoSorbents Corporation
CytoSorb (blood purification device, extracorporeal cytokine adsorber))
clinical
Individual patient expanded access; FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on April 10, 2020
n/a
ExThera Medical
Seraph100MicrobindAffinity Blood Filter (Seraphy 100), approved in the EU for pathogen reduction
clinical
DOD to fund a multi-center trial June 2020; FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on April 17, 2020
n/a
Fresenius Medical
MultiFiltrate PRO System and multiBic/multiPlus Solutions, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)
clinical
FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on April 30, 2020
n/a
Terumo BCT Inc / Marker Therapeutics AG
Extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) devices
clinical
FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on April 9, 2020
n/a
electroCore
gammaCore Sapphire CV, vagus nerve stimulation device
clinical
FDA granted Emergency Use Authorization July 10, 2020
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
RNA-Based Treatments
RNA molecules carry instructions that tell our cells how to build the proteins they need. As disease treatments, modified (genetically altered) RNA molecules are given to patients that can block the making of specific harmful proteins (e.g.,antisense therapy) or make particular helpful proteins (e.g., mRNA therapy). To treat COVID-19, RNA-based therapies can, for example, interfere with the virus hijacking our cells to make more copies of itself by blocking the construction of viral proteins.
Mateon Therapeutics
OT-101, a TGF-Beta antisense drug candidate
clinical
Phase II study IND submitted to FDA on April 27, 2020
n/a
AIM ImmunoTech/ National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan/ Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
Ampligen; (rintatolimod)
pre-clinical
Phase I/II trial of Ampligen (rintatolimod), in combination with interferon alfa-2b, in cancer patients with COVID-19 not yet recruiting July 2020
n/a
Neurimmune / Ethris
Inhaled mRNA
pre-clinical
Phase I to start Q4 2020
n/a
Sarepta Therapeutics / US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)
Antisense oligonucleotides, peptide conjugated
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Sirnaomics
RNAi - testing 150 RNAis
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Vir Biotech / Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
VIR-2703 (ALN-COV) siRNA candidate
pre-clinical
Phase I to start by the end of 2020
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
Scanning Compounds to Repurpose
Research institutions and pharmaceutical companies have “libraries” of drug compounds discovered or made while exploring their potential to treat various diseases, some of which may have gone on to get FDA approval (and are used today to treat patients) and some of which stayed on laboratory shelves. When COVID-19 hit, many of these organizations started looking back at the drugs in these collections to see if they held something that might help. In addition, some researchers are using new technologies like artificial intelligence to try to use characteristics of the virus to find or design drugs that might successfully treat COVID-19.
Anixa Biosciences / OntoChem
Screening for antiviral drug candidates
pre-clinical
Initial in silico screening completed July 2020, testing identified compounds in pre-clincial studies July 2020
n/a
COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator
Scanning compound libraries
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Enanta Pharmaceuticals
Screening new drugs + library of antiviral compounds
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Exscalate4Cov,
public-private consortium
Screening a chemical library of 500 billion molecules
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Healx
Artificial intellegence-based screening to identify repurposed drug combinations
pre-clinical
Combinations will be ready for pre-clinical testing in May 2020
n/a
Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
Scanning library of antiviral compounds
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Materia Medica / Cyclica
Repurposing antiviral drug candidates
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Merck
Scanning compounds to repurpose
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Novartis
Scanning compounds to repurpose
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Nuritas
AI-based screening to identify a peptide cocktail
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Pfizer
Scanning antiviral compounds previously in development
pre-clinical
Lead candidate (protease inhibitor) to start Phase I trial in Q3 2020
n/a
Quantitative Biosciences Institute Coronavirus Research Group
Reviewing existing drugs and compounds through mapping viral-human protein interactions
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Queens University Belfast
Scanning compounds to repurpose
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, the University of Hong Kong, Scripps Research, UC San Diego School of Medicine, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and UCLA
Identifying drugs to repurpose
pre-clinical
Testing drugs ONO5344 and VBY825 July 2020; identified 30 known drugs that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication
n/a
Shionogi / Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control
Identify novel drugs
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Southwest Research Institute
Screening drug compounds
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Takeda
Scanning compounds to repurpose
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
The Castleman Disease Collaborative Network and the Center for Study & Treatment of Inflammatory Lymphadenopathies
Identifying drugs to repurpose
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Vanda Pharmaceuticals / University of Illinois at Chicago
Screening of drug compounds
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Vir Biotechnology / GSK
Identify anti-coronavirus compounds that target cellular host genes
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Wyss
Institute
Identify FDA-approved drugs to repurpose to prevent or treat COVID-19
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
Other
This “other” drug category is a catchall for anything that doesn’t fit neatly into the other product categories. These potential treatments vary widely in the ways they work, the diseases they treat (for those approved by the Food and Drug Administration [FDA]) or are in development to treat, and how they are given to patients. These drugs include things like steroids, malarial drugs, drugs that treat high blood pressure, cancer drugs, drugs that treat the over-reaction of the immune system seen in some COVID-19 patients (i.e., the “cytokine storm”), drugs that treat autoimmune diseases, and drugs that prevent blood clots.
I-SPY COVID Trial (Aerpio Pharmaceuticals)
Razoprotafib,
Tie 2 activating compound (AKB-9778)
clinical
Unknown
n/a
I-SPY COVID Trial (Allergan)
Cenicriviroc, chemokine receptor 2 and 5 dual antagonist
clinical
Unknown
n/a
I-SPY COVID Trial (Takeda)
Firazyr (icatibant), bradykinin B2 antagonist
clinical
Unknown
n/a
4D Pharma
MRx-4DP0004, strain of Bifidobacterium breve isolated from the gut microbiome of a healthy human
clinical
Phase II enrolling July 2020
n/a
ACCORD trial; University Hospital, Ghent/UCB Pharma
Zilucoplan, a synthetic macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of the terminal complement protein C5
clinical
Unknown
n/a
AI Therapeutics/ Yale University
LAM-002A (apilimod dimesylate), PIKfyve kinase inhibitor
clinical
Phase II trial started July 2020
n/a
ARMS Pharmaceutical / UH Cleveland Medical Center / Case Western Reserve University
ARMS-1
clinical
Trial starts April 2020
n/a
Aarhus University
senicapoc
clinical
Phase II trial ongoing July 2020
n/a
Abivax
ABX464
clinical
Phase IIb/III trial started July 2020, top line results expected in 2020
n/a
Aldeyra Therapeutics
ADX-629, orally available reactive aldehyde species (RASP) inhibitor
clinical
IND submission to FDA in June 2020
n/a
Aldeyra Therapeutics
ADX-1612, HSP 90 inhibitor
clinical
IND submission to FDA in Q3 2020
n/a
Algernon Pharmaceuticals
Cerocal (ifenprodil), NP-120, an NDMA receptor glutamate receptor antagonist targeting Glu2NB
clinical
Phase IIb/III trial to start July 2020
n/a
Amarin Corp
Vascepa (icosapent ethyl), a form of eicosapentaenoic acid
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Amgen; I-SPY COVID trial/Takeda/AbbieVie
Otezla (apremilast), inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4)
clinical
I-SPY COVID-19 TRIAL: An Adaptive Platform Trial for Critically Ill Patients (I-SPY_COVID) starts July 2020; Enrolling patients August 2020
n/a
Apeptico/ Medical University Vienna
solnatide (synthetic molecule with a structure based on the lectin-like domain of human Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha)
clinical
Phase II trials ongoing July 2020; Individual expanded access in Austria April 2020
n/a
Applied
Biology/ Brown University/ Corpometria Institute
dutasteride, anti-androgen
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Applied Therapeutics / numerous New York City hospitals
AT-001, aldose reductase inhibitor
clinical
Phase II recruiting July 2020; Individual patient expanded access
n/a
Arch Biopartners
Metablok (LSALT peptide), selective dipeptidase-1 antagonist
clinical
FDA and Health Canada approved Phase II trial start in June 2020
n/a
AstraZeneca/ Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; TACTIC-E trial studying dapagliflozin + ambrisentan
Farxiga (dapagliflozin), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLTs) inhibitor
clinical
Phase III study started in April 2020 (AstraZeneca)
n/a
AstraZeneca; ACCORD study
Calquence (acalabrutinib), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor
clinical
Case series results released June 2020; ACCORD Phase II trial to start May 2020
n/a
BerGenBio; ACCORD study
bemcentinib, selective AXL kinase inhibitor
clinical
ACCORD trial started June 2020, top line data expected summer 2020
n/a
Beth Israel Deaconess, the University of Colorado Anschultz Medical Campus, and Denver Health (Genentech); University College London; Boehringer Ingelheim
Activase (alteplase), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting; Individual patient expanded access
n/a
BioAegis Therapeutics Inc.
recombinant human plasma gelsolin (rhu-pGSN)
clinical
Phase II trial to start recruiting in Spain in July 2020
n/a
Biohaven/ Thomas Jefferson University
vazegepant, CGRP receptor antagonist
clinical
Phase II/III recruiting July 2020
n/a
Biomarck Pharmaceuticals
BIO-11006, inhaled peptide
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Blade Therapeutics
BLD-2660, synthetic small molecule inhibitor of calpain (CAPN) 1, 2, and 9
clinical
Unknown
n/a
CTI Biopharma
pacritinib, oral kinase inhibitor with specificity for JAK2, IRAK1 and CSFIR
clinical
Phase III trial recruiting July 2020, results expected by the end of 2020
n/a
CalciMedica
Auxora (CM4620-IE), calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel inhibitor
clinical
Open label phase II trial top line data released July 2020; Phase II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Can-Fite BioPharma
piclidenoson, A3 adenosine receptor agonist
clinical
IND (investigational new drug application) expected to be filed with FDA by end of July 2020
n/a
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital
Entresto (sacubitril, a neprilysin inhibitor, and valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker)
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Chimerix
DSTAT (dociparstat sodium), glycosaminoglycan derivative of heparin
clinical
Phase II/III trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals / University of Edinburgh
fadraciclib (CYC065), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2/9 inhibitor
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals / University of Edinburgh
roscovitine seliciclib, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2/9 inhibitor
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Dompe farmaceutici (as part of Exscalate4CoV)
raloxifene (Evista), an estrogen agonist/antagonist
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Eagle Pharmaceuticals / Amneal Pharmaceuticals / Alcami Corporation / Hackensack University Medical Center
Ryanodex (dantrolene sodium), skeletal muscle relaxant
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Inc./ Johns Hopkins University
Peginterferon lambda
clinical
Phase II began in April 2020
n/a
Eisai
Eritoran, TLR-4 antagonist
clinical
Added to REMAP-COVID trial in June 2020
n/a
Evelo Biosciences/ Rutgers University/ Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital/ TACTIC-E trial (Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)
EDP1815, oral single strain of microbe
clinical
Part of Phase II/III Phase TACTIC-E trial and interim data expected 4Q 2020; Phase II US trial to start August 2020
n/a
Exvastat Ltd / Global sponsors
Gleevac (imatinib), kinase inhibitor
clinical
Phase II and Phase III trials recruiting July 2020
n/a
FSD
Pharma
FSD-201 (ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide)
clinical
Phase I topline results released June 2020
n/a
Faron Pharmaceuticals / REMAP-CAP global trial / WHO SOLIDARITY trial/ various global researchers
Traumakine (interferon beta 1-a)
clinical
Results from various trials released June 2020; REMAP-CAP trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health/ Alchem
Pepcid (famotidine), histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist
clinical
Phase II study underway in April 2020
n/a
Fulcrum
Therapeutics
losmapimod, oral selective p38 mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor
clinical
Phase III trial to begin June 2020
n/a
Genentech
MSTT1041A (anti-ST2, the receptor for IL-33)
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Genentech
UTTR1147A (IL-22-Fc)
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Center (CIGB), Cuba
CIGB-258, immunoregulatory peptide
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Global research sponsors
TD139, specific inhibitor of galectin-3, inhalation powder
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Heron Therapeutics
Cinvanti (aprepitant), a substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Immunic, Inc.
IMU-838, selective oral dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor
clinical
Phase II trial started June 2020, top line results expected in 2020
n/a
ImmunityBio / NantKwest
N-803, IL-15 "superagonist" (Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept)
clinical
Phase Ib trial to start June 2020
n/a
Innovation Pharmaceuticals
Brilacidin, a defensin mimetic
clinical
Phase II trial anticipated to start Q4 2020
n/a
Inotrem
Nangibotide
clinical
Phaes II trial cleared by FDA, French and Belgian authorities July 2020
n/a
Insmed Inc.
brensocatib, oral, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1)
clinical
Phase III trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Merck KGaA); IRCCS San Raffaele; WHO global SOLIDARITY Trial
Rebif (interferon beta-1a)
clinical
Phase III trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
KD Pharma / SLA Pharma
EPAspire, oral formulation of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid free fatty acid (EPA-FFA) in gastro-resistant capsules
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Karyopharm Therapeutics
Xpovio (selinexor), oral, selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound
clinical
Phase II trial ongoing July 2020
n/a
King's College London
Flarin (lipid ibuprofen)
clinical
Phase IV trial recruiting in July 2020
n/a
Kintor/ Applied Biology
proxalutamide (GT0918), anti-androgen
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Laurent Pharmaceuticals
LAU-7b (fenretinide)
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Massachusetts General Hospital; University of British Columbia; Sanotize Research and Development
Nitric oxide
clinical
Massachusetts General Hospital Phase II trial ongoing July 2020; other Phase II trials recruiting July 2020
n/a
MediciNova/ Yale
MN-166 (ibudilast), orally bioavailable, small molecule macrophase migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibitor and phosphodiesterase (PDE) -4 and -10 inhibitor
clinical
Phase II trial FDA approved and not yet recruiting July 2020
n/a
MedinCell/ University of Utah/ Surgisphere Corp; University of Baghdad; Tanta University; other global research sponsors
ivermectin
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors
Cozaar (losartan), angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
clinical
Gates Foundation trial results expected by end of summer 2020
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors
Diovan (valsartan), angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
clinical
Veterans observational study ongoing July 2020; Phase IV trials recruiting July 2020
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors, including UK SPIKE-1 trial
camostat mesylate, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) inhibitor, approved in Japan to treat multiple conditions including pancreatitis
clinical
Phase I/II, Phase II, and Phase III trials recruiting in May 2020
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors, including University of Tokyo/ National Center for Global Health and Medicine/ Ensysce Biosciences/ Institut Pasteur Korea/ Daiichi Sankyo (inhalation formulation)/ University of Edinburgh
nafamostat, approved in Japan to treat pancreatitis and other diseases
clinical
University of Tokyo trial (IV formulation) starts April 2020; Ensysce trial will be with oral formulation
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors; ACCORD Trial
heparin; low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin), anticoagulant
clinical
Unknown
n/a
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID)'s Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial; Nova Scotia Health Authority; Hospital of Prato; University of Colorado (Eli Lilly); TACTIC-R trial
Olumiant (baricitinib), Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor
clinical
Eli Lilly Phase III trial started June 2020; NIAID trial remdesivir + baricitinib recruiting May 2020
n/a
NeoImmune Tech/ NIAID / University of Nebraska Medical Center
NT-I7 (efineptakin alfa), long-acting human IL-7
clinical
Phase I trial cleared by FDA July 2020
n/a
NeuroRx/ Relief Therapeutics/ Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/ NYU Langone Health/ Houston Methodist Hospital
Aviptadil, synthetic form of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (RLF-100)
clinical
Phase II/III trial ongoing July 2020; FDA grants Fast Track Designation June 2020; Expanded access protocols
n/a
Novartis / Incyte, numerous researchers globally
Jakafi/jakavi (ruxolitinib)
clinical
Novartis/Incyte Phase III trial started April 2020; Expanded access protocols
n/a
Noveome Biotherapeutics/ Singota Solutions
ST266, cell-free biologic made from anti-inflammatory proteins secreted by placental cells
clinical
Phase I/II to start in Q4 2020
n/a
Noxopharm
Veyonda (idronoxil)
clinical
Phase I started July 2020
n/a
Numerous global sponsors
Recombinant human interferon alpha-1b
clinical
Phase III trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Numerous research sponsors globally
colchicine
clinical
Open-label Greek study results published June 2020
n/a
Numerous research sponsors globally
dipyridamole (Persantine), anticoagulant
clinical
Phase II recruiting July 2020; Individual patient expanded access
n/a
Numerous trials with global research sponsors including World Health Organization SOLIDARITY trial; ORCHID trial with National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); REMAP-CAP global trial; Novartis; PRINCIPLE trial
Chloroquine/ Hydroxychloroquine, antimalarial
clinical
Brazilian study results released July 2020; Univ. of Minnesota early, mild outpatient trial results released July 2020; Prevention studies continue in Asia; NIH study stopped in June 2020; Novartis discontinues trial due to feasibility of recruitment in June 2020; WHO discontinues hydroxychloquine arm in the SOLIDARITY trial July 2020; FDA revoked the March 28, 2020 Emergency Use Authorization on June 15, 2020; RECOVERY trial prelim results released June 2020, trial arm stopped
n/a
Numerous trials with research sponsors globally; University of Oxford RECOVERY trial; REMAP-CAP global trial; Covis Pharma B.V.
Methylprednisolone/ ciclesonide (Alvesco)/ hydrocortisone/ corticosteroids
clinical
Japan approves dexmethasone as COVID treatment July 2020; RECOVERY trial results released (dexamethasone) June/July 2020
n/a
OncoImmune
CD24Fc, biological immunomodulator (nonpolymorphic regions of CD24 attached to the Fc region of human IgG1)
clinical
Phase III trial progress report released in June 2020
n/a
Organicell
Regenerative Medicine
Organicell Flow, acellular product derived from amniotic fluid
clinical
Phase I/II trial cleared by FDA in May 2020; Individual expanded access results released May 2020
n/a
Orpheris
(Ashvattha Therapeutics)
OP-101, dendrimer-based therapy
clinical
FDA agreed to Phase II June 2020
n/a
PTC Therapeutics
PTC299, oral small molecule inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)
clinical
Phase 2/3 trial to start in June 2020
n/a
Panoptes Pharma GmbH
PP-001
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Partner Therapeutics/ Singapore General Hospital/ University Hospital, Ghent
Leukine (sargramostim, rhu-Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor )
clinical
Phase II and Phase IV trials recruiting July 2020
n/a
Pfizer; other global research sponsors
Xeljanz (tofacitinib), Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor
clinical
Pfizer and other Phase II trial not yet recruiting July 2020
n/a
PharmaMar/ Boryung Pharmaceutical/ Hospitals in Spain
Aplidin (plitidepsin), approved in Australia to treat multiple myeloma
clinical
Phase I trial recruiting July 2020; Trials in Korea to start 3Q 2020
n/a
Pharming
Ruconest (recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor)
clinical
Phase II trial not yet recruiting July 2020; compassionate use
n/a
PhaseBio
PB1046, long-acting, sustained release human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) analogue
clinical
Phase II trial started July 2020 and results in Q4 2020
n/a
Pulmotect
PUL-042 inhalation solution
clinical
Phase II trials recruiting July 2020
n/a
RECOVERY trial and multiple global research sponsors
azithromycin, antibiotic
clinical
Unknown
n/a
REMAP-CAP trial
Levaquin (levofloxacin), a fluoroquinolone antibacterial
clinical
Unknown
n/a
REMAP-CAP trial
ceftriaxone, broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic
clinical
Unknown
n/a
RedHill Biopharma
Yeliva (opaganib, ABC294640), oral sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2) selective inhibitor
clinical
Phase II/III trials in Russia and UK to start in July 2020; Phase IIa in US ongoing in July 2020; Preliminary data from individual patient expanded access released in April 2020
n/a
RedHill Biopharma/ NIAID
RHB-107 (upamostat, WX-671), serine protease inhibitor
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Resverlogix
apabetalone (RVX-208), selective BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) inhibitor
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Romark Laboratories; various researchers globally
nitazoxanide, antiprotozoal
clinical
Phase II/III and Phase III trials recruiting July 2020
n/a
SciTech Development, LLC
ST-001 nanoFenretinide (fenretinide)
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Sun
Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
AQCH, plant-derived (phytopharmaeutical) drug
clinical
Phase II trial started June 2020, results expected by October
n/a
Swedish Orphan Biovitrum/ REMAP-CAP global trial/ Numerous global trial sponsors
Kineret (anakinra), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
clinical
Some trial results released June 2020
n/a
Synairgen/ University of Southampton
SNG001, inhaled formulation of interferon beta-1a
clinical
Phase II trial initial results released July 2020
n/a
Union Therapeutics/ Institute Pasteur Korea/ Daewoong Therapeutics; First Wave Bio
UNI9011 (Union Therapeutics), FW-1022 (First Wave Bio), DWRX2003 (Daewoong) niclosamide
clinical
Danish Medicines Agency approved a Phase I trial July 2020 (UN9011, Union Therapeutics); Daewoong to apply for Phase I trial in Korea in July 2020
n/a
University of Alabama at Birmingham; Leading Biosciences
Lysteda/Cyklokapron/LB1148 (tranexamic acid), an antifibrinolytic
clinical
Phase II recruiting July 2020
n/a
University of British Columbia/Apeiron Biologics
APN01; recombinant soluble human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
University of Hawaii (Boehringer Ingelheim); other global research sponsors
Micardis (telmisartan)
clinical
Phase II Univ. of Hawaii trial started June 2020
n/a
Vanda Pharmaceuticals / Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health
tradipitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
clinical
Phase III trial started in April 2020
n/a
Various global research sponsors
Aldactone (spironolactone), aldosterone antagonist
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Various researchers globally, including University of Oxford
almitrine
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Various researchers worldwide, including Ashford and St Peters Hospital NHS Trust/ Guangdong Uni-Innovation Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.
leflunomide, pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Various researchers worldwide, including University College London/ The Francis Crick Institute (COVASE study)/ I-SPY COVID trial
Pulmozyme (nebulised dornase alfa), a recombinant DNase enzyme
clinical
Phase III trials recruiting June 2020
n/a
Vicore Pharma
VP01, Angiotensin II Type 2 receptor activator
clinical
Unknown
n/a
ViralClear Pharmaceuticals
merimepodib, IMPDH inhibitor
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
Luvox (fluvoxamine), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Zydus Cadila Group; The Camelot Foundation
interferon/peginterferon alpha-2b, PegIntron, Sylatron, IntronA, PegiHep
clinical
Phase II/III enrolling May 2020
n/a
Zydus Cadila/ Avant Sante Research Center
desidustat, a hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor
clinical
Phase IIb trials approved to start in Mexico July 2020
n/a
aTyr
ATYR1923, fusion protein (immuno-modulatory domain of histidyl tRNA synthetase fused to the Fc region of a human antibody) modulator of neuropilin-2
clinical
Phase II study started in June 2020
n/a
BioIncept
sPIF (synthetic pre implantation factor)
pre-clinical
Preparing for a Phase I/IIa trial in May 2020
n/a
Bioxytran
BXT-25; glycoprotein
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
CEL-SCI / University of Georgia Center for Vaccines and Immunology
LEAPS COVID 19 conjugate; Peptides targeting the NP protein
pre-clinical
Animal study results released July 2020
n/a
Chelation Partners
DIBI, iron-binding polymer
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Hebrew
University of Jerusalem
Tricor (fenofibrate), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist
pre-clinical
n/a
Lupa Bio, Inc.
New drug based on a sugar found in human milk
pre-clinical
Plans to sumit an IND in 2020
n/a
Merck KGaA
M5049, small molecule that block the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR8
pre-clinical
FDA cleared Phase II trial to begin in June 2020
n/a
Merck/ IRBM
Peptides
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Moleculin Biotech/ University of Texas Medical Branch/ Sterling Pharma USA
WP1122, glucose decoy prodrug (and related drug candidates)
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
NanoViricides/ TheraCour Pharma Inc.
A number of synthesized nanoviricide drug candidates
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Nocion Therapeutics
Nocions, molecules that either selectively block Nav 1.7 or antagonize large-pore channels
pre-clinical
Phase I trial to start July 2020
n/a
Persephone Biosciences
Microbiome therapeutic
pre-clinical
Clinical trials to start in 2020
n/a
Pneumagen Ltd.
Neumifil, multivalent carbohydrate binding molecules
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Quotient Sciences/ CytoAgents
GP1681, small molecule inhibitor of cytokine release
pre-clinical
Phase I/II to start in 2020
n/a
Silkim Pharma
Coronzot, a novel family of drugs, sequestration of the labile iron
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
pHbarrier
pH barrier, transepithelial nebulized alkaline treatment
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
Vaccines
A successful vaccine would be able to protect the population from COVID-19. Developers from around the world are using different platforms, from tested ways to induce immunity in a vaccinated person (e.g., live attenuated virus vaccines), to innovative platforms never used before (e.g., DNA-based vaccines), to build vaccines to protect people against COVID-19 disease. Each type offers unique benefits and challenges and we will likely need more than one approved vaccine to vaccinate every person around the globe.
DNA-Based
DNA-based vaccines work by inserting a genetically engineered blueprint of viral gene(s) into small DNA molecules (called plasmids) for injection into vaccinated people.Cells take in the DNA plasmids and follow their instructions to build viral proteins, which the immune system recognizes as foreign, triggering the immune response that protects against the disease.
Genexine Consortium (GenNBio, International Vaccine Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)/ Binex/ PT Kalbe Pharma
DNA vaccine (GX-19)
stage-1
Osaka University/ AnGes/ Takara Bio/ Cytiva
DNA plasmid, vaccine + adjuvant
stage-1
Inovio Pharmaceuticals/Beijing Advaccine Biotechnology/VGXI Inc./ Richter-Helm BioLogics/Ology Bioservices
DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation; INO-4800
stage-1
Zydus Cadila Healthcare Limited
DNA plasmid (ZyCoV-D)
stage-1
Takis/ Applied DNA Sciences/ Evvivax
DNA
pre-clinical
Statens Serum Institute, Denmark
DNA plasmid, CoVAXIX
pre-clinical
Ege University
DNA
pre-clinical
Scancell/ University of Nottingham/ Nottingham Trent University
DNA plasmid vaccine RBD&N;
pre-clinical
Mediphage Bioceuticals/ University of Waterloo
msDNA vaccine
pre-clinical
Entos Pharmaceuticals/ Cytiva
DNA; Covigenix
pre-clinical
National
Research Centre, Egypt
DNA plasmid vaccine S, S1, S2, RBD & N
pre-clinical
Chula Vaccine Research Center
DNA with electroporation
pre-clinical
Symvivo
bacTRL-Spike
pre-clinical
Immunomic Therapeutics / EpiVax / PharmaJet
DNA plasmid, needle-free delivery
pre-clinical
BioNet Asia
DNA
pre-clinical
OPENCORONA - Cobra Biologics / Karolinska Institute
DNA with electroporation
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Inactivated Virus
This type of vaccine consists of the disease-causing virus that has been killed (with heat or chemicals), so it won’t make you sick, and can be used in people that may not be able to use a live attenuated virus vaccine (e.g., those who are immunocompromised). In general, inactivated virus vaccines do not provide as strong of an immune response as live attenuated virus vaccines, so additional doses of the vaccine may be needed to get a strong enough immune response. Still, they may be safer for some people.
Sinovac/ Instituto Butantan
Inactivated (inactivated + alum); CoronaVac (formerly PiCoVacc)
stage-3
Beijing Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm
Inactivated
stage-3
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm
Inactivated
stage-3
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Inactivated
stage-2
Bharat Biotech/ Indian Council of Medical Research/ National Institute of Virology
Whole-Virion Inactivated (COVAXIN)
stage-1
Erciyes University
Inactivated
pre-clinical
Selcuk University
Inactivated
pre-clinical
KM Biologics
Inactivated (inactivated + alum)
pre-clinical
Valneva/ Dynavax
Inactivated (Inactivated + CpG 1018), VLA2001
pre-clinical
National Research Centre, Egypt
Inactivated whole virus
pre-clinical
Sinovac/ Dynavax
Inactivated (inactivated + CpG 1018)
pre-clinical
Osaka University / BIKEN / NIBIOHN
Inactivated
pre-clinical
Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Republic of Kazakhstan
Inactivated
pre-clinical
Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Inactivated
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Live Attenuated Virus
In contrast to inactivated virus vaccines, these vaccines, also whole viruses, are live to elicit a stronger immune response but weakened to reduce virulence. Examples include those for measles, mumps, and tuberculosis.
Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University/ Acıbadem Labmed Health Services A.S.
Codon deoptimized live attenuated vaccines
pre-clinical
Meissa Vaccines
MV-014-210
pre-clinical
Indian Immunologicals Ltd/ Griffith University
Codon deoptimized live attenuated virus
pre-clinical
Codagenix / Serum Institute of India
Codon deoptimized live attenuated virus
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Non-Replicating Viral Vector
This approach is similar to replicating viral vector vaccines in that a viral gene is added to a different, non-replicating, virus and delivered to the vaccine recipient. No approved product of this kind has resulted to date.
Consortium of the Jenner Institute, Oxford Biomedica, University of Oxford, Vaccines Manufacturing and Innovation Centre, Pall Life Sciences, Cobra Biologics, HalixBV, Advent s.r.l., Merck KGaA, the Serum Institute, Vaccitech, and AstraZeneca/IQVIA
Non-replicating viral vector; AZD 1222 (formerly ChAdOx1)
stage-3
CanSino Biologics/Beijing Institute of Biotechnology/ Canada's National Research Council
Non-replicating viral vector; Adenovirus Type 5 vector (Ad5-nCoV)
stage-2
Gamaleya Research Institute
Adeno-based (Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo)
stage-1
Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies/ Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/ Emergent BioSolutions/ Catalent
Ad26.COV2-S, Non replicating viral vector; Ad26 (alone or with MVA boost)
stage-1
ImmunityBio/ NantKwest
Non-replicating viral vector; [E1-, E2b-, E3-] hAd5-COVID19-Spike/Nucleocapsid
pre-clinical
Erciyes University
Adeno5-based
pre-clinical
Ankara University
Adenovirus-based
pre-clinical
ID Pharma
Sendai virus vector
pre-clinical
DZIF - German Center for Infection Research/ IDT Biologika GmbH
Non-replicating viral vector; MVA-S encoded
pre-clinical
National
Research Centre, Egypt
Influenza A H1N1 vector
pre-clinical
Valo Therapeutics Ltd
Adenovirus-based + HLA-matched peptides (Pan-Corona)
pre-clinical
University of Manitoba
Non-replicating viral vector; dendritic cell-based vaccine
pre-clinical
University of Georgia/ University of Iowa
Non-replicating viral vector; parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-based vaccine expressing the spike protein
pre-clinical
Stabilitech Biopharma Ltd
Oral Ad5 S
pre-clinical
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)/ GPO, Thailand
Inactivated Flu-based SARS-CoV2 vaccine + Adjuvant
pre-clinical
IDIBAPS- Hospital Clinic, Spain
MVA-S
pre-clinical
GeoVax / BravoVax
Non-replicating viral vector; MVA encoded VLP
pre-clinical
Greffex
Non-replicating viral vector; Ad5 S (GREVAX™ platform)
pre-clinical
Centro Nacional Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Spain
Non-replicating viral vector, MVA expressing structural proteins
pre-clinical
Bharat Biotech/ Thomas Jefferson University
Recombinant deactivated rabies virus containing S1
pre-clinical
Vaxart / Emergent BioSolutions
Non-replicating viral vector; Oral Vaccine
platform
pre-clinical
ReiThera/ Leukocare/ Univercells
Non-replicating viral vector; replication defective simian adenovirus (GRAd) encoding SARS-CoV-2 S
pre-clinical
Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center at Mass. Eye and Ear/ AveXis, a Novartis Company/ Viralgen/ Aldevron/ Catalent/ Penn Medicine
AAVCOVID, Adeno-associated viral vector (AAV), spike protein
pre-clinical
Altimmune / University of Alabama at Birmingham
AdCOVID; single-dose, intranasal vaccine; non replicating viral vector; adenovirus-based NasoVAX expressing spike protein
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Protein Subunit
Rather than introducing whole viruses to an immune system, a fragment of the virus is used to trigger an immune response and stimulate immunity. Examples include the subunit vaccines against hepatitis B and shingles.
Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/ Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer)
stage-2
University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus
Protein subunit; molecular clamp stabilized Spike protein with MF59 adjuvant
stage-1
Novavax/ Emergent BioSolutions/ Praha Vaccines/Serum Institute of India/ AGC Biologics/ Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies
Protein subunit; Full-length recombinant SARS COV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M (NVX-CoV2373)
stage-1
Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./ GSK/ Dynavax
Protein subunit, native like trimeric subunit spike protein
stage-1
Vaxine Pty Ltd/ Flinders University/ Oracle/ Medytox/ Sypharma
Protein subunit; recombinant spike protein with Advax adjuvant (COVAX-19)
stage-1
Sanofi Pasteur/ GSK
Protein subunit; S protein, baculovirus production
pre-clinical
Research
Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan
Protein subunit
pre-clinical
Kentucky BioProcessing (British American Tobacco)
RBD-based
pre-clinical
Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp/ NIAID/ Dynavax
S-2 P protein + CpG 1018
pre-clinical
Mynvax
RBD-protein
pre-clinical
ImmunoPrecise/ LiteVax BV
Spike-based (epitope screening)
pre-clinical
IMV, Inc., Canadian Center for Vaccinology at Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam Health Center, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Canadian Immunization Research Network, University of Laval, Global Urgent and Advanced Research and Development in Canada
Protein subunit; DPX-COVID-19, protein subunit, peptide antigens formulated in LNP
pre-clinical
InnoMedica
Protein subunit, TaliCoVax19
pre-clinical
Bogazici University
Peptide + novel adjuvant
pre-clinical
Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center
Recombinant S protein
pre-clinical
University of Virginia
S subunit intranasal liposomal formulation with GLA/3M052 adjs.
pre-clinical
National
Research Centre, Egypt
Protein Subunit S, N, M & S1 protein
pre-clinical
Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso & Trinity Immonoefficient Laboratory, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Subunit
pre-clinical
Baiya Phytopharm/ Chula Vaccine Research Center
Plant-based subunit (RBD-Fc + Adjuvant)
pre-clinical
Intravacc/Epivax
Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV)-subunit
pre-clinical
University of San Martin and CONICET, Argentina
Protein subunit
pre-clinical
Yisheng Biopharma
Protein subunit, recombinant protein
pre-clinical
WRAIR / USAMRIID
Protein subunit; S protein
pre-clinical
Verndari/ University of California, Davis
Spike protein; VaxiPatch microneedle array dermal patch
pre-clinical
Vabiotech
Protein subunit, recombinant S protein in IC-BEVS
pre-clinical
Vaxil Bio
Protein subunit; peptide
pre-clinical
University of Alberta
Protein subunit; spike based
pre-clinical
University of California, San Diego
Protein subunit; plant virus nanotechnology formulated as injectable and microneedle patch
pre-clinical
St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums
Protein subunit, recombinant protein, nanoparticles (based on S-protein and other epitopes)
pre-clinical
Quadram Institute Biosciences
OMV-based vaccine
pre-clinical
MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, GC Pharma
Protein subunit
pre-clinical
LakePharma, Inc.
Protein subunit, nanoparticle vaccine
pre-clinical
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Structurally modified spherical particles of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
pre-clinical
Neovii/Tel Aviv University
RBD-based
pre-clinical
National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan
Protein subunit, S protein + adjuvant
pre-clinical
Osaka University / BIKEN / National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Japan
Protein subunit, VLP-recombinant protein + adjuvant
pre-clinical
OncoGen
Protein subunit, synthetic long peptide vaccine candidate for S and M proteins
pre-clinical
MIGAL Galilee Research Institute
Protein subunit; oral E. coli-based protein expression system of S and N proteins
pre-clinical
PDS Biotechnology
PDS-0203; Versamune T-cell activating technology
pre-clinical
Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
Targeted (Langerhans cell specific) protein subunit; spike based
pre-clinical
Intravacc/Epivax
Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV)-peptide
pre-clinical
Innovax / Xiamen University / GSK
Protein subunit; COVID-19 XWG-03 truncated Spike proteins
pre-clinical
iBio / CC-Pharming
Protein subunit; Subunit protein, plant produced
pre-clinical
Heat Biologics (Zolovax)/ University of Miami/ Waisman Biomanufacturing
Protein subunit (gp-96 backbone)
pre-clinical
FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo
Protein subunit; subunit vaccine
pre-clinical
ExpreS2ion
Protein subunit, drosophila S2 insect cell expression system VLPs
pre-clinical
FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo
Protein subunit; peptide vaccine
pre-clinical
Generex / EpiVax
Protein subunit; Ii-Key peptide
pre-clinical
Flow Pharma
Protein subunit, peptide
pre-clinical
EpiVax / University of Georgia
Protein subunit; S protein
pre-clinical
EpiVax
Protein subunit EPV-CoV-19
pre-clinical
AnyGo Technology
Protein subunit, recombinant S1-Fc fusion protein
pre-clinical
BiOMVis Srl/ University of Trento
OMV-based vaccine
pre-clinical
Baylor College of Medicine
Protein subunit; S1 or RBD protein
pre-clinical
Biological E Ltd
Protein subunit; adjuvanted protein subunit (RBD)
pre-clinical
Applied Biotechnology Institute, Inc.
Orally delivered, heat stable subunit
pre-clinical
Axon Neuroscience SE
Peptides derived from Spike protein
pre-clinical
Chulalongkorn University/ GPO, Thailand
RBD protein fused with Fc of IgG + Adjuvant
pre-clinical
AJ Vaccines
Protein subunit; S protein
pre-clinical
University of Pittsburgh
PittCoVacc, Protein subunit, microneedle arrays S1 subunit
pre-clinical
University of Cambridge / DIOSynVax
Protein subunit; S protein
pre-clinical
VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan
Protein subunit, adjuvanted microsphere peptide
pre-clinical
PREVENT-nCoV consortium (AdaptVac, Institute for Tropical Medicine at University of Tubingen, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Copenhagen, ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies, Wageningen University)/ Bavarian Nordic
Protein subunit, capsid-like particle (CLP)
pre-clinical
UMN Pharma (Shionogi)
Protein subunit; recombinant protein vaccine, utilizing baculovirus expression vector system technology
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Replicating Viral Vector
This involves putting a gene for a viral protein into a different virus (one that will not cause illness but can replicate). Replication of the viral vector also produces copies of the viral protein, which triggers an immune response to that protein. Examples include ebola and dengue vaccines.
Institut Pasteur/ Themis/ University of Pittsburgh/ Merck
Replicating viral vector; measles vector (V591)
pre-clinical
Aurobindo
VSV-S
pre-clinical
Zydus Cadila Healthcare Limited
Replicating viral vector; measles vector
pre-clinical
DZIF - German Center for Infection Research/ CanVirex AG
Measles virus (S, N targets)
pre-clinical
Israel
Institute for Biological Research/ Weizmann Institute of Science
VSV-S
pre-clinical
The University of Hong Kong
Replicating viral vector, influenza vector expressing RBD
pre-clinical
The Lancaster University, UK
Avian paramyxovirus vector (APMV)
pre-clinical
University of Western Ontario
Replicating viral vector; VSV-S
pre-clinical
Tonix Pharma / Southern Research
Replicating viral vector; horsepox vector expressing S protein; TNX-1800
pre-clinical
KU Leuven
Replicating viral vector; YF17D Vector
pre-clinical
Intravacc/ Wageningen Bioveterinary Research/Utrecht Univ.
Newcastle disease virus vector (NDV-SARS-CoV-2/Spike)
pre-clinical
FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo
Replicating viral vector; measles vector
pre-clinical
Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz and Instituto Buntantan
Attenuated Influenza expressing an antigenic portion of the Spike protein
pre-clinical
FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo
Replicating viral vector; VSV vector
pre-clinical
BIOCAD / IEM
Replicating viral vector, live viral vectored vaccine based on attenuated influenza virus backbone (intranasal)
pre-clinical
FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo
Replicating viral vector, recombinant vaccine based on Influenza A virus, for the prevention of COVID-19 (intranasal)
pre-clinical
University of Wisconsin-Madison / FluGen/ Bharat Biotech
M2-deficient single replication (M2SR) influenza vector
pre-clinical
IAVI/ Merck
Replicating viral vector, replication-competent VSV chimeric virus technology (VSVdeltaG) delivering the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
RNA-Based Vaccine
Similar to DNA vaccines, these experimental vaccines provide immunity through introduction of genetic material (RNA). RNA vaccines can also be potentially developed more quickly and easily than other vaccines. No RNA vaccines have been approved for human use.
BioNTech/ Fosun Pharma/ Pfizer
3 LNP-mRNAs; BNT162
stage-3
Moderna/ NIAID/ Lonza/ Catalent/ Rovi/ Medidata
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA 1273)
stage-3
Vaccine Test
ipsum 2
stage-1half2
People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/ Walvax Biotech
mRNA (ARCoV)
stage-1
CureVac
RNA; mRNA
stage-1
Imperial College London/ VacEquity Global Health
RNA; LNP-nCoVsaRNA
stage-1
Arcturus/Duke-NUS/ Catalent
LUNAR-COV19; RNA; mRNA
pre-clinical
Elixirgen Therapeutics
srRNA (EXG-5003)
pre-clinical
Gennova
Self-amplifying
RNA
pre-clinical
Selcuk University
mRNA
pre-clinical
Chula Vaccine Research Center/University of Pennsylvania
LNP-mRNA
pre-clinical
Chimeron Bio/ George Mason University's National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease
Self amplifying RNA, self-assembling delivery system
pre-clinical
Ziphius Therapeutics/ Ghent University
RNA; ZIP-1642, vaccine consists of a combination of mRNA molecules, encoding multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens
pre-clinical
University of Tokyo / Daiichi-Sankyo
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA
pre-clinical
RNAimmune, Inc.
RNA; several mRNA candidates
pre-clinical
Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
mRNA in targeted LPNs (Langerhans cell specific)
pre-clinical
GeneOne Life Science / Houston Methodist
RNA
pre-clinical
Greenlight Biosciences
mRNA
pre-clinical
Fudan University / Shanghai JiaoTong University / RNACure Biopharma
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding RBD
pre-clinical
IDIBAPS- Hospital Clinic, Spain
mRNA
pre-clinical
Fudan University / Shanghai JiaoTong University / RNACure Biopharma
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding VLP
pre-clinical
China CDC / Tongji University / Stermina
RNA; mRNA
pre-clinical
FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo
RNA; mRNA
pre-clinical
Centro Nacional Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Spain
RNA; Replicating defective SARS-CoV-2 derived RNAs
pre-clinical
CanSino Biologics/Precision Nanosystems
RNA; mRNA lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP)
pre-clinical
Sanofi Pasteur / Translate Bio
LNP-mRNA
pre-clinical
eTheRNA Immunotherapies / EpiVax/ Nexelis/ REPROCELL / Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination of the University of Antwerp
RNA; mRNA in an intranasal delivery system (cross-strain protective COV-2 mRNA) vaccine for high-risk populations
pre-clinical
BIOCAD
RNA; liposome-encapsulated mRNA
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Virus-Like Particle
Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines closely resemble viruses but are non-infectious because they contain no viral genetic material. Since VLPs cannot replicate, they provide a safer alternative to attenuated viruses. Examples include the HPV vaccine.
Medicago Inc.
VLP; plant-derived VLP adjuvanted with GSK or Dynavax adjs.
stage-1
Bezmialem Vakif University
VLP
pre-clinical
Medicago
Inc./ GSK
VLP (CoVLP)+ Adjuvant
pre-clinical
Medicago Inc./ Dynavax
VLP (CoVLP)+ Adjuvant (CpG 1018)
pre-clinical
Middle East Technical University
VLP
pre-clinical
OSIVAX
VLP (COVID-19 and SARS1)
pre-clinical
Doherty Institute
VLP; unknown
pre-clinical
VBI Vaccines / National Research Council of Canada
Enveloped virus-like particle (eVLP): Pan-coronavirus vaccine candidate, targeting COVID-19, SARS, and MERS, spike protein
pre-clinical
Mahidol University/ The Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO)/ Siriraj Hospital
VLP + Adjuvant
pre-clinical
IrsiCaixa AIDS Research/ IRTA-CReSA/ Barcelona Supercomputing Centre/ Grifols
S protein integrated in HIV VLPs
pre-clinical
University of Sao Paulo
VLPs peptides/whole virus
pre-clinical
Saiba GmbH
VLP; virus-like particle, based on RBD displayed on virus-like particle
pre-clinical
Navarrabiomed, Oncoimmunology group
Virus-like particles, lentivirus, and baculovirus vehicles
pre-clinical
ARTES Biotechnology
VLP; eVLP
pre-clinical
Imophoron Ltd / Bristol University's Max Planck Centre
VLP; ADDomerTM multiepitope display
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Other
From a gene-encoded antibody vaccine to a self-assembling vaccine and more, these are the vaccines being developed that do not fall easily into one of the other product categories or details about its category are not publicly available.
Oragenics (Noachis Terra)/ Aragen Bioscience
TerraCoV2
pre-clinical
University of California, Los Angeles (Horwitz Lab)
Recombinant LVS ΔcapB – vectored vaccine expressing multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens
pre-clinical
Adeleke University
Unknown
pre-clinical
NidoVax
unknown; IMT504 technology
pre-clinical
Vault Pharma/ University of California Los Angeles
nanoparticles (vaults) as second-line defense of infection
pre-clinical
Vivaldi Biosciences/ Esco Aster Pte Ltd
Chimeric vaccine (coronavirus and influenza)
pre-clinical
Vir Biotechnology / GSK
Unknown
pre-clinical
Tulane University
Unknown
pre-clinical
SmartPharm Therapeutics / Sorrento Therapeutics
Gene-encoded antibody vaccine, non-viral nanoparticle delivery
pre-clinical
Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute
LV-SMENP-DC Dendritic cells modified with lentiviral vector expressing synthetic minigene based on domains of selected viral proteins; administered with antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes
pre-clinical
Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute
Artificial antigen-presenting cells modified with lentiviral vector expressing synthetic minigene based on domains of selected viral proteins
pre-clinical
Precision Vaccines Program at Boston Children's Hospital
Unknown
pre-clinical
Emergex Vaccines/ George Mason University's National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases (NCBID)
Unknown
pre-clinical
Catholic University/ Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy/ Technological Consortium in Clinical Molecular Biomedicine, Chile
Unknown
pre-clinical
Codiak BioSciences/ Ragon Institute
exoVACC exome platform
pre-clinical
AbVision
AVI-205
pre-clinical
SK Biosciences
Unknown
pre-clinical
ISR Immune System Regulation
ISR-50
pre-clinical
Covaxx
Unknown
pre-clinical
HaloVax (Voltron Therapeutics) / The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center at the Massachusetts General Hospital
Self-assembling vaccine (fusion protein of a heat shock protein and Avidin, with biotinylated immunogenic peptides)
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
FasterCures, a center of the Milken Institute, is working to build a system that is effective, efficient, and driven by a clear vision: patient needs above all else. We believe that transformative and life-saving science should be fully realized and deliver better treatments to the people who need them.
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