COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa

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COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
Date17 February 2021 - present
Time(SAST (GMT +2))
LocationSouth Africa South Africa
CauseCOVID-19 pandemic
BudgetR10 billion (Distribution 2021)
R2.2 billion (Q1 2021 purchasing vaccines)
R1.25 billion (Q2 2021 purchasing vaccines)
R 13450000000 (US$930,898,923.06)[2][3][4]
Organised byDepartment of Health (South Africa) & Government of South Africa
Participants318,670 total doses administered of
Johnson & Johnson/Janssen
Pfizer–BioNTech
(2 May 2021)
  • 318,670 people with at least 1 dose administered
  • 318,670 people fully vaccinated
Outcome
WebsiteVaccine Enrollment Platform
Part of a series on the
COVID-19 pandemic
SARS-CoV-2 without background.png
Timeline
2019

2020

2021

Locations
  • By continent
  • By conveyance
International response
Medical response
Impact
  • Socio-economic
  • By industry
SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg COVID-19 portal

COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa is an ongoing immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country.

On 17 February 2021, South Africa started its national vaccination program against Covid-19. The program will go through in phases, prioritizing healthcare and frontline workers and then those over the age of 65. According to health officials, South Africa has administered 318,670 vaccine doses across the country as of 2 May 2021.[5][6]South Africa has accepted delivery of 3 different vaccines, Johnson and Johnson, Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca, administering both Johnson and Johnson and Pfizer-BioNTech, with the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine suspended, due to its ineffectiveness against the 501Y.V2 variant.[7][8]

Total number of people receiving vaccinations in South Africa as of 2 May 2021

  Unvaccinated population: 58,560,000 people (99.5%)
  Population who are fully Vaccinated: 318,670 people (2 May 2021) (0.5%)

Background[edit]

Rollout Strategy[edit]

National Vaccine Rollout Strategy[9]
Phase Priority group People Eligible (estimated)
Phase 1 (17 February 2021)
1 Front-line and health care workers +/- 1.2 Million People
Phase 2 (16 April 2021)
2 Essential workers, persons over 60-years and persons over 18-years with comorbidities +/- 5 Million People
Phase 3 (TBA)
3 Anyone over the age of 18 +/- 22.5 Million People

Vaccines On Order[edit]

South Africa has secured over 60 million doses of the vaccine, with 220 million doses to be manufactured locally for international and local distribution[10][11]

Vaccine name Approval progress Quantity Doses arrived Vaccine approved Began administering
Oxford–AstraZeneca EUA Suspended 1.5 million 1,000,000 Dark Red x.svg Suspended Dark Red x.svg Suspended
Johnson & Johnson Vaccine EUA Approved 30 million + 220 million 500,000 + 1,100,000 Green check.svg 31 March 2021 (Full Authorization) Green check.svg 18 Feb 2021 (Phase III)
Pfizer vaccine EUA Approved 40 million 325,260 Green check.svg 16 Mar 2021 Dark Red x.svg Not yet
CoronaVac EUA Pending 5 Million (Offered) Dark Red x.svg None Dark Red x.svg Not yet Dark Red x.svg Not yet
COVAX EUA Pending 9 million Dark Red x.svg None Dark Red x.svg Not yet Dark Red x.svg Not yet

Vaccines in trial stage[edit]

On 17 March 2020, the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority announced that it would expedite review of treatments, vaccines and clinical trials.[12]

A team from 8 universities and 14 hospitals led by Helen Rees and Jeremy Nel from the University of the Witwatersrand participated in the World Health Organization Solidarity Clinical Trials that investigated medications.[13]

Vaccine Type (technology) Phase I Phase II Phase III
Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine Viral vector Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed
Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine RNA Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed
Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine Viral vector Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed
Novavax COVID-19 vaccine Subunit Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed
SCB-2019 Subunit Green check.svg Completed In progress In progress
ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine Viral vector In progress In progress Dark Red x.svg Not yet

Johnson & Johnson (Ad26.COV2.S)[edit]

In January, Johnson & Johnson, which held trials for its Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in South Africa, reported the level of protection against moderate to severe COVID-19 infection was 72% in the United States, but 57% in South Africa.[14]

Oxford–AstraZeneca (AZD1222)[edit]

On 6 February 2021, The Financial Times reported that provisional trial data from a study undertaken by South Africa'sUniversity of the Witwatersrand in conjunction with Oxford University demonstrated reduced efficacy of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine against the 501.V2 variant. The study found that in a sample size of 2,000 the AZD1222 vaccine afforded only "minimal protection" in all but the most severe cases of COVID-19.[15]

On 7 February 2021, the Minister for Health for South Africa suspended the planned deployment of around 1 million doses of the vaccine whilst they examine the data and await advice on how to proceed.[16]

Pfizer–BioNTech (BNT162b2)[edit]

On 17 February 2021, Pfizer announced neutralization activity was reduced by two thirds for the 501.V2 variant, while stating no claims about the efficacy of the vaccine in preventing illness for this variant could yet be made.[17]

On 16 March 2021, The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) approved the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for section 21 Emergency Use Authorisation.[18]

ImmunityBio (ImmunityBio)[edit]

The BioVac Institute, a state-backed South African vaccine company, plans to use a deal it won to manufacture coronavirus vaccines. The contract with American based ImmunityBio Inc is currently conducting phase 1 vaccine trials with their hAd5 vaccine in the United States and South Africa.[19]

ImmunityBio and BioVac plan to distribute the vaccines throughout South African and Africa.[20][21]

Johnson & Johnson Consignment (Phase III)[edit]

Consignment 1
1 80,000 Doses 17 February 2021 Fully Used
Consignment 2
2 80,000 Doses 27 February 2021 Fully Used
Consignment 3
3 86,000 Doses 7 March 2021 Delivered
3a 40,000 Doses 13 March 2021 In Use
3b 66,000 Doses 20 March 2021 Delivered
Consignment 4
4 200,000 Doses 11 April 2021 Delivered [22]
Consignment 5 (May 2021)
5 900,000 Doses May 2021 TBA
Consignment 6 (June 2021)
5 900,000 Doses June 2021 TBA

Johnson & Johnson Consignment (Full Authorization)[edit]

Consignment 1 (Manufactured Locally)
1 1 099 200 Doses Mid May Stock Manufactured, Held for Safety Assessment[23]
2 900 000 Doses TBA (May) In Manufacturing
3 900 000 Doses TBA (June)
Consignment 2
1 9 100 000 Doses Q3 2021 [24]
Consignment 3
1 19 100 000 Doses Q4 2021 [24]

Oxford-AstraZeneca Consignment[edit]

Consignment 1 [25]
1a 1,000,000 Doses 1 February 2021 Received
1b 500,000 Doses 14 February 2021 Canceled and Refunded
1c -1,000,000 Doses 20 February 2021 1,000,000 Doses Sold

Pfizer-BioNTech Consignment[edit]

Consignment 1
1 325,260 Doses 3 May 2021 To Be Delivered
2 325,260 Doses 10 May 2021 In Manufacturing
3 325,260 Doses 17 May 2021 In Manufacturing
4 325,260 Doses 24 May 2021 In Manufacturing
Consignment 2
1 636,480 Doses 31 May 2021 In Manufacturing
2 636,480 Doses 7 June 2021 In Manufacturing
3 636,480 Doses 14 June 2021 In Manufacturing
4 636,480 Doses 21 June 2021 In Manufacturing
5 636,480 Doses 28 June 2021 In Manufacturing
6 636,480 Doses 5 July 2021 In Manufacturing
Consignment 3 [24]
Initial 8 519 940 Doses Q3 2021
Incremental 8 000 460 Doses
Consignment 4 [24]
Initial 6 996 600 Doses Q4 2021

History[edit]

Timeline[edit]

February 2021[edit]

On 1 February 2021, 1 million doses of the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine at O. R. Tambo International Airport sent by the Serum Institute of India.[26][27][28]

On 7 February 2021, it was announced that the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine did not work well in protecting clinical trial participants from mild or moderate illness caused by the 501.V2 variant. The vaccination program was announced to be put on a hold.[29][30][31]

On 16 February 2021, South Africa received its first consignment of 80,000 doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine.[32]

On 17 February 2021, the national COVID vaccination program was officially rolled out, beginning at Khayelitsha District Hospital in the Western Cape Province where healthcare workers, the President Cyril Ramaphosa and Minister of Health Zweli Mkhize were given shots of the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccine.[33][34][35]

On 27 February 2021, South Africa had received its second consignment of 80,000 doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine.[36][37]

March 2021[edit]

On 5 March 2021, the number of doses administered surpassed 100,000.[38]

On 13 March 2021, South Africa received Part 1 of its third consignment of 40,000 Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine.[39][40]

On 17 March 2021, South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) approved the Pfizer/BioNTech coronavirus vaccine for use.[41][42][43]

On 18 March 2021, South Africa received Part 2 of its third consignment of 66,000 Johnson & Johnson vaccine.[44][45]

On 19 March 2021, ImmunityBio announced that they will be conducting Phase 1 vaccine trials with their hAd5 vaccine in the United States and South Africa.[46][47]

On 21 March 2021, South Africa sold and began transporting its 1 million doses of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine to other African Union Members. Concerns over the rollout of the vaccine in African countries have been raised, as the 501Y.V2 variant speeds through African countries, with South Africa Suspending the vaccine after a trial proved the vaccine to be ineffective.[48][49][50][51][25]

On 29 March 2020, the manufacturing of 220 million doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine was approved to begin at the Aspen Pharmacare manufacturing facility in Gqeberha, Eastern Cape.[52][53]

April 2021[edit]

On 6 April 2021, the government officially signed a deal with Pfizer for 20 million vaccines expected to begin arriving by the end of April.[54][55]

On 13 April 2021, Minister of Health Zweli Mkhize announced the suspension of Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine use following health concerns raised by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[8][56][57]

On 16 April 2021, The EVDS platform opened for Phase 2, allowing essential workers and the elderly to register.[58][59][60]

On 17 April 2021, The government announced that the first batch of 325,260 Doses of Pfizer vaccines would arrive on 3 May 2021. From there the same amount of doses are expected to arrive weekly, until 31 May 2021, where the number of daily doses delivered will increase to 636,480 weekly.[7]

On 23 April 2021, 500,000 Doses of the Johnson and Johnson vaccine were delivered under the early access program (Sisonke Programme), with a further 1,000,000 million doses to arrive in April.[8][22]

On 24 April 2021, Aspen Pharmacare announced that 1.1 million doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine were due for release and to be used by South Africa.[61]

On 26 April 2021, the government announced that the use of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine would resume on Wednesday, 28 April 2021 with vaccination sites expanded to 95 sites countrywide.[22]

On 28 April 2021, the Johnson & Johnson vaccines suspension was lifted, and given the full approval for use by SAPRAH.[62][63][64]

May 2021[edit]

On 2 May 2021, the government announced that the first 1.1 million doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine would receive an extended safety assessment, in line with international regulators, and stock would be released in mid May. [23]

On 3 May 2021, the first batch of 325,260 Doses of the Pfizer vaccine arrived at O.R Tambo International Airport. The vaccines were then sent to the National Control Laboratory for quality assurance.[65][66][67]

Vaccine effectiveness[edit]

Further information: 501.V2 variant

Many currently-available vaccines are less effective against the 501Y.V2 variant of the virus than they are against other variants.

Johnson & Johnson (Ad26.COV2.S)[edit]

Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine

In January, Johnson & Johnson, which held trials for its Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in South Africa, reported the level of protection against moderate to severe COVID-19 infection was 72% in the United States, but 57% in South Africa.[68]

After Phase III trails in South Africa completed, Johnson and Johnson is received Section 21 approval from SAHPRA on 31 March 2021.

In a manufacturing deal, Johnson and Johnson has began to manufacture 220 million vaccines at the Aspen Pharmacare manufacturing facility in Gqeberha, Eastern Cape. They plan to distribute the vaccine to other African countries with 30 million to go to South Africa.[69][53][52]

Oxford–AstraZeneca (AZD1222)[edit]

On 6 February 2021, The Financial Times reported that provisional trial data from a study undertaken by South Africa's University of the Witwatersrand in conjunction with Oxford University demonstrated reduced efficacy of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine against the 501.V2 variant. The study found that in a sample size of 2,000 the AZD1222 vaccine afforded only "minimal protection" in all but the most severe cases of COVID-19.[51]

On 7 February 2021, the government suspended the planned deployment of around 1 million doses of the vaccine whilst they examined the data and awaited advice on how to proceed.[70] The South African government subsequently cancelled the use of the vaccine, selling its supply to other African countries, and switched its vaccination program to use the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine.[71][72][73]

Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac)[edit]

The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) has confirmed that it has received documentation for the vaccine developed by the Gamaleya Institute in Russia.[74]

Sputnik V is one of three Covid vaccines worldwide with an efficacy higher than 90% in symptomatic cases. They are still in the process of testing its effectiveness against the 501Y.V2 variant of the virus.[75]

Pfizer–BioNTech (BNT162b2)[edit]

On 17 February 2021, Pfizer announced neutralization activity was reduced by two thirds for the 501.V2 variant, while stating no claims about the efficacy of the vaccine in preventing illness for this variant could yet be made.[76]

On 16 March 2021, The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) approved the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for section 21 Emergency Use Authorisation.[77]

A trial ending in March 2021 of the Pfizer-BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine appeared to be 100% effective at preventing cases of the South African 501Y.V2 variant. The trial consisted of 800 people, with a total of 9 cases, all in the placebo group[78][79]

Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine

Moderna (mRNA-1273)[edit]

In February, Moderna reported that the current vaccine produced only one-sixth of the antibodies in response to the South African variant compared with the original virus. They have launched a trial of a new vaccine to tackle the South African 501.V2 variant.[80]

Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV)[edit]

Other African countries have begun the roll out of the Sinopharm, with Morocco, Egypt, The Seychelles and Zimbabwe, have begun the mass rollout of the vaccine.[81] So far, it has proven resistant to the 501Y.V2 variant, as seen in Zimbabwe.[82]

CoronaVac (Sinovac)[edit]

CoronaVac is yet to be approved for use by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA).[83]

So far, Sinovac has offered to supply South Africa with 5 million doses of the vaccine.[84]

Covaxin (BBV152)[edit]

Bharat Biotech, producers of the Covaxin vaccine, have said that they can modify the vaccine against coronavirus South African variant within 15 days.[85]

CoviVac (КовиВак)[edit]

The CoviVac vaccine Information has not been delivered to the South African government yet.[86]

EpiVacCorona (EpiVacCorona)[edit]

The EpiVacCorona vaccine Information has not been delivered to the South African government yet.[87]

RBD-Dimer (ZF2001)[edit]

The RBD-Dimer vaccine Information is in the process of being delivered to the South African Government.

Novavax (V2373)[edit]

A study on the NVX-CoV2373 Novavax vaccine showed 60% efficacy (for HIV-negative participants) in South Africa, compared to 90% efficacy in Britain.[88][89]

ImmunityBio (ImmunityBio)[edit]

The BioVac Institute, a state-backed South African vaccine company, plans to use a deal it won to manufacture coronavirus vaccines. The contract with American based ImmunityBio Inc is currently conducting phase 1 vaccine trials with their hAd5 vaccine in the United States and South Africa.[90]

ImmunityBio and BioVac plan to distribute the vaccines throughout South African and Africa.[91][92]

Progress[edit]

Vaccines distribution[edit]

As of 2 May 2021 18:00
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
  •   Johnson&Johnson
  •   Pfizer–BioNTech
  •   Moderna
  •   Oxford-AstraZeneca

Cumulative vaccinations in South Africa[edit]

Graph of cumulative doses administered across the country

  Total vaccination doses administered across the country    vaccinated (1st dose only)    Fully vaccinated[a]

Date Doses Administered Vaccinated (1 Dose) Fully Vaccinated Ref
17 February 2021 0 0 0 [93]
18 February 2021 2260 0 2260 [94]
19 February 2021 6524 0 6524 [95]
20 February 2021 10414 0 10414 [96]
21 February 2021 15388 0 15388 [97]
22 February 2021 23059 0 23059 [98]
23 February 2021 32315 0 32315 [99]
24 February 2021 41809 0 41809 [100]
25 February 2021 52647 0 52647 [101]
26 February 2021 63648 0 63648 [102]
27 February 2021 67303 0 67303 [103]
28 February 2021 70527 0 70527 [104]
1 March 2021 73047 0 73047 [105]
2 March 2021 76037 0 76037 [106]
3 March 2021 83570 0 83570 [107]
4 March 2021 92029 0 92029 [108]
5 March 2021 100108 0 100108 [109]
6 March 2021 101573 0 101573 [110]
7 March 2021 101841 0 101841 [111]
8 March 2021 107054 0 107054 [112]
9 March 2021 118247 0 118247 [113]
10 March 2021 128887 0 128887 [114]
11 March 2021 138014 0 138014 [115]
12 March 2021 145215 0 145215 [116]
13 March 2021 145544 0 145544 [117]
14 March 2021 145544 0 145544 [118]
15 March 2021 147753 0 147753 [119]
16 March 2021 157286 0 157286 [120]
17 March 2021 168413 0 168413 [121]
18 March 2021 177275 0 177275 [122]
19 March 2021 182983 0 182983 [123]
20 March 2021 182983 0 182983 [124]
21 March 2021 182983 0 182983 [125]
22 March 2021 182983 0 182983 [126]
23 March 2021 194257 0 194257 [127]
24 March 2021 207808 0 207808 [128]
25 March 2021 220129 0 220129 [129]
26 March 2021 231002 0 231002 [130]
27 March 2021 231605 0 231605 [131]
28 March 2021 239665 0 239665 [132]
29 March 2021 251707 0 251707 [133]
30 March 2021 263878 0 263878 [134]
31 March 2021 269102 0 269102 [135]
1 April 2021 269102 0 269102 [136]
2 April 2021 269102 0 269102 [137]
3 April 2021 269102 0 269102 [138]
4 April 2021 269102 0 269102 [139]
5 April 2021 269102 0 269102 [140]
6 April 2021 272438 0 272438 [141]
7 April 2021 278909 0 278909 [142]
8 April 2021 283629 0 283629 [143]
9 April 2021 288368 0 288368 [144]
10 April 2021 288406 0 288406 [145]
11 April 2021 288406 0 288406 [146]
12 April 2021 289787 0 289787 [147]
13 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [148]
14 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [149]
15 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [150]
16 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [151]
17 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [152]
18 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [153]
19 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [154]
20 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [155]
21 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [156]
22 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [157]
23 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [158]
24 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [159]
25 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [160]
26 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [161]
27 April 2021 292623 0 292623 [162]
28 April 2021 298153 0 298153 [163]
29 April 2021 307591 0 307591 [164]
30 April 2021 317656 0 317656 [165]
1 May 2021 318670 0 318670 [166]
2 May 2021 318670 0 318670 [167]
3 May 2021 329098 0 329098 [168]
4 May 2021 339655 0 339655 [169]

Daily vaccinations chart of South Africa[edit]

Distribution locations[edit]

Vaccines administered per pharmaceutical company as of 2 May 2021

  Johnson & Johnson (318,670) (100%)
  Pfizer–BioNTech (0) (0%)
  Oxford–AstraZeneca (0) (0%)
  (0) (0%)

The Covid-19 Vaccine can be obtained at 96 different hospitals nation-wide, with it to increase to over 1,000 locations, as Phase II progress ramps up.[170][171][b]

So far it’s planed that all Click’s and Dischem’s aswell as all pharmacies and hospitals nation wide in South Africa will be used to distribute vaccines.

Hospitals (Currently In Use)[edit]

Eastern Cape[edit]

  • Livingston Hospital
  • Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital
  • Frere Hospital
  • Netcare Greenacres Hospital

Free State[edit]

  • Universitas (C) Hospital
  • Pelonomi Hospital
  • Life Rosepark Hospital
  • Fezi Ngumbentombi
  • Bongani Hospital

Gauteng[edit]

  • Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
  • Steve Biko Academic Hospital
  • Ahmed Kathrada Private Hospital
  • Charlotte Maxeke Hospital
  • Dr George Mukhari Hospital
  • Netcare Milpark Hospital

KwaZulu-Natal[edit]

  • Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital
  • Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital
  • General Justice Gizenga Mpanza
  • Edendale Hospital
  • Madadeni Hospital
  • Netcare St. Augustine's Hospital

Limpopo[edit]

  • Pietersburg Hospital
  • Mankweng Hosptial
  • Tshilidzini Hospital
  • Donald Fraser Hospital
  • Malamulele Hospital
  • Mediclinic Polokwane
  • Netcare Pholoso Hospital
  • St. Rita's Hospital

Mpumalanga[edit]

  • Rob Ferreira Hospital
  • Witbank Hospital
  • Ermelo Hospital
  • Life Cosmos Hospital
  • Mediclinic Nelspruit
  • Mapulaneng Hospital

North West[edit]

  • Klerksdorp-Tshepong Tertiary Hospital
  • Job Shimankana Tabane Hospital

Northern Cape[edit]

  • Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital
  • Mediclinic Upington

Western Cape[edit]

  • Groote Schuur Hospital
  • Tygerberg Hospital
  • Khayelitsha District Hospital
  • Gatesville Melomed
  • George Hospital
  • Karl Bremmer Hospital
  • Paarl Hospital
  • Worcester Hospital

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Recipients have received both doses
  2. ^ Private Sector included

External links[edit]

Vaccine Enrollment Platform

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  4. ^ "Budget 2021: R10 billion allocated for Covid-19 vaccines". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
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