Page semi-protected

Anthony Fauci

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Fauci" redirects here. For other people sharing this surname, see Fauci (surname).

Anthony Fauci
Anthony Fauci 2020.jpg
Fauci in April 2020
2nd Chief Medical Advisor to the President
Assumed office
January 20, 2021
PresidentJoe Biden
Preceded byRonny Jackson[note 1]
5th Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Assumed office
November 2, 1984
DeputyJames Hill
John La Montagne
Hugh Auchincloss
Preceded byRichard M. Krause
Personal details
Born
Anthony Stephen Fauci

(1940-12-24) December 24, 1940 (age 80)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Spouse(s)
​
(m. 1985)​
Children3
Education
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsImmunology
InstitutionsNational Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Anthony Stephen Fauci (/ˈfaʊtʃi/; born December 24, 1940) is an American physician-scientist and immunologist who serves as the director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the chief medical advisor to the president.

As a physician with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fauci has served the American public health sector in various capacities for more than 50 years, and has acted as an advisor to every U.S. president since Ronald Reagan.[1] He became director of the NIAID in 1984 and has made contributions to HIV/AIDS research and other immunodeficiency diseases, both as a research scientist and as the head of the NIAID.[2] From 1983 to 2002, Fauci was one of the world's most frequently-cited scientists across all scientific journals.[2] In 2008, President George W. Bush awarded Fauci the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States, for his work on the AIDS relief program PEPFAR.[3]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Fauci was one of the lead members of President Donald Trump’s White House Coronavirus Task Force. In the early stages of the pandemic, The New Yorker and The New York Times described Fauci as one of the most trusted medical figures in the United States.[4][5][1][6] Currently Fauci is the Chief Medical Advisor to President Joe Biden, officially appointed in 2021.[7][8]

Early life and education

Anthony Fauci was born on December 24, 1940, in Brooklyn, New York, to Eugenia Lillian (née Abys; 1909–1965) and Stephen A. Fauci (1910–2008). Fauci's father was a Columbia University-educated pharmacist who owned his own pharmacy. Fauci's mother and sister Denise worked the pharmacy's register, and Fauci delivered prescriptions. The pharmacy was located in the Dyker Heights section of Brooklyn, directly beneath the family apartment, previously in the Bensonhurst neighborhood.[9]

Fauci's grandparents immigrated to the United States from Italy in the late 19th century. His paternal grandparents, Antonino Fauci and Calogera Guardino, were from Sciacca, and his maternal grandparents were from Naples. His maternal grandmother Raffaella Trematerra was a seamstress, and his maternal grandfather Giovanni Abys was a Swiss-born artist noted for his landscape and portrait painting, magazine illustrations in Italy, as well as graphic design for commercial labels, including olive oil cans. Fauci grew up Catholic,[9][10] but now considers himself a humanist, stating that he thinks "that there are a lot of things about organized religion that are unfortunate, and [that he tends] to like to stay away from" it.[11]

Fauci attended Regis High School, a private Jesuit school in Manhattan's Upper East Side, where he captained the school's basketball team despite standing only 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) tall.[12][13][2] After graduating in 1958, Fauci attended the College of the Holy Cross, graduating in 1962 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in classics with a pre-med track. Fauci then attended medical school at Cornell University's Medical College (now Weill Cornell Medicine) where he graduated first in his class with a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1966.[9] He completed an internship and residency in internal medicine at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center (now Weill Cornell Medical Center).[2]

Career

Fauci discusses his work in 2020 (four minutes)

After completing his medical residency in 1968, Fauci joined the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a clinical associate in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases's (NIAID) Laboratory of Clinical Investigation (LCI).[14] He became head of the LCI's Clinical Physiology Section in 1974, and in 1980 was appointed chief of the NIAID's Laboratory of Immunoregulation. In 1984, he became director of the NIAID, a position he still holds.[6] Fauci has been offered the position of director of the NIH several times, but has declined each time.[15]

Fauci has been at the forefront of U.S. efforts to contend with viral diseases like HIV/AIDS, SARS, the Swine flu, MERS, Ebola, and COVID-19. He played a significant role in the early 2000s in creating the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)[16] and in driving development of biodefense drugs and vaccines following the 9/11 terrorist attacks.[17]

Fauci has been a visiting professor at many medical centers and has received numerous honorary doctorates from universities in the U.S. and abroad.[18]

Medical achievements

President Bill Clinton visits the NIH in 1995 and hears about the latest advances in HIV/AIDS research from Fauci.

Fauci has made important scientific observations that contributed to the understanding of the regulation of the human immune response and is recognized for delineating the mechanisms whereby immunosuppressive agents adapt to that response. He developed therapies for formerly fatal diseases such as polyarteritis nodosa, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. In a 1985 Stanford University Arthritis Center Survey, members of the American Rheumatism Association ranked Fauci's work on the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and granulomatosis with polyangiitis as one of the most important advances in patient management in rheumatology over the previous 20 years.[18][19][20]

President Barack Obama greets Fauci in June 2014.

Fauci has contributed to the understanding of how HIV destroys the body's natural defense system, progressing to AIDS. He has outlined the mechanisms of induction of HIV expression by endogenous cytokines.[20] Fauci has worked to develop strategies for the therapy and immune reconstitution of patients with the disease, as well as for a vaccine to prevent HIV infection. His current research is concentrated on identifying the nature of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of HIV infection and the scope of the body's immune responses to HIV.

In 2003, the Institute for Scientific Information stated that from 1983 to 2002, "Fauci was the 13th most-cited scientist among the 2.5 to 3.0 million authors in all disciplines throughout the world who published articles in scientific journals."[2] As a government scientist under seven presidents, Fauci has been described as "a consistent spokesperson for science, a person who more than any other figure has brokered a generational peace" between the two worlds of science and politics.[12]

HIV/AIDS epidemic

Fauci in 1984

Fauci was one of the leading researchers during the AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s.[21] In 1981, he heard of the virus, and he and his team of researchers began looking for a vaccine or treatment for this novel virus, though they would meet a number of obstacles.[22] In October 1988, protesters came to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Fauci, who had become the institute's director in 1984, bore the brunt of the anger from the LGBTQ community, who were largely ignored by the government.[4][23]

Leading AIDS activist Larry Kramer attacked Fauci relentlessly in the media.[24] He called him an "incompetent idiot" and a "pill-pushing" tool of the medical establishment. Fauci did not have control over drug approval though many people felt he was not doing enough. Fauci did make an effort in the late 1980s to reach out to the gay community in New York and San Francisco to find ways he and the NIAID could find a solution.[4] Though Fauci was initially admonished for his treatment of the AIDS epidemic, his work in the community was eventually acknowledged; Kramer, who had spent years hating Fauci for his treatment of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, eventually called him "the only true and great hero" among government officials in the AIDS crisis.[25][4]

2009 swine flu pandemic

In a meeting with reporters on September 17, 2009, Fauci predicted that the H1N1 virus causing the 2009 swine flu pandemic could infect as many as one in three Americans, more than the amount of Americans usually infected by the seasonal flu.[26]

Ebola congressional hearing

See also: Ebola virus cases in the United States

On October 16, 2014, in a United States congressional hearing regarding the Ebola virus crisis, Fauci, who, as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) had been discussing the importance of screening for weeks,[27] testified that NIAID was still some distance away from producing sufficient quantities of cures or vaccines for widespread trials.[28] Specifically, Fauci said, "While NIAID is an active participant in the global effort to address the public health emergency occurring in west Africa, it is important to recognize that we are still in the early stages of understanding how infection with the Ebola virus can be treated and prevented."[28]

Fauci also remarked in the hearing: "As we continue to expedite research while enforcing high safety and efficacy standards, the implementation of the public health measures already known to contain prior Ebola virus outbreaks and the implementation of treatment strategies such as fluid and electrolyte replacement are essential to preventing additional infections, treating those already infected, protecting healthcare providers, and ultimately bringing this epidemic to an end."[28]

COVID-19 pandemic

Trump administration

Fauci speaks to the White House press corps on COVID-19 in April 2020, watched by President Donald Trump (left) and Vice President Mike Pence (right).

Fauci was a member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force established in late January 2020, under President Trump, to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic.[29][30] He became a de facto public health spokesperson for the office of the president during the pandemic[31][32] and a strong advocate for ongoing social distancing efforts in the United States.[33]

In a January 21, 2020 interview with Newsmax TV, Fauci said of threat COVID-19 poses to the United States that "Obviously, you need to take it seriously and do the kind of things the (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and the Department of Homeland Security is doing. But this is not a major threat to the people of the United States and this is not something that the citizens of the United States right now should be worried about."[34] In a January 26 interview with syndicated radio host John Catsimatidis, Fauci again reassured that COVID-19 is not a serious treat to Americans, but added that "it’s something we, as public health officials, need to take very seriously."[34]

In March 2020, he predicted that the infection fatality rate would likely be close to 1%, which was ten times more severe than the 0.1% reported rate for seasonal flu.[35][36]

In a March 8, 2020 interview, Fauci stated that "right now in the United States, people [who are not infected] should not be walking around with masks", but "if you want to do it, that's fine". Fauci mentioned that masks do not offer "perfect protection", and may have "unintended consequences – people keep fiddling with the mask and they keep touching their face". Fauci then offered another reason not to wear masks: "when you think masks, you should think of health care providers needing them and people who are ill", with the latter group needing masks to prevent the infection of others. Fauci then agreed with the interviewer that all Americans wearing masks "could lead to a shortage of masks for the people who really need it". Later that year, social media posts selectively highlighted some of Fauci's above comments and presented them out of context.[37][38] Fauci was accused of lying about face masks by Republican Senator Marco Rubio and conservative commentator Liz Wheeler, both of whom did not present the full context of Fauci's comments.[39][40]

On March 29, 2020, Fauci argued for the extension of the initial 15-day self-isolation guidelines, issued by the executive office, to at least until the end of April 2020.[33] On April 3, the CDC (and Fauci) reversed course and advocated for wearing non-surgical masks to reduce community transmission. In mid-April, Fauci said that if the administration had "started mitigation earlier" more lives could have been saved, and "no one is going to deny that." He added that the decision-making for implementing mitigation measures was "complicated," and "there was a lot of pushback about shutting things down back then."[41]

Fauci's comments were met with a hostile response from former Republican congressional candidate DeAnna Lorraine. President Trump retweeted Lorraine's response, which included the call to "#FireFauci", drawing public alarm. "Fire Fauci" has also been chanted by anti-lockdown protesters in various locations, including Florida and Texas.[42] As a result, the White House denied that Trump was firing Fauci, and blamed the media for overreacting.[43][44]

Due to his disagreements with Trump, Fauci has been criticized by right-wing pundits and received death threats that necessitated a security detail.[45][46][47] In an interview with 60 Minutes he mentioned that other members of his family, including his wife and daughters, have been repeatedly harassed since the pandemic began.[48]

Fauci receives his first dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, in December 2020, at a NIH vaccination event.

In June 2020, Fauci said that he was "very concerned" that the ongoing protests against police brutality would cause "surges" in COVID-19 cases, stating that the "large crowds" are a "perfect set-up" for the virus to spread.[49] In July 2020, Fauci advised the public to "avoid crowds of any type".[50]

On July 6, 2020, Fauci spoke on a Facebook livestream, offering his opinion that the country's situation as pertaining to COVID-19 "is really not good," pointing to more than 55,000 new cases on July 4, 2020. He said the United States was "still knee-deep in the first wave" of cases, and was experiencing a "resurgence of infections".[51] On July 7, 2020, during a press conference, Fauci stated that it was a "false narrative to take comfort in a lower rate of death" for COVID-19 in the country: "There's so many other things that are very dangerous and bad about this virus, don't get yourself into false complacency." Both Trump and the White House had cited the falling death rate as proof of success of the Trump administration's response.[52] After this appearance by Fauci, the White House cancelled three media appearances by Fauci that had been scheduled for later that week.[53] On July 7, 2020, Trump contradicted Fauci's comments describing a dire situation in the country, with Trump saying: "I think we are in a good place. I disagree with [Fauci]."[54] While there were disagreements, Trump also at times praised Fauci.[55][56][57]

On July 9, 2020, Trump publicly claimed that Fauci "made a lot of mistakes".[53][58][59] By July 12, 2020, a White House official told media outlets that "several White House officials are concerned about the number of times Dr. Fauci has been wrong on things," passing to the media on a list of purported mistakes made by Fauci during the outbreak.[53][58] One of the supposed mistakes highlighted was Fauci's February 29, 2020, statement in an interview that "at this moment, there is no need to change anything that you're doing on a day-by-day basis." However, the White House list neglected to mention that in that same interview, Fauci had stated that the risk could change, "when you start to see community spread", and that the disease could morph into "a major outbreak" in the country.[60]

As late as September 23, 2020, when U.S. coronavirus fatalities exceeded 200,000, conservatives continued to question Fauci's and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) recommendations for responding to the epidemic. In a hearing before the Senate's Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee,[61] Kentucky's Senator Rand Paul asked him if he had "second thoughts" about his mitigation recommendations, including keeping six feet of distance from others and mask-wearing, claiming, "our death rate is essentially worse than Sweden's." Fauci stood by the guidelines, indicating Sweden's fatality rate exceeded those of other Scandinavian countries and said the comparison between Sweden and the U.S. was not legitimate. Fauci said the recommendations remained valid. After Paul then asserted New York's high fatality rate showed that mitigation efforts were insufficient, Fauci replied, "You've misconstrued that, Senator, and you've done that repetitively in the past." Fauci explained further that New York State had succeeded in getting the virus under control by following the CDC's clinical guidelines.[62] Paul had made numerous claims about herd immunity, Sweden's interventions to combat the pandemic, the contention that the populations of Asian countries have greater resilience against COVID-19, and statements about death rates due to the virus.[61]

In October 2020, Fauci objected after his words "I can't imagine that anybody could be doing more" were featured in an advertisement from the Trump campaign touting Trump's handling of the pandemic. Fauci said he did not consent to the ad, his words were taken out of context (he was actually referring to how hard the Coronavirus Task Force was working),[63] and he had never made a political endorsement in his career.[64]

On October 18, 2020, Fauci mentioned that he "wasn't surprised" Donald Trump contracted coronavirus.[48] The next day, during a presidential call, Trump called Fauci "a disaster" and said that "people are tired of COVID."[65] During a campaign rally in Phoenix, Arizona on October 19, Trump launched attacks on his political rival Joe Biden, saying that Biden "wants to listen to Dr. Fauci" regarding the handling of the pandemic, upon which Biden merely replied "Yes" on Twitter.[66] On October 31, The Washington Post published an extensive interview with Fauci, in which he voiced a candid assessment of the administration's coronavirus policies and was critical of the influence of presidential advisor Scott Atlas.[67]

Shortly after midnight on November 2, 2020, Trump insinuated he would fire Fauci "after the election" while on stage at a campaign rally at Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport in Opa-locka, Florida. At the rally, he made false claims that the pandemic was "rounding the turn" and was met by audience chants of "Fire Fauci!", to which he responded "Don't tell anybody, but let me wait until after the election ... I appreciate the advice."[68][69] Despite the rhetoric, Fauci was never fired.[citation needed]

On December 2, the United Kingdom became the first western country to license a vaccine against the coronavirus (Pfizer-BioNTech). In response, Fauci said that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was proceeding "the correct way"[70] and said the U.K. "really rushed through that approval".[71] The next day Fauci apologized, telling the BBC "I have a great deal of confidence in what the U.K. does both scientifically and from a regulator standpoint. Our process is one that takes more time than it takes in the U.K. ... I did not mean to imply any sloppiness even though it came out that way."[72]

On January 3, 2021, President Trump tweeted, "The number of cases and deaths of the China Virus is far exaggerated in the United States because of [the CDC's] ridiculous method of determination compared to other countries".[73] That same morning, Fauci responded in an interview on NBC's Meet the Press, "The numbers are real. We have well over 300,000 deaths. We are averaging two- to three-thousand deaths per day. All you need to do ... is go into the trenches, go into the hospitals, go into the intensive care units and see what is happening. Those are real numbers, real people and real deaths."[74]

On January 23, 2021, Fauci was quoted saying that letting the science speak on the pandemic got him "into a little bit of trouble" and got "push-back from people in the White House, including the president", during the Trump administration. Fauci was also reportedly blocked from appearing on The Rachel Maddow Show for some time because the Trump administration "didn't like the way [Maddow handles] things and they didn't want me on [the show]."[75]

Biden administration

On December 3, 2020, President-elect Joe Biden asked Fauci, in addition to remain in his role as director of the NIAID, to serve as the chief medical advisor to the president in the Biden administration.[76][77] Fauci accepted the offer right on the spot.[78]

In contrast to the previous administration, Fauci admitted that he experienced a "liberating feeling" in being able to speak freely about the science without interference from the Biden administration.[79]

In early April 2021, Fauci said of the current situation in the United States that "It’s almost a race between getting people vaccinated and this surge that seems to want to increase".[80]

Cultural impact

Owing to his prominent role in the United States response to numerous global pandemics, most notably HIV/AIDS and COVID-19, Fauci has become the subject of tributes and interpretations across various media, including television, literature, merchandising, and internet memes.[81][82] Brad Pitt's performance as Fauci during the 2020 season of Saturday Night Live earned the actor an Emmy nomination, and praise from Fauci.[83] Author Sally Quinn has credited Fauci as the inspiration for the love interest to the protagonist in her bestselling 1991 romance novel Happy Endings.[84] Larry Kramer based the character Dr. Anthony Della Vida on Fauci in his play The Destiny of Me.[85]

Personal life

In 1985, Fauci married Christine Grady, a nurse and bioethicist with the NIH, after they met while treating a patient.[86] Grady is chief of the Department of Bioethics at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.[52] Together they have three adult daughters.[87]

Memberships

Fauci is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine; the American Philosophical Society, and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, as well as other numerous professional societies including the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Association of Immunologists. He serves on the editorial boards of many scientific journals, as an editor of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, and as author, coauthor, or editor of more than 1,000 scientific publications, including several textbooks.[88] On March 23, 2021, Fauci was admitted as an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland.[89]

Awards and honors

Ben Carson and Anthony Fauci (right) being announced as recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush at the White House on June 19, 2008

In addition to receiving an honorary degree in 2015, Fauci was invited to deliver guest remarks on May 21, 2020, for the Johns Hopkins University Class of 2020.[116] Other notable guest speakers during the virtual ceremony included Reddit co-founder and commencement speaker Alexis Ohanian; and philanthropist and former New York City mayor Michael R. Bloomberg.[117]

Selected works and publications

  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Dale, David C.; Balow, James E. (March 1976). "Glucocorticosteroid Therapy: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Considerations". Annals of Internal Medicine. 84 (3): 304–15. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-304. PMID 769625. Wikidata page Wikidata (View with Reasonator)
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Haynes, Barton F.; Katz, Paul (November 1, 1978). "The Spectrum of Vasculitis: Clinical, Pathologic, Immunologic, and Therapeutic Considerations". Annals of Internal Medicine. 89 (5_Part_1): 660–76. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-89-5-660. PMID 31121. Wikidata page Wikidata (View with Reasonator)
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Haynes, Barton F.; Katz, Paul; Wolff, Sheldon M. (January 1983). "Wegener's Granulomatosis: Prospective Clinical and Therapeutic Experience With 85 Patients for 21 Years". Annals of Internal Medicine. 98 (1): 76–85. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-98-1-76. PMID 6336643. Wikidata page Wikidata (View with Reasonator)
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Macher, Abe M.; Longo, Dan L.; Lane, H. Clifford; Rook, Alain H.; Masur, Henry; Gelmann, Edward P. (January 1984). "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Epidemiologic, Clinical, Immunologic, and Therapeutic Considerations". Annals of Internal Medicine. 100 (1): 92–106. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-92. PMID 6318629. Wikidata page Wikidata (View with Reasonator)
  • Fauci, AS (February 5, 1988). "The human immunodeficiency virus: infectivity and mechanisms of pathogenesis". Science. 239 (4840): 617–622. Bibcode:1988Sci...239..617F. doi:10.1126/science.3277274. PMID 3277274. Wikidata page Wikidata (View with Reasonator)
  • Pantaleo, Giuseppe; Graziosi, Cecilia; Fauci, Anthony S. (February 4, 1993). "The Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection". New England Journal of Medicine. 328 (5): 327–335. doi:10.1056/NEJM199302043280508. PMID 8093551. Wikidata page Wikidata (View with Reasonator)
  • Fauci, Anthony S. (December 1996). "Host factors and the pathogenesis of HIV-induced disease". Nature. 384 (6609): 529–534. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..529F. doi:10.1038/384529A0. PMID 8955267. S2CID 4370482. Wikidata page Wikidata (View with Reasonator)
  • Morens, David M.; Folkers, Gregory K.; Fauci, Anthony S. (July 8, 2004). "The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases". Nature. 430 (6996): 242–249. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..242M. doi:10.1038/nature02759. PMC 7094993. PMID 15241422. Wikidata page Wikidata (View with Reasonator)
  • Morens, David M.; Fauci, Anthony S. (April 2007). "The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Insights for the 21st Century". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 195 (7): 1018–1028. doi:10.1086/511989. PMID 17330793. Wikidata page Wikidata (View with Reasonator)
  • Johnston, Margaret I.; Fauci, Anthony S. (August 28, 2008). "An HIV Vaccine – Challenges and Prospects". New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (9): 888–890. doi:10.1056/NEJMp0806162. PMID 18753644.Wikidata page Wikidata (View with Reasonator)
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Harrison, Ross, eds. (2008). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (17th ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-159991-7. OCLC 1109159992.
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Lane, H. Clifford; Redfield, Robert R. (March 26, 2020). "Covid-19 – Navigating the Uncharted". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (13): 1268–1269. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2002387. PMC 7121221. PMID 32109011.

Notes

  1. ^ This position was vacant from December 1, 2019, until Fauci took office.

References

  1. ^ a b Alba, Davey; Frenkel, Sheera (March 28, 2020). "Medical Expert Who Corrects Trump Is Now a Target of the Far Right". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Biography Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. NIAID Director". NIAID. Archived from the original on October 30, 2007.
  3. ^ "Fauci: The Virus Hunter". PBS (Special Documentary). 2021. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d Specter, Michael. "How Anthony Fauci Became America's Doctor". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  5. ^ "The face of America's fight against Covid-19". BBC News. March 25, 2020. Archived from the original on April 4, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  6. ^ a b Grady, Denise, "Not His First Epidemic: Dr. Anthony Fauci Sticks to the Facts" Archived March 27, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, March 8, 11, 2020.
  7. ^ Choi, Matthew. "Biden asks Fauci to stay on Covid team, become chief medical adviser". POLITICO. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  8. ^ Baltimore, Kenya Evelynin (December 4, 2020). "Fauci accepts offer of chief medical adviser role in Biden administration". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  9. ^ a b c d Gallin, John I. (October 1, 2007). "Introduction of Anthony S. Fauci, MD". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 117 (10): 3131–3135. doi:10.1172/JCI33692. PMC 1994641. PMID 17909634.
  10. ^ Fauci, Anthony (March 7, 1989). "Fauci89: Transcription of oral history interview" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Victoria Harden. NIH. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2016.
  11. ^ Fauci, Anthony (January 8, 2015). "Q&A with Dr. Anthony Fauci". C-SPAN (Interview). Interviewed by Brian Lamb. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  12. ^ a b Roberts, Molly (July 16, 2020). "Anthony Fauci built a truce. Trump is destroying it". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  13. ^ Hunsinger Benbow, Dana (April 2, 2020). "Donnie Walsh on losing basketball game to Dr. Anthony Fauci: 'How did that happen?'". The Indianapolis Star. Archived from the original on April 3, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  14. ^ "Dr. Anthony Fauci Named New NIAID Director" (PDF). HHS News. November 2, 1984. Archived from the original (Press release) on February 9, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  15. ^ Grady, Denise (March 8, 2020). "Not His First Epidemic: Dr. Anthony Fauci Sticks to the Facts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 15, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
  16. ^ Varmus, Harold (December 1, 2013). "Making PEPFAR". Science & Diplomacy. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  17. ^ Wysocki, Bernard, Jr. (December 6, 2005). "Agency Chief Spurs Bioterror Research – And Controversy". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.
  18. ^ a b "Anthony S. Fauci, M.D." About National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  19. ^ Holy Cross Magazine Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., ’62 Archived August 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on May 30, 2007.
  20. ^ a b "1998 AACC Lectureship Award". American Association for Clinical Chemistry. Archived from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  21. ^ Specter, Michael. "How Anthony Fauci Became America's Doctor". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  22. ^ "HIV InSite Interview with Anthony S. Fauci, MD". hivinsite.ucsf.edu. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  23. ^ Lopez, German (December 1, 2015). "The Reagan administration's unbelievable response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic". Vox. Archived from the original on August 26, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  24. ^ Portwood, Jerry (May 29, 2020). "Dr. Anthony Fauci Shares Moving Tribute to Larry Kramer and Their 'Love for Each Other'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  25. ^ Gross, Terry. "Fresh Air For Feb. 4, 2021: Dr. Anthony Fauci". Fresh Air. NPR. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  26. ^ Fauber, John (September 20, 2009). "Swine flu may hit as many as one-third of Americans, Fauci says". Medical Xpress. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  27. ^ "Officials eyeing additional screening for Ebola in US, vow to protect citizens from disease". Associated Press. October 6, 2014. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  28. ^ a b c Roberts, Dan (October 16, 2014). "CDC director warns Ebola like 'forest fire' as Congress readies for hearing". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  29. ^ Santucci, Jeanine (February 27, 2020). "What we know about the White House coronavirus task force now that Mike Pence is in charge". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
  30. ^ Cohen, Jon (March 22, 2020). "'I'm going to keep pushing.' Anthony Fauci tries to make the White House listen to facts of the pandemic". Science Magazine. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  31. ^ Nicholas, Peter (March 22, 2020). "Anthony Fauci's Plan to Stay Honest". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  32. ^ Smith, Virginia K. (April 4, 2020). "5 reasons Gov. Cuomo and Dr. Fauci are America's de facto leaders during the coronavirus pandemic". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  33. ^ a b "President Trump's Advisors 'Argued Strongly' Against Easing Coronavirus Measures Too Early, Anthony Fauci Says". Time. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  34. ^ a b Fiske, Warren (April 29, 2020). "Did Fauci tell U.S. 'not to worry about' coronavirus?". Politifact. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  35. ^ Higgins-Dunn, Noah; Lovelace, Berkeley, Jr. (March 11, 2020). "Top US health official says the coronavirus is 10 times 'more lethal' than the seasonal flu". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020.
  36. ^ McCormack, John (March 14, 2020). "Coronavirus vs. the Flu: The Difference Between a 1% and 0.1% Fatality Rate Is Huge". National Review. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020.
  37. ^ Austin, Sophie (July 8, 2020). ""Dr. Fauci: No reason to be wearing a mask."". Politifact. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  38. ^ Spencer, Saranac (May 19, 2020). "Outdated Fauci Video on Face Masks Shared Out of Context". Factcheck.org. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  39. ^ McDonald, Jessica; Gore, D'Angelo; Kiely, Eugene (February 3, 2021). "Video Wrong About Fauci, COVID-19". Factcheck.org. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  40. ^ Greenberg, Jon (December 27, 2020). "Says "Dr. Fauci lied about masks in March."". Politifact. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  41. ^ Cole, Devan (April 12, 2020). "Fauci admits earlier Covid-19 mitigation efforts would have saved more American lives". CNN. Archived from the original on May 4, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  42. ^ Tilove, Jonathan (April 18, 2020). "Chanting 'Let us work!', 'Fire Fauci!', protesters at Capitol decry virus restrictions". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on June 28, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  43. ^ Shepherd, Katie; Wagner, John; Sonmez, Felicia (April 14, 2020). "White House denies Trump is considering firing Fauci despite his retweet of a hashtag calling for his ouster". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  44. ^ Orr, Gabby; Levine, Marianne (April 13, 2020). "Trump's #FireFauci retweet spurs a cycle of outrage and a White House denial". Politico. Archived from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  45. ^ Budryk, Zack (April 2, 2020). "Fauci dismisses death threats: 'It's my job'". TheHill. Archived from the original on April 4, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  46. ^ Kate Bennett; Evan Perez. "Nation's top coronavirus expert Dr. Anthony Fauci forced to beef up security as death threats increase". CNN. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  47. ^ Singh, Maanvi (April 2, 2020). "Dr Fauci: security reportedly expanded as infectious disease expert faces threats". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 3, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  48. ^ a b "Fauci admits administration has restricted his media appearances, says he's not surprised Trump got COVID". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  49. ^ Bekiempis, Victoria (June 6, 2020). "US coronavirus deaths near 110,000 as local economies continue to reopen". The Guardian. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  50. ^ Sullivan, Peter (July 31, 2020). "Jim Jordan presses Fauci on protests, COVID-19". The Hill. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  51. ^ Miller, Sara (July 7, 2020). "Fauci on a COVID-19 vaccine: 'We will at least have an answer' in the winter whether it works". NBC News. Archived from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  52. ^ a b LeBlanc, Paul (July 8, 2020). "Fauci warns against 'false complacency' as Trump touts falling coronavirus death rate". CNN. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  53. ^ a b c Abutaleb, Yasmeen; Dawsey, Josh; McGinley, Laurie (July 12, 2020). "Fauci is sidelined by the White House as he steps up blunt talk on pandemic". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  54. ^ Carvajal, Nikki (July 7, 2020). "Trump says he disagrees with Fauci: "I think we are in a good place. I disagree with him."". CNN. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  55. ^ "Trump offers praise for absent Fauci: 'He's a good man'". The Hill. March 23, 2020. Archived from the original on April 6, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  56. ^ "Who is Dr Anthony Fauci, the US's trusted voice on coronavirus?". Al Jazeera. March 30, 2020. Archived from the original on April 1, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  57. ^ "How Fauci Prods, Persuades Trump on Coronavirus Response". The Wall Street Journal. March 31, 2020. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  58. ^ a b Lederman, Josh; O'Donnell, Kelly (July 13, 2020). "White House seeks to discredit Fauci as coronavirus surges". NBC News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  59. ^ "Trump: 'I disagree' with Fauci on Covid-19 in the US". Agence France Presse. July 8, 2020. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  60. ^ Haberman, Maggie (July 12, 2020). "Trump Aides Undercut Fauci as He Speaks Up on Virus Concerns". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  61. ^ a b 'You misconstrue that, Senator': Fauci tells Rand Paul he has the facts wrong on COVID-19 Archived September 23, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, September 23, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  62. ^ Dr. Fauci to Senator Paul: 'You are not listening ...' Archived September 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Yahoo News (Reuters), September 23, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  63. ^ Sargent, Greg (October 12, 2020). "Fauci's anger at Trump is more damning than it first appeared". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
  64. ^ Collins, Kaitlan (October 11, 2020). "CNN exclusive: Fauci says he was taken out of context in new Trump campaign ad touting coronavirus response". CNN. Archived from the original on October 12, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
  65. ^ Fernandez, Marisa. "Trump calls Fauci a "disaster" on campaign call". Axios. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  66. ^ Demsas, Jerusalem (October 20, 2020). "Trump's new attack: Biden "wants to listen to Fauci"". Vox.
  67. ^ Dawsey, Josh; Abutaleb, Yasmeen (October 31, 2020). "'A whole lot of hurt': Fauci warns of covid-19 surge, offers blunt assessment of Trump's response". Washington Post. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
  68. ^ Facher, Lev (November 2, 2020). "Trump threatens to fire Fauci 'after the election'". Stat. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  69. ^ Cummings, William; Subramanian, Courtney (November 2, 2020). "'I appreciate the advice': Trump tells crowd chanting, 'Fire Fauci!' to wait until after election". USA Today. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  70. ^ Henley, Jon; Connolly, Kate; Jones, Sam (December 3, 2020). "European and US experts question UK's fast-track of Covid vaccine". The Guardian. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  71. ^ Forgey, Quint (December 3, 2020). "Fauci: U.K. 'really rushed through that approval' of Pfizer vaccine". Politico. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  72. ^ Henley, Jon (December 4, 2020). "Fauci apologises after implied criticism of UK's 'rushed' Covid vaccine approval". The Guardian. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  73. ^ Kornfield, Meryl; Jacobs, Shayna (January 3, 2021). "As coronavirus death toll surpasses 350,000, Trump calls U.S. count 'far exaggerated'". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  74. ^ Kamisar, Ben (January 3, 2021). "Fauci pushes back on Trump: Covid death numbers are 'real'". NBC News. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  75. ^ Schneider, Avie (January 23, 2021). "Dr. Fauci relishes a 'hallelujah' moment". NPR. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  76. ^ Merica, Dan (December 4, 2020). "CNN Exclusive: Biden says he will ask Americans to wear masks for the first 100 days he's in office". CNN. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  77. ^ Walsh, Joe (December 4, 2020). "Biden Asks Fauci To Serve As 'Chief Medical Advisor' During Covid Crisis". Forbes.
  78. ^ Evelyn, Kenya (December 4, 2020). "Fauci accepts offer of chief medical adviser role in Biden administration". The Guardian.
  79. ^ Egan, Lauren (January 21, 2021). "Dr. Anthony Fauci says he feels liberated to speak freely about science, risk of Covid under Biden". NBC News. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  80. ^ Holcombe, Madeline; Andone, Dakin (April 9, 2021). "Fauci says new Covid-19 cases are at a disturbing level as the US is primed for a surge". CNN. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  81. ^ Paz, Christian (April 22, 2020). "Anthony Fauci's Gen Z Cred". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  82. ^ Gentzler, Doreen (June 8, 2020). "Cocktails, Sexiest Man Alive, and Shirts: Dr. Anthony Fauci On Becoming a Pop Culture Icon". NBC 4 Washington. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  83. ^ Gonzales, Sandra (July 29, 2020). "Brad Pitt scores Emmy nomination for playing Dr. Fauci on 'SNL'". CNN. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  84. ^ Sangal, Aditi (May 11, 2020). "Dr. Fauci as a romance novel hero? It's happened". CNN. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  85. ^ McNeil, Jr., Donald G. (July 13, 2020). "'We Loved Each Other': Fauci Recalls Larry Kramer, Friend and Nemesis". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  86. ^ Fauci, Jennifer (February 2002). "Patient Portables". The Nurse Practitioner. 27 (2): 54. doi:10.1097/00006205-200202000-00032. ISSN 0361-1817.
  87. ^ Laviola, Erin (March 13, 2020). "Christine Grady, Anthony Fauci's Wife: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy.com. Archived from the original on March 14, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  88. ^ Highly Cited Biography Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved May 30, 2007.
  89. ^ "Dr Anthony S Fauci awarded Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland". YouTube. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  90. ^ "Press Release Archive: Twelve Outstanding Public Servants Representing the Best and Brightest in Federal Government to be Honored at 53rd Annual Arthur S. Flemming Awards Presented by GW June 11". www2.gwu.edu. Archived from the original on September 2, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  91. ^ "List of Honorary Degree Recipients | Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, D.Sc. | Bates College". Bates College. May 31, 1993. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2020. Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, D.Sc. (May 31, 1993)
  92. ^ "All Laureates – English". Jung Foundation for Science and Research. Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  93. ^ "SiriusXM's Basketball and Beyond with Coach K: Dr. Anthony Fauci". Duke University. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  94. ^ "Honoris causa". Colgate University. Archived from the original on August 25, 2007. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
  95. ^ Agencies, United States Congress House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related (2000). Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2001: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-16-060655-7. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  96. ^ Lawrence K. Altman (March 28, 2002). "AIDS Researcher Fauci Wins Prize". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  97. ^ a b "Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. Biography and Interview". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on February 8, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2019.
  98. ^ "The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details". National Science Foundation. July 27, 2007. Archived from the original on April 1, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  99. ^ "Past Recipients". The American Association of Immunologists. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  100. ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (September 16, 2007). "4 Winners of Lasker Medical Prize". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  101. ^ "UCSF Medal". Office of the Chancellor. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  102. ^ "Robert Koch Stiftung – Anthony S. Fauci". www.robert-koch-stiftung.de. Archived from the original on September 12, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  103. ^ "Dr. Anthony Fauci". Prince Mahidol Award Foundation. November 21, 2013. Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  104. ^ "Anthony Fauci Will Get Honorary Degree". Johns Hopkins University. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  105. ^ "Honorary Degrees Awarded". Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
  106. ^ Owens, Brian (March 2016). "NIAID director wins Canada Gairdner Global Health Award". The Lancet. 387 (10025): 1261. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30050-2. PMC 7137847. PMID 27017308.
  107. ^ Alexander, Kelly (April 18, 2018). "AU Announces 2018 Commencement Speakers". American University. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  108. ^ "Anthony Fauci Will Get Honorary Degree". Boston University. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  109. ^ Davidson, Joe (October 7, 2020). "In subtle rejoinder to Trump, science carries the night at the Sammies awards for federal workers". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
  110. ^ "NAM Awards First-Ever Presidential Citation for Exemplary Leadership to Anthony Fauci". National Academy of Medicine. October 19, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  111. ^ "Dr. Fauci and Colin Kaepernick to receive award for "commitment to social change"". CBS News. July 30, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  112. ^ TEGNA. "Joe Biden and Kamala Harris are 2020 TIME Person of the Year". KHOU 11. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  113. ^ "Dr. Anthony Fauci to Speak at University of Chicago on March 4". The University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  114. ^ "Anthony S. Fauci to Receive Public Welfare Medal – Academy's Most Prestigious Award".
  115. ^ "Dan David Prize 2021 Laureates". dandavidprize.org. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  116. ^ Anthony Fauci (May 21, 2020). "Anthony Fauci delivers special message to Johns Hopkins graduates". Johns Hopkins University. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  117. ^ Hub staff report (May 21, 2020). "Senior class president Pavan Patel said the Class of 2020 is "ready to make its mark"". Johns Hopkins University. Archived from the original on June 19, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2020.

Further reading

  • Unger, Donald N.S., "I Saw People Who Were In Pain", Holy Cross Magazine , College of the Holy Cross, v.36, n.3, Summer 2002 issue. Front cover and pp. 10–19.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Fauci&oldid=1020317194"