COVID-19 vaccination in Romania

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COVID-19 vaccination in Romania
Date27 December 2020–present
LocationNationwide
CauseCOVID-19 pandemic in Romania
Organised byGovernment of Romania
Participants3,335,073 people vaccinated with at least one dose (2 May 2021)
16.41%
1,986,669 people fully vaccinated (2 May 2021)
10.23%
Websitevaccinare-covid.gov.ro

COVID-19 vaccination in Romania started on 27 December 2020. It was announced that the process would be divided into three phases. Medical personnel would be vaccinated first (first phase), followed by the population at risk (second phase) and finally by the rest of the population (third phase).[1] Vaccination was declared free and non-mandatory.[1] As of March 2021, three types of vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, and Oxford/AstraZeneca) were authorized to be used in Romania.[2] This is the largest vaccination campaign in the history of Romania.[3]

According to Prime Minister Florin Cîțu, Romania aims to vaccinate 10.4 million people (or 70% of the country's population) by the end of September 2021. By 26 April, more than three million people had received at least one shot of COVID-19 vaccine in Romania.[4]

Background[edit]

Responsibility for COVID-19 vaccine deployment[edit]

The National Coordinating Committee for COVID-19 Vaccination Activities (Romanian: Comitetul Național de Coordonare a Activităților privind Vaccinarea împotriva COVID-19; abbreviated CNCAV) is the inter-ministerial body responsible for developing the national vaccination strategy. It was established on 20 November 2020 by Prime Minister's decree and is subordinated to the General Secretariat of the Government.[5] The first president of the Committee is Valeriu Gheorghiță, doctor at the Central Military Hospital in Bucharest.[6] The Romanian Army and structures from the Ministry of Interior are involved in the distribution and transport of vaccines.[7]

Vaccines on order[edit]

Vaccine Origin Doses ordered Approval[8] Deployment
Pfizer/BioNTech US/Germany 10 million[9] Green check.svg 21 December 2020 Green check.svg 26 December 2020[10]
Moderna US N/A Green check.svg 6 January 2021 Green check.svg 12 January 2021[11]
Oxford/AstraZeneca UK/Sweden N/A Green check.svg 29 January 2021 Green check.svg 7 February 2021[12]
Johnson & Johnson Netherlands/Israel 8 million[13] Green check.svg 11 March 2021 Green check.svg 4 May 2021
Novavax US Pending Pending
CureVac Germany Pending Pending
Valneva France Pending Pending
Sanofi/GSK France/UK Pending Pending
Total 85 million[14]

Rollout schedule[edit]

On 26 December 2020, Ion Cantacuzino Institute in Bucharest received the first symbolic 10,000-dose batch of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.[15] The truck with the first doses of vaccine entered Romania at Nădlac customs the day before in the presence of Raed Arafat, head of the Department for Emergency Situations and Valeriu Gheorghiță, head of the National Coordinating Committee for COVID-19 Vaccination Activities.[16] Vaccination began on 27 December in 10 infectious disease hospitals across the country,[15] with Mihaela Anghel, a nurse at the Matei Balș National Institute for Infectious Diseases in Bucharest, being the first person vaccinated. Anghel was among the personnel that treated the country's first infected person on 27 February of the same year.[17]

On 29 December 2020, Romanian President Klaus Iohannis announced that Romania would help Moldova with a donation of 200,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine units in the future during his meeting with the Moldovan President Maia Sandu in the country as part of a collaboration project about the COVID-19 pandemic and other topics between the two countries.[18] Iohannis himself was vaccinated on 15 January 2021.[19] The first batch of COVID-19 vaccines destined to be sent to Moldova from Romania, composed of an amount of 20,000 of them, was approved by the Government of Romania on 24 February 2021.[20] Moldova received 21,600 Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine doses on 27 February from Romania,[21] which started being administered on 2 March.[22][23] Moldova donated 1,810 of these units to the authorities of the unrecognized state of Transnistria on 5 March,[24] which thanked the Romanian state for the help.[25]

The first 14,000-dose batch of the Moderna vaccine arrived in the country on 12 January 2021.[11] The vaccine began to be administered on 4 February.[26]

The Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine arrived in the country on 7 February, the first 81,000 doses being distributed to regional storage centers during the same day.[12] Until 8 March, the vaccination with Oxford/AstraZeneca was intended only for people aged between 18 and 55 years, on the grounds that in the third phase of Oxford/AstraZeneca's clinical trials too few volunteers over 55 were enrolled; on 8 March, CNCAV dropped the age limit for the administration of this vaccine.[27] On 11 March, CNCAV temporarily quarantined 4,257 doses from Oxford/AstraZeneca's ABV2856 batch as an "extreme precautionary measure",[28] hours after Italy banned use of this same batch following the deaths in Sicily of two men who had been inoculated with doses from it.[29] Romania had received 81,600 doses from the ABV2856 batch and administered most of them.[30] Vaccination with these doses was resumed on 19 March[31] after the European Medicines Agency (EMA) declared the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine safe for use.[32] In April, EMA found a possible link between the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine and very rare cases of unusual blood clots with low platelet counts, although it said its benefits far outweighed the risks and did not announce any restrictions.[33] As of 4 April, EMA received reports of 222 cases of a rare thrombosis affecting the brain or abdomen among some 34 million people in Europe who have received the Oxford/AstraZeneca jab; most occurred in women under 60 within two weeks of vaccination.[33] As a precaution, several European countries limited the use of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine to older age groups. According to Valeriu Gheorghiță, president of CNCAV, no cases of vaccine-related thrombosis had been confirmed in Romania as of 6 April; he did, however, mention seven cases of unrelated thrombosis in seven people vaccinated against COVID-19, four with Pfizer/BioNTech and three with Oxford/AstraZeneca.[34] On 8 April, CNCAV decided to continue the vaccination with Oxford/AstraZeneca for all age groups.[35]

Valeriu Gheorghiță announced on 9 March that the third phase of vaccination will first start rolling out in the localities with an incidence rate of at least 4.5‰.[36] The people from nine localities – seven county seats (Alba Iulia, Baia Mare, Brașov, Cluj-Napoca, Giurgiu, Timișoara and Zalău), a municipality (Petroșani) and a commune (Sânpetru) – could schedule their appointments on the national vaccination platform before the effective start of the third phase,[37] which was set to begin on 15 March.[38] The authorities introduced waiting lists for appointments, however, without the possibility for people to choose the type of vaccine. In order to optimize the distribution of vaccine doses, it was decided that each vaccination center should inoculate only one type of vaccine.[39]

In April, family doctors joined the vaccination teams, with first shots being administered in Timiș County.[40] At the beginning of the month, the participation rate among family doctors was about 50–55%.[41] In an effort to boost rural access to the vaccine, officials launched on 21 April the first mobile vaccination centers in seven counties; in the first phase, mainly Moderna vaccine was distributed in these centers.[42] On 24 April, the first drive-through vaccination center was inaugurated in the parking lot of Deva Shopping City.[43] Between 23 and 26 April, Timișoara Regional Business Center hosted a three-day non-stop vaccination marathon. In the first such action in the country, 6,722 people were vaccinated by more than 500 volunteers.[44]

Vaccine storage and distribution centers[edit]

The Ion Cantacuzino Institute in Bucharest and six military hospitals in the country are the centers where the COVID-19 vaccine is stored, as they have freezers with a large capacity that can ensure storage in the required conditions (e.g., cold chains of −80°C).[45]

COVID-19 vaccination in Romania is located in Romania
Ion Cantacuzino Institute Bucharest
Ion Cantacuzino Institute
Bucharest
Iacob Czihac Hospital Iași
Iacob Czihac Hospital
Iași
Constantin Papilian Hospital Cluj-Napoca
Constantin Papilian Hospital
Cluj-Napoca
Alexandru Gafencu Hospital Constanța
Alexandru Gafencu Hospital
Constanța
Ștefan Odobleja Hospital Craiova
Ștefan Odobleja Hospital
Craiova
Queen Marie Hospital Brașov
Queen Marie Hospital
Brașov
Victor Popescu Hospital Timișoara
Victor Popescu Hospital
Timișoara
Vaccine storage and distribution centers[46]

Vaccine priority groups[edit]

Vaccination against COVID-19 in Romania is carried out in three phases, in which priority is given to medical staff, people over 65, people with chronic diseases, people with disabilities, homeless people and essential workers (lawmakers, military personnel, magistrates, teachers, commercial workers, etc.).[47]

Phase Priority groups Number eligible (estimated)
I health and social workers 160,000[48]
II high-risk population 5 million[49]
essential workers 1.5 million[50]
III general population

In early March, the Ministry of Health began publishing official data on vaccines administered at each center in the country on the government's open data portal. Data from 27 December 2020 to 5 March 2021 revealed cases of nepotism regarding the vaccination of military personnel and over 7,000 vaccinations ahead of priority groups.[51] Apart from these, local news agencies reported numerous instances of queue-jumping occurring throughout the Romanian healthcare system, as waiting lists were vulnerable to corruption.[52]

Vaccination centers[edit]

Before the official start of the vaccination campaign, the Ministry of Health identified 899 vaccination centers throughout the country: 302 in health units for the immunization of medical staff and 597 in other spaces for phases II and III.[53] 583 of them were operational by 30 January 2021.[54] As of 9 March 2021, before the start of the largest phase of the vaccination campaign, 678 vaccination centers with 990 flows were active in the country; according to Valeriu Gheorghiță, the total number of vaccination centers would be 1,137.[55]

Adverse reaction reporting[edit]

As of 26 April 2021, adverse reactions were reported in 13,705 vaccinated people (0.28% or 2.8 reactions at 1,000 doses administered).[56] Most of them were general reactions (fever, headache, myalgia, asthenia, urticaria, etc.).[56] A severe adverse reaction (a 46-year-old woman from Olt County inoculated with the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine)[57] and a case of anaphylactic shock (a 36-year-old woman from Galați County inoculated with the Moderna vaccine)[58] were also reported; both recovered. The median age of people who reported adverse reactions was 37; 63% of them were female.[59] By manufacturer, most adverse reactions have been reported in people vaccinated with Oxford/AstraZeneca (1.07% of the total number of doses administered), followed by Moderna (0.32%) and Pfizer/BioNTech (0.16%).[60]

Between 21 December 2020 and 19 March 2021, CNCAV received five reports of death among people who received a COVID-19 vaccine.[61] However, the National Institute of Public Health (INSP) classified them as "coincidences", ruling out any direct link between vaccination and deaths.[62] Moreover, between 1 January and 14 March 2021, INSP recorded 89 deaths (a fatality rate of 0.002% of the people who completed the vaccination scheme)[63] among COVID-19-positive people who previously got vaccinated; 12 of them received both doses.[62]

Statistics[edit]

Total number of COVID-19 vaccinations administered[edit]

The following chart shows the total number of doses administered.[64]

Daily number of COVID-19 vaccinations administered by manufacturer[edit]

The following chart shows the daily number of doses administered, broken down by vaccine manufacturer.[60]

Percentage of vaccinated according to the vaccine received (as of 26 April 2021)[60]

  Pfizer/BioNTech (77.14%)
  Oxford/AstraZeneca (13.6%)
  Moderna (9.27%)

Efficacy[edit]

According to the National Center for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, between 27 December 2020 and 11 April 2021, 18,630 people (or 0.81% of all people vaccinated with the first dose) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after being administered the first dose of vaccine.[65] The median time from the first dose to the date of confirmation was 11 days.[65] During the same period, 2,983 people (or 0.21% of all people vaccinated with both doses) became infected with SARS-CoV-2 after the second dose; most were asymptomatic or mild cases.[65]

Opinion polls[edit]

Similar to neighboring countries, an important part of the Romanian population is reluctant to vaccine. The most commonly cited reasons are fear of adverse reactions and distrust of the vaccine's effectiveness.[66][67] In September 2020, before the launch of the first anti-COVID-19 vaccine, only 29% of Romanians in urban areas were determined to get vaccinated. The vaccination intention has increased significantly over the months, so that in February 2021, 51% of them intended to get vaccinated when they would have the opportunity to schedule for vaccination.[68] The vaccination intention is higher among men, people over 45, people with higher education and people with high incomes in urban areas.[67]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania&oldid=1021477696"