COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam
The COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam is an ongoing immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country. Following the approval of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine on 30 January 2021, vaccinations commenced on 8 March 2021. The Sputnik V was later approved for use on 23 March 2021.
Date | March 8, 2021 | -present
---|---|
Location | Vietnam |
Cause | COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam |
Target | Immunization against COVID-19 |
Organised by | Vietnam's Ministry of Health |
Participants | 506,435 people with at least one dose administered of AstraZeneca[1] |
Outcome | 0.52% of the Vietnamese population has received at least one dose of a vaccine |
This is the country's largest-ever immunization campaign with over 150 million doses.[2] The country is expected to reach its vaccination coverage target of 80% in June 2022.[3]
HistoryEdit
In August 2020, the Vietnamese government announced that they had signed up for 50 to 150 million doses of Sputnik V vaccine from Russia. The Russians will also donate a number of machines, biological products and equipment to Vietnam for COVID-19 prevention, including their vaccine. In the meantime, Vietnamese researchers will still continue developing the country's own vaccine.[4][5]
In February 2021, the health ministry had suggested the government to approve COVID-19 vaccine from AstraZeneca, Moderna and Sputnik V for domestic inoculation. Minister Nguyen Thanh Long said the vaccine has been approved under emergent circumstances during the outbreak in Hải Dương and Quảng Ninh province.[6] AstraZeneca has pledged to provide Vietnam with around 30 million doses in 2021, beginning in April (1.48 million doses), May (2.76 million doses), June (5.04 million doses), July (7.32 million doses), and August (13.27 million doses).[7][8][9]
Besides the deal with AstraZeneca, Vietnam is also stepping up negotiations with Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and Gamaleya.[10]
National Deployment and Vaccination plan (NDVP) was signed off by Deputy Minister of Health on 9 February 2021. Vietnam will receive the feedback of the plan from NDVP review committee as one of the required steps to receive COVID-19 vaccines through COVAX Facility – a global mechanism for developing, manufacturing, supplying and procuring COVID-19 vaccines for all country, especially for low and middle-income economies.[11] Through COVAX, it is confirmed that Vietnam will receive 30 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine in 2022.[12] The first batch of vaccines sourced via Covax mechanism, containing 811,200 doses, arrived in Hanoi's Noi Bai International Airport on 1 April 2021.[13]
Vaccines on orderEdit
The government began to procure doses of COVID-19 vaccines from various sources:[14]
Vaccine | Origin | Progress | Doses ordered | Approval | Deployment | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oxford–AstraZeneca | UK/Sweden | phase III clinical trials[15] | 60 million | 30 January 2021[16] | 8 March 2021[17] | Including 38.9 million donated by COVAX Facility.[18] Produced by SK Bioscience (South Korea)[19] |
Sputnik V | Russia | phase III clinical trials | 50-60 million (presumably) | 23 March 2021[20] | Pending | 1,000 doses donated by Russia. In talks with manufacturer to obtain licence rights to produce in Vietnam[21] |
Pfizer–BioNTech | US/Germany | phase III clinical trials | 31 million | Pending | Pending | The first batch is expected to be delivered in 2022[22][23] |
Moderna | US | phase III clinical trials | 20 million | Pending | Pending | The first batch is expected to be delivered at the end of 2021[24] |
Nanocovax | Vietnam | phase II clinical trials[15] | Able to produce 60 million doses each year[25] | Pending | Pending | |
COVIVAC | Vietnam | phase I clinical trials[26] | Able to produce 6-30 million doses each year[27] | Pending | Pending | |
Vabiotech | Vietnam | phase I clinical trials[28] | Pending | Pending |
- Even when the Chinese announced it would provide priority access to Sinovac and Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine,[29] Vietnam is the only ASEAN nation that has yet to publicly state if it will use this due to anti-China sentiment among the public.[30]
- For locally produced COVID-19 vaccines, the MOH expects to have the first batch ready for use at the end of the third quarter of 2021. These vaccines can be put into the country's vaccination campaign in 2022 to ensure supply source and health security, overcome the difficulties when purchasing foreign vaccines.[12] The two locally produced vaccines, Nanocovax and COVIVAC, were put on trial on January to March 2021, respectively, with Nanocovax recognised in official WHO data.[31][32][33]
Vaccines in trial stageEdit
Vaccine | Type (technology) | Phase I | Phase II | Phase III |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nanocovax | Subunit | Completed | Completed | Not yet |
COVIVAC | Viral vector | In progress | Not yet | Not yet |
Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine | Subunit | In progress | Not yet | Not yet |
Rollout scheduleEdit
VNVC – the company in charge of importing and storing vaccines in Vietnam, said it is ready to have staff and facilities to store up to 170 million doses of vaccine. It has 49 provincial separate vaccine warehouses, 2 cold conditions warehouses, and 3 deep negative conditions warehouses for storing vaccines at a temperature of -40 to -86°C. In February 2021, the VNVC system's service capacity is up to 100,000 customers per day and can increase capacity to serve up to 4 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines per month.[34]
Group | Total of people | Vaccination coverage (%) | Number of vaccinators |
---|---|---|---|
First quarter | |||
Medical staff | 500,000 | 95% | 475,000 |
People directly involved in pandemic prevention | 116,000 | 110,200 | |
Total | 616,000 | 585,200 | |
Second quarter | |||
Customs officers | 9,200 | 95% | 8,740 |
Diplomats | 4,080 | 3,876 | |
Military forces | 1,027,000 | 975,650 | |
Police forces | 304,000 | 288,800 | |
Teachers | 550,000 | 522,500 | |
Total | 1,894,280 | 1,799,566 | |
Third & fourth quarter | |||
Teachers | 750,000 | 95% | 712,500 |
Above 65 years old | 7,600,000 | 7,220,000 | |
Essential workers (aviation, transport, tourism staff, utility workers, etc.) | 1,930,000 | 1,833,500 | |
People with chronic health issues | 7,000,000 | 6,650,000 | |
Total | 17,280,000 | 16,416,000 |
According to Deputy Minister of Health Tran Van Thuan, to get protection for the majority of the population, Vietnam needs to diversify supplies of vaccines, which including locally manufactured vaccines and maximising the resources from the businesses and local administration's budgets in addition to the government's budget to get the vaccination programme running. The budget needed to give vaccine shots for 20% of the population is estimated at 6.739 trillion VND ($293.67 million USD), but over 90% of this cost is funded by the COVAX Facility. The government will contribute 24 billion VND, the remaining comes from municipal and provincial governments and private sources.[37]
Progress to dateEdit
Vietnam vaccinations line chart
Vietnam vaccinations bar graph
Vaccination (as of 4 May 2021) | ||
---|---|---|
Doses administered[38] | 511,435 +1,580 | |
Total population [39] | 97,580,000 | |
At least one dose | Per 100 people | Fully vaccinated |
511,435 | 0.524 |
No data |
117,600 doses of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine arrived at Tan Son Nhat international airport in Ho Chi Minh City on 24 February.[40] On 16 March, Vietnam received 1,000 doses of Sputnik V from Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev.[41] The first batch of vaccines sourced via Covax mechanism, containing 811,200 doses, arrived in Hanoi's Noi Bai International Airport on 1 April 2021.[13] It expected that a total of 150 million doses would be available by the end of 2021.[42]
Vietnam's COVID-19 vaccination programme began on 8 March 2021, administering the AstraZeneca vaccine to medical workers in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Hải Dương province.[43] As of 29 April 2021, 506,435 people have received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine.[1]
Vaccinations by localityEdit
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Adverse reaction reportingEdit
Of the 69 medical staff at Gia Lai Field Hospital who administered AstraZeneca vaccine on 9 March 2021, 8 had mild side effects and one female nurse had severe side effects. Five minutes after injection, this nurse (with a history of bronchial asthma) experienced symptoms of perioral numbness, vomiting, dizziness, chest tightness and difficulty breathing.[47] As of 17 March 2021, in 20,000 people were injected, 4,078 cases had common reactions like muscle pain, headaches, diarrhoea, fever or hives, five with anaphylaxis grade II and one grade III case, all of these case are in stable conditions. The health ministry has asked local health authorities which face serious post-injection reactions to set up a professional council to evaluate the causes.[48][49] There has not been a single case of severe blood clots reported in some European nations.[49]
Public opinionEdit
A poll conducted from October to December 2020 found that Vietnam had one of the highest vaccine acceptance rate in the world. 98% of people surveyed responded they would definitely or probably get vaccinated when a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available.[50]
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ a b "Thêm 3 ca lây nhiễm từ bệnh nhân Covid-19 ở Hà Nam". VnExpress. April 30, 2021.
- ^ "Bắt đầu tiêm vaccine Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
- ^ TOMOYA ONISHI (March 28, 2021). "Vietnam travel bubble with Japan loses fizz as execs shun tight rules". Nikkei Asia.
- ^ Vietnam to buy Russian COVID-19 vaccine. Channel News Asia. 14 August 2020
- ^ Việt Nam đặt mua 50 - 150 triệu liều vắc xin ngừa COVID-19 của Nga. Tuổi Trẻ. 14 August 2020
- ^ "Đề xuất Bộ Y tế phê duyệt thêm 2 vaccine COVID-19 của Mỹ và Nga" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam MOH. February 25, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "Việt Nam announces COVID-19 vaccine delivery dates, warns of scams". Việt Nam News. March 11, 2021.
- ^ "Nóng: Bộ Y tế thông tin lịch trình cung ứng 60 triệu liều vắc xin phòng COVID-19 tại Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). Sức khỏe & Đời sống. March 10, 2021.
- ^ "Vaccination and surging confidence foster economic growth". Nhân Dân. March 10, 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam engages in negotiations to extend vaccine coverage". VOV. March 11, 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam included in Covax vaccine compensation program". VnExpress. February 23, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
- ^ a b "Lùi thời gian vaccine Covid-19 Covax về Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
- ^ a b "811.000 liều vắc xin AstraZeneca về tới Việt Nam". Tuổi Trẻ. April 1, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
- ^ "Bộ trưởng Y tế: 'Việt Nam không thiếu vaccine Covid-19'" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam approves AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, cuts short Communist Party congress". Channel News Asia (CNA). January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
- ^ "Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker". Nikkei Asia. March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ Viết Tuân (April 27, 2021). "Covax cung ứng thêm gần 9 triệu liều vaccine cho Việt Nam". VnExpress.
- ^ "Vaccines made in Korea arrive in Vietnam". February 25, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam says approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine for use". Reuters. March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ Thục Linh; Lê Nga (March 16, 2021). "Nga tặng vaccine Sputnik V cho Việt Nam". VnExpress.
- ^ "Vietnam approves AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, cuts short Communist Party congress". ChannelNewsAsia (CNA). January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
- ^ "VN in talks for 90 million doses of Pfizer, Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccines: Health minister". Vietnam News. February 24, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
- ^ "Tạo điều kiện cho doanh nghiệp tìm kiếm vaccine phòng Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). Nhân Dân. April 19, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam begins human trials of its Covid-19 vaccine". The Straits Times. December 17, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam kicks off trials for second homegrown vaccine candidate". Nikkei Asia. March 19, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ "Human trials of second homegrown COVID-19 vaccine begin". Vietnam News. January 22, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ "Dự kiến cuối quý 3-2021, Việt Nam sẽ có vaccine phòng Covid-19 đầu tiên". Nhân Dân. March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ "China promises Mekong neighbours access to Chinese Covid-19 vaccine". South China Morning Post. August 24, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam begins Covid-19 vaccination drive without China-made shots". SCMP. March 7, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
- ^ ""Made in Vietnam" Covid-19 vaccine – Nano Covax was recognized in official World Health Organization (WHO) data". Nanogen Pharmaceutical.
- ^ VIR, Vietnam Investment Review- (February 28, 2021). "First Vietnamese COVID-19 vaccine Nano Covax enters second phase of human trials". Vietnam Investment Review - VIR.
- ^ https://moh.gov.vn/tin-noi-bat/-/asset_publisher/3Yst7YhbkA5j/content/6-tinh-nguyen-vien-tiem-thu-nghiem-vac-xin-covivac-phong-covid-19-cua-viet-nam
- ^ "Việt Nam chuẩn bị đủ kho siêu lạnh để nhập vaccine Covid-19". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). February 22, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam details priorities for first phase of COVID-19 vaccinations". Retrieved February 24, 2021 – via Channel News Asia.
- ^ "Lịch trình tiêm vaccine COVID-19 cho 18 triệu người Việt Nam đầu tiên". Vietnam Television. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
- ^ "VN's health ministry details COVID-19 vaccine rollout plan, lists priority groups to receive the shots". Vietnam News. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
- ^ "Sáng 2/5 không thêm ca Covid-19". VnExpress. May 2, 2021.
- ^ "Dân số và tổng điều tra dân số Việt Nam 2020". VTV.
- ^ "Việt Nam có 117.600 liều vắc xin đầu tiên: Ưu tiên trước cho lực lượng tuyến đầu". Tuổi Trẻ. February 25, 2021.
- ^ "Russia gifts Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine to Vietnam". VOV. March 16, 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam records two more severe reactions after COVID-19 vaccination". Tuổi Trẻ. March 15, 2021.
- ^ "Người Việt Nam đầu tiên tiêm vaccine COVID-19: Không có gì phải lo sợ!" (in Vietnamese). VTV. March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
- ^ https://m.thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/the-thao-y-te/quyet-dinh-1896-qd-byt-2021-phan-bo-vac-xin-phong-covid19-dot-2-471102.aspx
- ^ https://m.thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/the-thao-y-te/quyet-dinh-1821-qd-byt-2021-thuc-hien-phan-bo-vac-xin-phong-covid-19-dot-2-470079.aspx
- ^ https://ncov.moh.gov.vn/web/guest/-/6847426-2382
- ^ "9 người ở Gia Lai bị phản ứng phụ sau tiêm vaccine Covid-19". VnExpress.
- ^ "Việt Nam sẽ tiếp tục tiêm phòng COVID-19 bằng vaccine AstraZeneca". VTV.
- ^ a b "Vietnam continues AstraZeneca rollout despite blood clot concern". VnExpress. March 12, 2021.
- ^ Wouters, Olivier J; Shadlen, Kenneth C; Salcher-Konrad, Maximilian; Pollard, Andrew J; Larson, Heidi J; Teerawattananon, Yot; Jit, Mark (February 12, 2021). "Challenges in ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines: production, affordability, allocation, and deployment". Health Policy. 397 (10278): 1023–1034. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00306-8.